Rationale for graduated licensing and the risks it should address

Injury Prevention

Volumn 8, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2002, Pages

  Williams, A F ^a   Ferguson, S A ^a  

^a Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ARTICLE; CAR DRIVING; CHILD BEHAVIOR; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EDUCATION; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; LICENSING; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK; SEATBELT; STATISTICS; TIME; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; AGE FACTORS; ALCOHOL DRINKING; AUTOMOBILE DRIVING; HUMANS; LICENSURE; PEER GROUP; RISK; RISK-TAKING; SEAT BELTS; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0036729814     PISSN: 13538047     EISSN: 14755785     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/ip.8.suppl_2.ii9     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM. The role of driving experience: implications for the training and licensing of new drivers. Ottawa, Ontario: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 1995.
2. Irwin CE. Adolescent development and driving: does driving differ from other health damaging behaviors. In Simpson HM, ed. New to the road: reducing the risks for young motorists. Proceedings of the First Annual International Symposium of the Youth Enhancement Service. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, 1996:51-70.
3. Williams AF. Graduated licensing and other approaches to controlling young driver risk taking. Risk-taking behavior and traffic safety symposium proceedings. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, 1997:131-45.
4. Arnett J. Reckless behavior in adolescence: developmental perspective. Dev Rev 1992;12:339-73.
5. Jessor R. Risky driving and adolescent problem behavior: an extension of problem-behavior theory. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving 1987;3:1-12.
6. Bergeron J. Behavioral, attitudinal, and physiological characteristics of young drivers in simulated driving tasks as a function of past accidents and violations. Presented at New to the Road Symposium, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1991.
7. Romanowicz PA, Gebers MA. Teen and senior drivers. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Motor Vehicles, 1990.
8. Jonah BA. Accident risk and risk-taking behavior among young drivers. Accid Anal Prev 1986;18:225-71.
9. Saibel C, Salzberg P, Thurston R. Observational survey of driver compliance with the pedestrian crosswalk law, 1995. Olympia, WA: Washington Traffic Safety Commission 1996.
10. Wasielewski P. Speed as a measure of driver risk: observed speeds versus driver and vehicle characteristics. Accid Anal Prev 1984:16:89-103.
11. Gebers MA, Romanowicz PA, McKenzie DM. Teen and senior drivers. Report no. CAL-DMV-RSS-93-141. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Motor Vehicles, 1993.
12. Williams AF, Preusser DF, Ulmer RG, et al. Characteristics of fatal crashes of 16-year-old-drivers: implications for licensure policies. J Public Health Policy 1995;16:347-60.
13. Ulmer RG, Williams AF, Preusser DF. Crash involvements of 16-year-old drivers. J Safety Res 1997;28:97-103.
14. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM. Young drivers and novice drivers: similar problems and solutions? Ottawa, Ontario: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 1990.
15. McKnight AJ, McKnight AS. The behavioral contributors to highway crashes of youthful drivers. Proceedings of the 44th annual conference of the association for the advancement of automotive medicine. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 2002:321-46.
16. Williams AF, Preusser DF, Ferguson SA. Fatal crashes involving 16-year-old drivers: narrative descriptions. J Traffic Med 1998;26:11-17.
17. Jessor R, Turbin MS, Costa FM. Predicting developmental change in risky driving: the transition to young adulthood. Appl Dev Sci 1997;1:4-16.
18. Insurance Research Council. Public attitude monitor, 1995. Wheaton, IL: Insurance Research Council, 1995.
19. Williams AF, Lund AK. Adults' views of laws that limit teenagers' driving and access to alcohol. J Public Health Policy 1986;7:190-7.
20. Ferguson SA, Williams AF. Parents' views of driver licensing practices in the United States. J Safety Res 1996;27:73-81.
