메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 1271-1310

A review of the literature relating caffeine consumption by women to their risk of reproductive hazards

Author keywords

Birth defects (or congenital malformations); Caffeine; Coffee; Low birthweight (or small for dates); Miscarriage (or spontaneous abortion); SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome); Subfecundity (or time to conception)

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE;

EID: 0036711458     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00092-3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (63)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0022392965 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial influences on ovarian endocrine and ovulatory function in Macaca fascicularis
    • Adams M.R., Kaplan J.R., Koritnik D.R. Psychosocial influences on ovarian endocrine and ovulatory function in Macaca fascicularis. Physiology and Behavior. 35:1985;935-940.
    • (1985) Physiology and Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 935-940
    • Adams, M.R.1    Kaplan, J.R.2    Koritnik, D.R.3
  • 2
  • 4
    • 0024547066 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the risk factors for pre-term delivery and intrauterine growth retardation
    • Arbuckle T.E., Sherman G.J. Comparison of the risk factors for pre-term delivery and intrauterine growth retardation. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 3:1989;115-129.
    • (1989) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 115-129
    • Arbuckle, T.E.1    Sherman, G.J.2
  • 7
    • 0002671507 scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in assessment of caffeine intake: A method of quantifying consumption and a test-retest reliability study
    • L.F. Soyka, & G. Redmond. New York: Raven Press
    • Barr H., Streissguth A.P., Martin D.C., Horst T.E. Methodological issues in assessment of caffeine intake: a method of quantifying consumption and a test-retest reliability study. Soyka L.F., Redmond G. Drug Metabolism in the Immature Human. 1981;265-279 Raven Press, New York.
    • (1981) Drug Metabolism in the Immature Human , pp. 265-279
    • Barr, H.1    Streissguth, A.P.2    Martin, D.C.3    Horst, T.E.4
  • 8
    • 0024240512 scopus 로고
    • Effects of caffeine consumption on pregnancy outcome. A review
    • Berger A. Effects of caffeine consumption on pregnancy outcome. A review. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 33:1988;945-956.
    • (1988) Journal of Reproductive Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 945-956
    • Berger, A.1
  • 9
    • 0025153095 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Berlin J.A., Colditz G.A. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Epidemiology. 132:1990;612-628.
    • (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.132 , pp. 612-628
    • Berlin, J.A.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 10
    • 0029921587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking reduces fecudity: A European multicenter study on infertility and subfecundity
    • Bolumar F., Olsen J., Boldsen J.et al. Smoking reduces fecudity: a European multicenter study on infertility and subfecundity. American Journal of Epidemiology. 143:1996;578-587.
    • (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.143 , pp. 578-587
    • Bolumar, F.1    Olsen, J.2    Boldsen, J.3
  • 11
    • 0022648278 scopus 로고
    • Low birth weight in pregnancies following induced abortion: No evidence for an association
    • Bracken M.B., Hellenbrand K.G., Holford T.R.et al. Low birth weight in pregnancies following induced abortion: no evidence for an association. American Journal of Epidemiology. 123:1986;604-613.
    • (1986) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.123 , pp. 604-613
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Hellenbrand, K.G.2    Holford, T.R.3
  • 16
    • 0028051553 scopus 로고
    • Re: "Association of delayed conception with caffeine consumption" (Letter to the Editor)
    • Caan B., Coates A. Re: "Association of delayed conception with caffeine consumption" (Letter to the Editor). American Journal of Epidemiology. 139:1994;663-664.
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.139 , pp. 663-664
    • Caan, B.1    Coates, A.2
  • 19
    • 0025717104 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine and infertility
    • Cramer D.W. Caffeine and infertility. Lancet. 335:1990;792-793.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 792-793
    • Cramer, D.W.1
  • 20
    • 0018218088 scopus 로고
    • An improper use of statistical significance testing in studying covariables
    • Dales L.G., Ury H.K. An improper use of statistical significance testing in studying covariables. International Journal of Epidemiology. 7:1978;373-375.
