Intermediate uveitis

Ophthalmology Clinics of North America

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 309-317

  Lai, Wico W ^a   Pulido, Jose S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; AZATHIOPRINE; CARBONATE DEHYDRATASE INHIBITOR; CHLORAMBUCIL; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; MERCAPTOPURINE; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE; TRIAMCINOLONE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; TRIAMCINOLONE DIACETATE;

CATARACT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CRYOTHERAPY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EYE DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LASER COAGULATION; NEPHROTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; REVIEW; UVEITIS; VITRECTOMY;

HUMANS; UVEITIS, INTERMEDIATE;

EID: 0036709764     PISSN: 08961549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0896-1549(02)00026-3     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Fuchs E. A Textbook of Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1908.
2. Brockhurst RJ, Schepens CL, Okamura ID. Uveitis II. Peripheral uveitis: Clinical description, complications and differential diagnosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1960;49:1257-66.
3. Brockhurst RJ, Schepens CL, Okamura ID. Uveitis III. Peripheral uveitis: Pathogenesis, etiology and treatment. Am J Ophthalmol 1961;51:19-26.
4. Welch RB, Maumanee AE, Wahlen HE. Peripheral posterior segment inflammation, vitreous opacities, and edema of the posterior pole: Pars planitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1960;64:540-9.
5. Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ. Cyclitis and peripheral chorioretinitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1961;66:667-77.
6. Bloch-Michel E, Nussenblat RB. International Uveitis Study Group recommendations for the evaluation of intraocular inflammatory disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:234-5.
7. Henderly DE, Genstler AJ, Smith RE, Rao NA. Changing patterns of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:131-6.
8. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Intermediate uveitis. In: Uveitis: Fundamentals and Clinical Practice. Chicago: Yearbook Medical; 1989. p. 279-88.
9. Schlaegel Jr. TF. Differential diagnosis of uveitis. Ophthalmol Digest 1973;35:34-8.
10. Smith RE, Godfrey WA, Kimura SJ. Chronic cyclitis I. Course and visual prognosis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1974;77:760-9.
11. Althus C, Sundmacher R. Intermediate uveitis: Epidemiology, age and sex distribution. Dev Ophthalmol 1992;23:15-9.
12. Aaberg TM. The enigma of pars planitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:828-30.
13. Capone Jr. A, Aaberg TM. Intermediate uveitis. In: Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, editors. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994. p. 423-42.
14. Chester GH, Blach RK, Cleary PE. Inflammation in the region of the vitreous base. Pars planitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1976;96:151-7.
15. Kimura SJ, Hogan MG. Chronic cyclitis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1963;61:396-417.
16. Hogan MG, Kimura SG, O'Connor GR. Peripheral retinitis and chronic cyclitis in children. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1965;85:39-52.
17. Jutte A, Lemke L, Opitz J. Chronic cyclitis in children. Ophthalmologica 1969;157:169-77.
18. Kimura SJ, Hogan MJ. Chronic cyclitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1964;71:193-201.
19. Augsburger JJ, Annesley WH, Sergott RC, et al. Familial pars planitis. Ann Ophthalmol 1981;13:553-7.
20. Culbertson WW, Giles CL, West CW, et al. Familial pars planitis. Retina 1983;3:179-81.
21. Wetzig RP, Chan CC, Nussenblatt RB, et al. Clinical and immunopathological studies of pars planitis in a family. Br J Ophthalmol 1988;72:5-10.
22. Lam S, Tessler HH. Intermediate uveitis. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology, vol. 4. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1987. p. 1-15.
23. Khodadoust AA, Karnama Y, Stoessel KM, et al. Pars planitis and autoimmune endotheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:633-9.
24. Tessler HH. Pars planitis and autoimmune endotheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:599.
25. Pederson JE, Kenyon KR, Breen WR, et al. Pathology of pars planitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1978;86:762-74.
26. Henderly DE, Haymond RS, Rao NA, et al. The significance of the pars plana exudates in pars planitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:669-71.
27. Tessler HH. What is intermediate uveitis? In: Ernest JT, editor. Year Book of Ophthalmology. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1985. p. 155-7.
28. Felder KS, Brockhurst RJ. Neovascular fundus abnormalities and peripheral uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:750-4.
29. Lauer AK, Smith JR, Robertson JE, et al. Vitreous hemorrhage is a common complication of pediatric pars planitis. Ophthalmology 2002;109:95-8.
30. Milanowski SM, Pulido JS, Folk JC. Long-term visual outcome and complications associated with pars planitis. Ophthalmology 1993;100:818-25.
31. Suh DW, Pulido JS, Jampol LE, et al. Coats'-like response in pars planitis. Retina 1999;19:79-80.
32. Brockhurst RJ, Schepens CL. Uveitis IV. Peripheral uveitis: The complications of retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 1968;80:747-53.
33. Berger B, Leopold IR. The incidence of uveitis in multiple sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1966;62:540-5.
34. Giles CL. Peripheral uveitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1970;70:17-9.
35. Milanowski SM, Pulido JS, Goeken NE, Brown CK, Folk JC. The association of HLA-B8, B51, DR2, and multiple sclerosis in pars planitis. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1199-205.
