Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary development, hyperplasia and tumorigenesis

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 299-303

  Frohman, Lawrence A ^a   Kineman, Rhonda D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; HORMONE RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE RECEPTOR; SOMATOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTOR;

CARCINOGENESIS; CELL LINEAGE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; DEVELOPMENT; GENE INTERACTION; HORMONE RELEASE; HUMAN; HYPERPLASIA; HYPOPHYSIS; HYPOPHYSIS TUMOR; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MOUSE; MUTATION; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTATION; PITUITARY GLAND; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS, NEUROPEPTIDE; RECEPTORS, PITUITARY HORMONE-REGULATING HORMONE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0036716096     PISSN: 10432760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00613-6     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Rivier, J. et al. (1982) Characterization of a growth hormone releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumor. Nature 300, 276-278
2. Brazeau, P. et al. (1973) Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179, 77-79
3. Barinaga, M. et al. (1985) Independent effects of growth hormone releasing factor on growth hormone release and gene transcription. Nature 314, 279-281
4. Billestrup, N. et al. (1986) Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates proliferation of somatotrophs in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 6854-6857
5. Lee, E.J. et al. (2001) Restoration of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) responsiveness in pituitary GH3 cells by adenovirus-directed expression of the human GHRH receptor. Endocrinology 142, 414-420
6. Frohman, L.A. and Kineman, R.D. (1999) Growth hormone-releasing hormone: discovery, regulation, and actions. In Handbook of Physiology: Hormonal Control of Growth (Kostyo J., ed.), pp. 189-221, Oxford University Press
7. French, M.B. et al. (1991) Growth hormone-releasing factor does not activate protein kinase C in somatotrophs. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 79, 139-146
8. Pombo, C.M. et al. (2000) Growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase. Endocrinology 141, 2113-2119
9. Flavell, D.M. (1996) Dominant dwarfism in transgenic rats by targeting human growth hormone (GH) expression to hypothalamic GH-releasing factor neurons. EMBO J. 15, 3871-3879
10. Kineman, R.D. et al. (1996) The tyrosine hydroxylase-human growth hormone (GH) transgenic mouse as a model of hypothalamic GH deficiency: growth retardation is the result of a selective reduction in somatotrope numbers despite normal somatotrope function. Endocrinology 137, 4630-4636
11. Mutsuga, N. et al. (2001) Homeobox protein Gsh-1-dependent regulation of the rat GHRH promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 15, 2149-2156
12. Li, H. et al. (1996) Gsh-1, an orphan Hox gene, is required for normal pituitary development. EMBO J. 15, 714-724
13. Eicher, E.M. and Beamer, W.G. (1976) Inherited atehotic dwarfism in mice: characteristics of the mutation, little, on chromosome 6. J. Hered. 67, 87-91
14. Jansson, J-O. et al. (1986) Receptor-associated resistance to growth hormone-releasing factor in dwarf 'little' mice. Science 232, 511-512
15. Godfrey, P. et al. (1993) GHRH receptor of little mice contains a missense mutation in the extracellular domain that disrupts receptor function. Nat. Genet. 4, 227-232
16. Lin, S.C. et al. (1993) Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth. Nature 364, 208-213
17. Christensen, E. and Wilson, D.B. (1981) Fine structure of somatotrophs and mammotrophs in the pituitary pars distalis of the little (lit) mutant mouse. Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. 37, 89-96
18. Charlton, H.M. et al. (1988) Growth hormone-deficient dwarfism in the rat: a new mutation. J. Endocrinol. 119, 51-58
19. Downs, T.R. and Frohman, L.A. (1991) Evidence for a defect in growth hormone-releasing factor signal transduction in the dwarf(dw/dw) rat pituitary. Endocrinology 129, 58-67
20. sα. Endocrinology 133, 2782-2786
21. Kineman, R.D. et al. (1989) A cellular basis for growth hormone deficiency in the dwarf rat: analysis of growth hormone and prolactin release by reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Endocrinology 125, 2035-2040
22. Zeitler, P.A. et al. (1994) Development of pituitary cell types in the spontaneous dwarf(dw) rat: evidence for an isolated defect in somatotroph differentiation. Endocrine 2, 729-733
23. Struthers, R.S. et al. (1991) Somatotroph hypoplasia and dwarfism in transgenic mice expressing a non-phosphorylatable CREB mutant. Nature 350, 622-624
24. Wajnrajch, M.P. et al. (1996) Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse. Nat. Genet. 12, 88-90
25. Baumann, G. and Maheshwari, H.G. (1997) The dwarfs of Sindh: severe growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by mutation in the GH-releasing receptor gene. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 423, 33-38
26. Netchine, I. et al. (1998) Extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 432-436