    • (1978) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 373-375
    • Dales, L.G.1    Ury, H.K.2
  • 23
    • 0027052246 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive effects of caffeine: A review and theoretical analysis
    • Diugosz L., Bracken M.B. Reproductive effects of caffeine: a review and theoretical analysis. Epidemiology Review. 14:1992;83-100.
    • (1992) Epidemiology Review , vol.14 , pp. 83-100
    • Diugosz, L.1    Bracken, M.B.2
  • 25
    • 0027401850 scopus 로고
    • The use of restricted controls to prevent recall bias in case-control studies of reproductive outcomes
    • Drews C., Greenland S., Flanders W.D. The use of restricted controls to prevent recall bias in case-control studies of reproductive outcomes. Annals of Epidemiology. 3:1993;86-92.
    • (1993) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 86-92
    • Drews, C.1    Greenland, S.2    Flanders, W.D.3
  • 30
    • 0005140830 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine: Deletion of GRAS status, proposed declaration that no prior sanction exists, and use on an interim basis pending additional study
    • FDA Caffeine: deletion of GRAS status, proposed declaration that no prior sanction exists, and use on an interim basis pending additional study. Federal Register. 45/205:1980;69817-69838.
    • (1980) Federal Register , vol.45 , Issue.205 , pp. 69817-69838
  • 32
    • 0026089831 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis in epidemiology, with special reference to studies of the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: A critique
    • Fleiss J.L., Gross A.J. Meta-analysis in epidemiology, with special reference to studies of the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: a critique. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 44:1991;127-139.
    • (1991) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.44 , pp. 127-139
    • Fleiss, J.L.1    Gross, A.J.2
  • 33
    • 0027955149 scopus 로고
    • Passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age infant
    • Fortier I., Marcoux S., Brisson J. Passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age infant. American Journal of Epidemiology. 139:1994;294-301.
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.139 , pp. 294-301
    • Fortier, I.1    Marcoux, S.2    Brisson, J.3
  • 34
    • 0019946099 scopus 로고
    • Cancer in Utah Mormon women by church activity level
    • Gardner J.W., Lyon J.L. Cancer in Utah Mormon women by church activity level. American Journal of Epidemiology. 116:1982;258-265.
    • (1982) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.116 , pp. 258-265
    • Gardner, J.W.1    Lyon, J.L.2
  • 37
    • 0029148699 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and caffeine consumption - A literature review
    • Golding J. Reproduction and caffeine consumption - a literature review. Early Human Development. 43:1995;1-14.
    • (1995) Early Human Development , vol.43 , pp. 1-14
    • Golding, J.1
  • 38
    • 0031397303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden infant death syndrome and parental smoking - A literature review
    • Golding J. Sudden infant death syndrome and parental smoking - a literature review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 11:1997;67-77.
    • (1997) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology , vol.11 , pp. 67-77
    • Golding, J.1
  • 39
    • 0023484789 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature
    • Greenland S. Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiologic Reviews. 9:1987;1-30.
    • (1987) Epidemiologic Reviews , vol.9 , pp. 1-30
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 40
    • 0028488031 scopus 로고
    • A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods
    • Greenland S. A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods. American Journal of Epidemiology. 140:1994;290-296.
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.140 , pp. 290-296
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 41
    • 0024229198 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual problem in the definition and interpretation of attributable fractions
    • Greenland S., Robins J. Conceptual problem in the definition and interpretation of attributable fractions. American Journal of Epidemiology. 128:1988;1185-1197.
    • (1988) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.128 , pp. 1185-1197
    • Greenland, S.1    Robins, J.2
  • 44
    • 0022452220 scopus 로고
    • Stress and fertility: Some modalities of investigation and treatment in couples with unexplained infertility in Dublin
    • Harrison R.F., O'Moore R.R., O'Moore A.M. Stress and fertility: some modalities of investigation and treatment in couples with unexplained infertility in Dublin. International Journal of Fertility. 31:1986;153-159.