21. Williams AF, Karpf RS, Zador PL. Variations in minimum licensing age and fatal motor vehicle crashes. Am J Public Health 1983;73:1401-2.
22. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM, Pak A. Changes in collision rates among novice drivers during the first months of driving. Accid Anal Prev. In press.
23. Williams AF, Weinberg K, Fields M, et al. Current requirements for getting a driver's license in the United States. J Safety Res 1996;27:93-101.
24. Foss RD. Personal communication, 2002.
25. Williams AF, Preusser DF. Night driving restrictions for youthful drivers: a literature review and commentary. J Public Health Policy 1997;18:334-45.
26. Farrow JA. Young driver risk taking: a description of dangerous driving situations among 16- to 19-year-old drivers. Int J Addict 1987;22:1255-67.
27. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. U.S. licensing systems for young drivers (laws as of October 2001). Arlington, VA. Available: http://www.highwaysafety.org/safety-facts/state-laws/us-licensing-systems.pdf, 2001. Accessed: February 26, 2002.
28. Chen L, Baker SP, Braver ER, et al. Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers. JAMA 2000;283:1578-82.
29. Voas RB, Wells JK, Lestina DC, et al. Drinking and driving in the United States: the 1996 national roadside survey. Accid Anal Prev 1998;30:267-75.
30. Mayhew DR, Donelson AC, Beirness DJ, et al. Youth, alcohol, and relative risk of crash involvement. Accid Anal Prev 1986;18:273-87.
31. Zador PL, Krawchuk SA, Voas RB. Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data. J Stud Alcohol 2000;61:387-95.
32. Du Mouchel W, Williams AF, Zador PL. Raising the alcohol purchase age: its effects on fatal motor vehicle crashes in twenty-six states. J Legal Stud 1987;16:249-66.
33. General Accounting Office. Drinking-age laws: an evaluation synthesis of their impact on highway safety. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, 1987.
34. Voas RB, Tippetts AS, Fell JC. The United States limits drinking by youth under age 21: does this reduce the fatal crash involvements? Proceedings of the 43rd annual conference of the association for the advancement of automotive medicine. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1999:265-78.
35. Hingson R, Heeren T, Winter M. Lower legal blood alcohol limits for young drivers. Public Health Rep 1994;109:739-44.
36. Doherty ST, Andrey JC, MacGregor C. The situational risks of young drivers: the influence of passengers, time of day, and day of week on accident rates. Accid Anal Prev 1998;30:45-52.
37. Preusser DF, Ferguson SA, Williams AF. The effect of teenage passengers on fatal crash risk of teenage drivers. Accid Anal Prev 1998;30:217-22.
38. Aldridge B, Himmler M, Aultman-Hall L, et al. Impact of passengers on driver safety. Transportation research record 1693. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board 1999:25-30.
39. Williams AF, Shabanova VI. Situational factors in seat belt use by teenage drivers and passengers. J Traffic Med. In press.
40. McKenna AP, Waylen AE, Burkes ME. Male and female drivers: how different are they? Berkshire, UK: The University of Reading, Foundation for Road Safety Research, 1998.
41. Womack KN, Trout NH, Davies BJ. Characteristics and conditions of teenage safety belt use. Report no. DOT HS 808 676. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, 1997.
42. Preusser DF, Williams AF, Lund AK. The effect of New York's seat belt use law on teenage drivers. Accid Anal Prev 1987;19:73-80.
43. Williams AF, Rappold V, Ferguson SA, et al. Seat belt use of high school drivers and their passengers. J Traffic Med 1997;25:21-5.
44. Williams AF, McCartt AT, Geary L. Seat belt use by high school students. Arlington, VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2002.
45. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Graduated licensing: a blueprint for North America. Arlington, VA. Available: http://www.hwysafety.org/safety- facts/teens/blueprint.pdf. Accessed: February 26, 2002.
46. McClelland DC, Warner E, Vanneman R. Drinking in the wider context of restrained and unrestrained assertive thoughts and acts. In: McClelland DC, et al, eds. The drinking man: alcohol and human motivation. New York: Free Press, 1972:162-97.
47. Williams AF. Risky driving behavior among adolescents. In: Jessor R, ed. New perspectives on adolescent risk behavior. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1998:221-37.