27. Salvatori, R. et al. (1999) Familial dwarfism due to a novel mutation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 917-923
28. Salvatori, R. et al. (2002) A novel point mutation in the growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone receptor gene promoter of a patient with isolated GH deficiency impairs promoter activity and Pit-1 binding. Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 450-458
29. Murray, R.A. et al. (2000) Pituitary hypoplasia in patients with a mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 685-689
30. Hammer, R.E. et al. (1985) Expression of human growth hormone-releasing factor in transgenic mice results in increased somatic growth. Nature 315, 413-416
31. Frohman, L.A. et al. (1990) Tissue distribution and molecular heterogeneity of human growth hormone-releasing factor in the transgenic mouse. Endocrinology 127, 2149-2156
32. Brar, A.K. et al. (1989) Immunohistochemical analysis of human growth hormone-releasing hormone gene expression in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 125, 801-809
33. Mayo, K.E. et al. (1988) Dramatic pituitary hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing a human growth hormone-releasing factor gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 606-612
34. Kineman, R.D. et al. (2001) The effect of GHRH on somatotrope hyperplasia and tumor formation in the presence and absence of GH signaling. Endocrinology 142, 3764-3773
35. Asa, S.L. et al. (1990) Pituitary mammosomatotroph adenomas develop in old mice transgenic for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 193, 232-235
36. Lloyd, R.V. et al. (1992) Morphologic effects of hGRH gene expression on the pituitary, liver, and pancreas of MT-hGRH transgenic mice. An in situ hybridization analysis. Am. J. Pathol. 141, 895-906
37. Stefaneanu, L. et al. (1989) Adenohypophysial changes in mice transgenic for human growth hormone-releasing factor: a histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic investigation. Endocrinology 125, 2710-2718
38. Burton, F.H. et al. (1991) Pituitary hyperplasia and gigantism in mice caused by a cholera toxin transgene. Nature 350, 74-77
39. Kip1-deficient mice exhibit accelerated growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced somatotrope proliferation and adenoma formation. Oncogene 19, 1875-1884
40. Frohman, L.A. (1996) Experimental and clinical models of growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced pituitary tumors. In The Oncogenesis and Molecular Biology of Pituitary Tumors (Melmed S., ed.), pp. 72-86, Karger
41. Asa, S.L. et al. (1984)A case for hypothalamic acromegaly: a clinicopathological study of six patients with hypothalamic gangliocytomas producing growth hormone releasing factor. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58, 796-803
42. Zimmerman, D. et al. (1993) Congenital gigantism due to growth hormone releasing hormone excess and pituitary hyperplasia with adenomatous transformation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76, 216-222
43. Caplan, R. et al. (1978) Cure of acromegaly by operative removal of an islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Am. J. Med. 64, 874-882
44. Lee, E.J. et al. (2001) Absence of constitutively activating mutations in the GHRH receptor in GH-producing pituitary tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3989-3995
45. Adams, E.F. et al. (2000)A polymorphism in the growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor gene is associated with elevated response to GHRH by human pituitary somatotrophinomas in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275, 33-36
46. s and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. Nature 340, 692-696
47. Lyons, J. et al. (1990) Two G-protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors. Science 249, 655-659
48. s protein. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 1416-1420
49. Spada, A. et al. (1990) Clinical, biochemical, and morphological correlates in patients bearing growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors with or without constitutively active adenylyl cyclase. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 1421-1426
50. Cuttler, L. et al. (1989) Hypersecretion of growth hormone and prolactin in McCune-Albright syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68, 1148-1154
51. Kirschner, L.S. et al. (2000) Mutations of the gene encoding the protein kinase A type Iα regulatory subunit in patients with the Carney complex. Nat. Genet. 26, 89-92
52. Casey, M. et al. (2000) Mutations in the protein kinase A R1α regulatory subunit cause familial cardiac myxomas and Carney complex. J. Clin. Invest. 106, R31-R38
53. Pack, S.D. et al. (2000) Genetic and histologic studies of somatomammotropic pituitary tumors in patients with the 'complex of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity and Schwannomas' (Carney complex). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 3860-3865
54. Neary, C.L. and Cho-Chung, Y.S. (2001) Nuclear translocation of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A induced by an antisense oligonucleotide directed against the RIα regulatory subunit. Oncogene 20, 8019-8024