    • (1986) International Journal of Fertility , vol.31 , pp. 153-159
    • Harrison, R.F.1    O'Moore, R.R.2    O'Moore, A.M.3
  • 45
    • 0029364290 scopus 로고
    • What can we infer from findings in subgroups
    • Hatch M. What can we infer from findings in subgroups. Epidemiology. 6:1995;473-475.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 473-475
    • Hatch, M.1
  • 47
    • 77957186526 scopus 로고
    • Re: "Association of delayed conception with caffeine consumption" (Letter to the Editor)
    • Hatch E.E., Bracken M.B. Re: "Association of delayed conception with caffeine consumption" (Letter to the Editor). American Journal of Epidemiology. 139:1994;664-665.
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.139 , pp. 664-665
    • Hatch, E.E.1    Bracken, M.B.2
  • 48
    • 0023939372 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy
    • Hebel J.R., Fox N.L., Sexton M. Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 41:1988;483-489.
    • (1988) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.41 , pp. 483-489
    • Hebel, J.R.1    Fox, N.L.2    Sexton, M.3
  • 49
    • 0023280122 scopus 로고
    • What do we know about the risks of caffeine consumption in pregnancy?
    • Heller J. What do we know about the risks of caffeine consumption in pregnancy? British Journal of Addiction. 82:1987;885-889.
    • (1987) British Journal of Addiction , vol.82 , pp. 885-889
    • Heller, J.1
  • 50
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: Association or causation
    • Hill B. The environment and disease: association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58:1965;295.
    • (1965) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine , vol.58 , pp. 295
    • Hill, B.1
  • 51
    • 0019464570 scopus 로고
    • Coffee and pregnancy
    • Hogue C. Coffee and pregnancy. Lancet. 1:1981;554.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 554
    • Hogue, C.1
  • 53
    • 0003082650 scopus 로고
    • Changes in tobacco smoking and ingestion of alcohol and caffeinated beverages during early pregnancy: Are these consequences, in part of feto-protective mechanisms diminishing maternal exposure to embryotoxins?
    • S. Kelly, E.B. Hook, D.T. Janerich, & H. Portar. New York: Academic Press
    • Hook E.B. Changes in tobacco smoking and ingestion of alcohol and caffeinated beverages during early pregnancy: are these consequences, in part of feto-protective mechanisms diminishing maternal exposure to embryotoxins? Kelly S., Hook E.B., Janerich D.T., Portar H. Birth Defects: Risks and Consequences. 1976;173-183 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1976) Birth Defects: Risks and Consequences , pp. 173-183
    • Hook, E.B.1
  • 54
    • 0018133169 scopus 로고
    • Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy
    • Hook E.B. Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 31:1978;1355-1362.
    • (1978) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.31 , pp. 1355-1362
    • Hook, E.B.1
  • 55
    • 0023522653 scopus 로고
    • The Tromso Heart Study: Is coffee drinking an indicator of a life style with high risk for ischemic heart disease?
    • Jacobsen B.K., Thelle D.S. The Tromso Heart Study: is coffee drinking an indicator of a life style with high risk for ischemic heart disease? Acta Medica Scandinavica. 222:1987;215-221.
    • (1987) Acta Medica Scandinavica , vol.222 , pp. 215-221
    • Jacobsen, B.K.1    Thelle, D.S.2
  • 56
    • 0020517269 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine: A survey of some of the known and suspected deleterious effects of habitual use
    • James J.E., Stirling K.P. Caffeine: a survey of some of the known and suspected deleterious effects of habitual use. British Journal of Addiction. 78:1983;251-258.
    • (1983) British Journal of Addiction , vol.78 , pp. 251-258
    • James, J.E.1    Stirling, K.P.2
  • 57
    • 0021950789 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ante-natal hospital records with retrospective interviewing
    • Joffe M., Grisso J.A. Comparison of ante-natal hospital records with retrospective interviewing. Journal of Biosocial Science. 17:1985;113-119.
    • (1985) Journal of Biosocial Science , vol.17 , pp. 113-119
    • Joffe, M.1    Grisso, J.A.2
  • 58
    • 0028966707 scopus 로고
    • Coffee intake and other factors in relation to multiple deliveries: A study in Greece
    • Kapidaki M., Roupa Z., Sparos L., Tzonou A., Olsen J., Trichopoulos D. Coffee intake and other factors in relation to multiple deliveries: a study in Greece. Epidemiology. 6:1995;294-298.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 294-298
    • Kapidaki, M.1    Roupa, Z.2    Sparos, L.3    Tzonou, A.4    Olsen, J.5    Trichopoulos, D.6
  • 59
    • 0026777699 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption regression models for distinguishing between beverage type effects and beverage preference effects
    • Kimball A.W., Friedman L.A. Alcohol consumption regression models for distinguishing between beverage type effects and beverage preference effects. American Journal of Epidemiology. 135:1992;1279-1286.
    • (1992) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.135 , pp. 1279-1286
    • Kimball, A.W.1    Friedman, L.A.2
  • 62
    • 0020016241 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine
    • Knutti R., Rothweiler H., Schlatter C. The effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 5:1982;187-192.
    • (1982) Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. , vol.5 , pp. 187-192
    • Knutti, R.1    Rothweiler, H.2    Schlatter, C.3
  • 64
    • 0026548684 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for small-for-gestational age birth in a preterm population
    • Lang J.M., Lieberman E. Risk factors for small-for-gestational age birth in a preterm population. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 166:1992;1374-1378.
    • (1992) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.166 , pp. 1374-1378
    • Lang, J.M.1    Lieberman, E.2
  • 68
    • 0023924282 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the importance of an independent variable in multiple regression: Is stepwise unwise?
    • Leigh J.P. Assessing the importance of an independent variable in multiple regression: is stepwise unwise? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 41:1988;669-677.
    • (1988) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.41 , pp. 669-677
    • Leigh, J.P.1
  • 69
    • 0027282178 scopus 로고
    • Failed or misleading adjustment for confounding
    • Leon D.A. Failed or misleading adjustment for confounding. Lancet. 342:1993;479-481.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 479-481
    • Leon, D.A.1
  • 70
    • 0005180658 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic studies of birth defects
    • P.B. Dews. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Leviton A. Epidemiologic studies of birth defects. Dews P.B. Caffeine: Perspective from Recent Research. 1984;188-200 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1984) Caffeine: Perspective from Recent Research , pp. 188-200
    • Leviton, A.1
  • 71
    • 0023856490 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine consumption and the risk of reproductive hazards
    • Leviton A. Caffeine consumption and the risk of reproductive hazards. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 33:1988;175-178.
    • (1988) Journal of Reproductive Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 175-178
    • Leviton, A.1
  • 72
    • 0005135562 scopus 로고
    • Coffee, caffeine, and reproductive hazards in humans
    • S. Garattini. New York: Raven Press
    • Leviton A. Coffee, caffeine, and reproductive hazards in humans. Garattini S. Caffeine, Coffee, and Health. 1993;343-356 Raven Press, New York.
    • (1993) Caffeine, Coffee, and Health , pp. 343-356
    • Leviton, A.1
  • 73
    • 0029267456 scopus 로고
    • Trans fatty acid and coronary disease: The debate continues. 1. The use of population attributable risk
    • Leviton A. Trans fatty acid and coronary disease: the debate continues. 1. The use of population attributable risk. American Journal of Public Health. 85:1995;410.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 410
    • Leviton, A.1
  • 74
    • 0029691193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coffee consumption and residual confounding
    • Leviton A. Coffee consumption and residual confounding. Epidemiology. 7:1996;110-111.
    • (1996) Epidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 110-111
    • Leviton, A.1
  • 75
    • 84963294868 scopus 로고
    • Why those who drink the most coffee appear to be at increased risk of disease. A modest proposal
    • Leviton A., Pagano M., Allred E.N., el Lozy M. Why those who drink the most coffee appear to be at increased risk of disease. A modest proposal. Ecology, Food and Nutrition. 31:1994;285-293.
    • (1994) Ecology, Food and Nutrition , vol.31 , pp. 285-293
    • Leviton, A.1    Pagano, M.2    Allred, E.N.3    El Lozy, M.4
  • 81
    • 0020534616 scopus 로고
    • Malformations in infants of diabetic mothers: Problems in study design
    • Mills J.L., Fishl A., Knopp R. Malformations in infants of diabetic mothers: problems in study design. Preventive Medicine. 12:1983;274-286.
    • (1983) Preventive Medicine , vol.12 , pp. 274-286
    • Mills, J.L.1    Fishl, A.2    Knopp, R.3
  • 82
    • 0025676280 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of total risk of spontaneous abortion: The virtue of conditional risk estimation
    • Modvig J., Schmidt L., Damsgaard M.T. Measurement of total risk of spontaneous abortion: the virtue of conditional risk estimation. American Journal of Epidemiology. 132:1990;1021-1038.
    • (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.132 , pp. 1021-1038
    • Modvig, J.1    Schmidt, L.2    Damsgaard, M.T.3
  • 84
    • 0003988444 scopus 로고
    • Control of cigarette smoking in evaluating the association of coffee drinking and bladder cancer
    • B. MacMahon, & T. Sugimura. USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    • Morrison A.S. Control of cigarette smoking in evaluating the association of coffee drinking and bladder cancer. MacMahon B., Sugimura T. Banbury Report 17: Coffee and Health. 1984;127-134 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA.
    • (1984) Banbury Report 17: Coffee and Health , pp. 127-134
    • Morrison, A.S.1
  • 87
    • 0024245520 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive and teratological risks of caffeine
    • Nash J., Persaud T.V.N. Reproductive and teratological risks of caffeine. Anatomia Anz Jena. 167:1988;265-270.
    • (1988) Anatomia Anz Jena , vol.167 , pp. 265-270
    • Nash, J.1    Persaud, T.V.N.2
  • 90
    • 0028125955 scopus 로고
    • Consequences on the newborn of chronic maternal consumption of coffee during gestation and lactation: A review
    • Nehlig A., Debry X. Consequences on the newborn of chronic maternal consumption of coffee during gestation and lactation: a review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 13:1994;6-21.
    • (1994) Journal of the American College of Nutrition , vol.13 , pp. 6-21
    • Nehlig, A.1    Debry, X.2
  • 91
    • 0025763357 scopus 로고
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy at the Royal Women's Hospital. Brisbane 1979-1989
    • Nicklin J.L. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy at the Royal Women's Hospital. Brisbane 1979-1989. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 31:1991;120-133.
    • (1991) Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.31 , pp. 120-133
    • Nicklin, J.L.1
  • 94
    • 0013239989 scopus 로고
    • The developmental toxicology of caffeine
    • H. Kalter. New York: Plenum Publishing
    • Nolen G.A. The developmental toxicology of caffeine. Kalter H. Issues and Reviews in Teratology, Vol. 4. 1988;305-350 Plenum Publishing, New York.
    • (1988) Issues and Reviews in Teratology, Vol. 4 , pp. 305-350
    • Nolen, G.A.1
  • 95
    • 0029377771 scopus 로고
    • Annotation: Public health methods - Attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action
    • Northridge M.E. Annotation: public health methods - attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action. American Journal of Public Health. 85:1995;1202-1203.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 1202-1203
    • Northridge, M.E.1
  • 96
    • 0027464410 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Its role in medical research and in assessment of the association between low levels of cholesterol and excess mortality
    • O'Brien P.C. Meta-analysis: its role in medical research and in assessment of the association between low levels of cholesterol and excess mortality. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 68:1993;91-93.
    • (1993) Mayo Clinic Proceedings , vol.68 , pp. 91-93
    • O'Brien, P.C.1
  • 97
    • 0028487173 scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Re: A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods
    • Olkin I. Invited commentary: re: a critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods. American Journal of Epidemiology. 140:1994;199-297.
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.140 , pp. 199-297
    • Olkin, I.1
  • 98
    • 0025818914 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, tea and coffee drinking, and subfecundity
    • Olsen J. Cigarette smoking, tea and coffee drinking, and subfecundity. American Journal of Epidemiology. 133:1991;734-739.
    • (1991) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.133 , pp. 734-739
    • Olsen, J.1
  • 100
    • 0018190574 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of fresh-brewed coffee and caffeine in the rat
    • Palm P.E., Arnold E.P., Rachwall P.C.et al. Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of fresh-brewed coffee and caffeine in the rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 44:1978;1-16.
    • (1978) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.44 , pp. 1-16
    • Palm, P.E.1    Arnold, E.P.2    Rachwall, P.C.3
  • 101
    • 0029804683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coffee and alcohol intake, smoking and risk of multiple pregnancy
    • Parazzini F., Chatneoud L., Benzi F.et al. Coffee and alcohol intake, smoking and risk of multiple pregnancy. Human Reproduction. 11:1996;2306-2309.
    • (1996) Human Reproduction , vol.11 , pp. 2306-2309
    • Parazzini, F.1    Chatneoud, L.2    Benzi, F.3
  • 103
    • 0023833050 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the relationship between emotional maladjustment and infertility
    • Paulson J.D., Haarmann B.S., Salerno R.L., Asmar P. An investigation of the relationship between emotional maladjustment and infertility. Fertility and Sterility. 49:1988;258-262.
    • (1988) Fertility and Sterility , vol.49 , pp. 258-262
    • Paulson, J.D.1    Haarmann, B.S.2    Salerno, R.L.3    Asmar, P.4
  • 104
    • 4243766704 scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. 2. Analysis and examples
    • Peto R., Pike M.C., Armitage P.et al. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. 2. Analysis and examples. British Journal of Cancer. 35:1977;14-16.
    • (1977) British Journal of Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 14-16
    • Peto, R.1    Pike, M.C.2    Armitage, P.3
  • 107
    • 0021332660 scopus 로고
    • The 1980 National Survey and National Fetal Mortality Survey - Methods used and PHS agency participation
    • Placek P.J. The 1980 National Survey and National Fetal Mortality Survey - methods used and PHS agency participation. Public Health Reports. 99:1984;111-116.
    • (1984) Public Health Reports , vol.99 , pp. 111-116
    • Placek, P.J.1
  • 110
    • 0024522429 scopus 로고
    • Estimating and correcting for confounder misclassification
    • Savitz D.A., Baron A.E. Estimating and correcting for confounder misclassification. American Journal of Epidemiology. 129:1989;1062-1071.
    • (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.129 , pp. 1062-1071
    • Savitz, D.A.1    Baron, A.E.2
  • 111
    • 0023792657 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of coffee and caffeine intake: Implications for epidemiologic research
    • Schreiber G.B., Maffeo C.E., Robins M.et al. Measurement of coffee and caffeine intake: implications for epidemiologic research. Preventive Medicine. 17:1988;280-294.
    • (1988) Preventive Medicine , vol.17 , pp. 280-294
    • Schreiber, G.B.1    Maffeo, C.E.2    Robins, M.3
  • 112
    • 0023726135 scopus 로고
    • Confounders contributing to the reported associations of coffee or caffeine with disease
    • Schreiber G.B., Robins M., Maffeo C.E.et al. Confounders contributing to the reported associations of coffee or caffeine with disease. Preventive Medicine. 17:1988;295-309.
    • (1988) Preventive Medicine , vol.17 , pp. 295-309
    • Schreiber, G.B.1    Robins, M.2    Maffeo, C.E.3
  • 113
    • 0000511082 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual and historical framework for molecular epidemiology
    • P.A. Schulte, & F.P. Perera. New York: Academic Press
    • Schulte P.A. A conceptual and historical framework for molecular epidemiology. Schulte P.A., Perera F.P. Molecular Epidemiology. Principles and Practices. 1993;Academic Press, New York.
    • (1993) Molecular Epidemiology. Principles and Practices
    • Schulte, P.A.1
  • 114
    • 0026546842 scopus 로고
    • Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal infection
    • Seo K., McGregor J.A., French J.I. Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal infection. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 79:1992;75-80.
    • (1992) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.79 , pp. 75-80
    • Seo, K.1    McGregor, J.A.2    French, J.I.3
  • 118
    • 0025968625 scopus 로고
    • Meta-meta-analysis: Unanswered questions about aggregating data
    • Spitzer W.O. Meta-meta-analysis: unanswered questions about aggregating data. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 44:1991;103-107.
    • (1991) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.44 , pp. 103-107
    • Spitzer, W.O.1
  • 119
    • 0023280259 scopus 로고
    • The use and abuse of subgroup analysis in epidemiological research
    • Stallones R.A. The use and abuse of subgroup analysis in epidemiological research. Preventive Medicine. 16:1987;183-194.
    • (1987) Preventive Medicine , vol.16 , pp. 183-194
    • Stallones, R.A.1
  • 121
    • 0025877410 scopus 로고
    • Miscarriage, caffeine and the epiphenomena of pregnancy: Specifying the analytic model
    • Stein Z., Susser M. Miscarriage, caffeine and the epiphenomena of pregnancy: specifying the analytic model. Epidemiology. 2:1991;163-167.
    • (1991) Epidemiology , vol.2 , pp. 163-167
    • Stein, Z.1    Susser, M.2
  • 123
    • 0028258841 scopus 로고
    • Timing in prenatal nutrition: A reprise of the Dutch Famine Study
    • Susser M., Stein Z. Timing in prenatal nutrition: a reprise of the Dutch Famine Study. Nutrition Reviews. 52:1994;84-94.
    • (1994) Nutrition Reviews , vol.52 , pp. 84-94
    • Susser, M.1    Stein, Z.2
  • 127
    • 0020341744 scopus 로고
    • The timing factor in the pathophysiology of the intrauterine growth retardation syndrome
    • Villar J., Belizan J.M. The timing factor in the pathophysiology of the intrauterine growth retardation syndrome. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. 8:1982;499-506.
    • (1982) Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey , vol.8 , pp. 499-506
    • Villar, J.1    Belizan, J.M.2
  • 128
    • 0027233130 scopus 로고
    • Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: A summary of case-control research
    • Viscoli C.M., Lachs M.S., Horwitz R.I. Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: a summary of case-control research. Lancet. 341:1993;1432-1437.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Viscoli, C.M.1    Lachs, M.S.2    Horwitz, R.I.3
  • 129
    • 0025262189 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine and infertility
    • Weinberg C.R., Wilcox A.J. Caffeine and infertility. Lancet. 335:1990;792.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 792
    • Weinberg, C.R.1    Wilcox, A.J.2
  • 131
    • 0026422301 scopus 로고
    • Tea and fertility
    • Wilcox A.J., Weinberg C.R. Tea and fertility. Lancet. 337:1991;1159-1160.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1159-1160
    • Wilcox, A.J.1    Weinberg, C.R.2
  • 132
    • 0029364975 scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and fetal growth
    • Windham G.C., Swan S.H., Fenster L. Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and fetal growth. Epidemiology. 6:1995;570.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 570
    • Windham, G.C.1    Swan, S.H.2    Fenster, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.