36. Tang WM, Pulido JS, Eckels DD, et al. The association of HLA-DR15 and intermediate uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123:70-5.
37. Oruc S, Duffy BF, Mohanakumar T, et al. The association of HLA class II with pars planitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:657-9.
38. Calder V, Owen S, Watson C, et al. MS: A localized immune disease of the central nervous system. Immunol Today 1989;10:99-103.
39. Breeveld J, Rothova A, Kuiper H. Systemic diseases associated with intermediate uveitis. Cleve Clin J Med 1993;60:460-5.
40. Winward KE, Smith JL, Culbertson WW, et al. Ocular Lyme borreliosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108:651-7.
41. Avila MP, Jalkh AE, Feldman E, et al. Manifestations of Whipple's disease in the posterior segment of he eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:384-90.
42. Font RL, Rao NA, Issarescu S, et al. Ocular involvement in Whipple's disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1431-6.
43. Boskovich SA, Lowder CY, Meisler DM, et al. Systemic diseases associated with intermediate uveitis. Cleve Clin J Med 1993;60:460-5.
44. Mochizuki M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K, et al. Uveitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;114:123-9.
45. Mwanza JC, Kayembe DL. Uveitis in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Ophthalmol 2001;11:53-6.
46. Klingele TG, Hogan MJ. Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1975;70:39-47.
47. Vogel MH, Font RL, Zimmerman LE, et al. Reticulum cell sarcoma of the retina and uveal report of six cases and review of the literature. Am J Ophthalmol 1968;66:205-15.
48. Green WR, Kincaid MC, Michels RG, et al. Pars planitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1981;101:361-7.
49. Yoser SL, Forster DJ, Rao NAL. Pathology of intermediate uveitis. Dev Ophthalmol 1982;23:60-70.
50. Josephberg RG, Kanter ED, Jaffee RM. A fluorescein angiographic study of patients with pars planitis and peripheral exudation (snowbanking) before and after cryopexy. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1262-6.
51. Hultsch E. Peripheral uveitis in the owl monkey: Experimental model. Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1977;18:247-51.
52. Gartner J. The vitreous base of the human eye and "pars planitis": Electron microscopic observations. Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1972;10:250-5.
53. Li Q, Spriggs NK, Kovats S, et al. Epstein-Barr virus uses HLA calls II as a cofactor for infection of B lymphocytes. J Virol 1997;71:4657-62.
54. Ascherio A, Munger KL, Lennette ET, et al. Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA 2001;286:3083-8.
55. Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, Macleod DL, et al. Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:7440-4.
56. Godfrey WA, Smith WA, Smith RE, Kimura SJ. Chronic cyclitis: Corticosteroid therapy. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1977;74:178-88.
57. Nozik RA. Periocular injections of steroids. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1972;76:695-705.
58. Freeman WM, Green RL, Smith RE. Echographic localization of corticosteroids after periocular injection. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:281-8.
59. Helm CJ, Holland GN. The effects of posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with intermediate uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;120:55-64.
60. Lafranco DM, Tran VT, Guex-Crosier Y, et al. Posterior sub-tenon's steroid injections for the treatment of posterior ocular inflammation: Indications, efficacy and side effects. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1999;23:289-95.
61. Schlaegel Jr. TF, Weber JC. Treatment of pars planitis. II: Corticosteroids. Surv Ophthalmol 1966;22:120-30.
62. Lazar M, Weiner MJ, Leopold IH. Treatment of uveitis with methotrexate. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;67:383-7.
63. Wong VG, Hersh EM. Methotrexate in the therapy of cyclitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1965;69:279-93.
64. Charamis I, Skouras I. Treatment with azathioprine of peripheral chronic cyclitis with cystoid edema of the macula. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1977;170:362-5.
65. Newell FW, Krill AE, Thomson A. The treatment of uveitis with six-mercaptopurine. Am J Ophthalmol 1966;61:1250-5.
66. Gills JP, Buckley CE. Oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of uveitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1970;74:505-8.
67. Wong VG. Iummunosuppressive therapy of ocular inflammatory diseases. Arch Ophthalmol 1969;81:628-37.
68. Godfrey WA, Epstein WV, O'Connor GR, et al. The use of chlorambucil in intractable idiopathic uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:415-28.
69. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC. Cyclosporine A therapy in the treatment of intraocular inflammatory disease resistant to systemic corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. Am J Ophthalmol 1983;96:275-82.
70. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC. Cyclosporine therapy for uveitis: Long-term follow-up. J Ocul Pharmacol 1985;1:369-82.
71. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Cyclosporine: Immunology, pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Surv Ophthalmol 1986;31:159-69.
72. Cox SN, Hay E, Bird AC. Treatment of chronic macular edema with acetazolamide. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:1190-5.
73. Aaberg TM, Cesarz TJ, Flickinger RR. Treatment of pars planitis I. Cryotherapy. Surv Ophthalmol 1977;22:120-5.
74. Devenyi RG, Mieler WF, Lambrou FH, et al. Cryopexy of the vitreous base in the management of peripheral uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1988;106:135-8.
75. Wolf MD, Mieler WF, Chou F. Retinal detachment after cryotherapy and vitrectomy for peripheral uveitis. Presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. Dallas, TX, November 11, 1992.
76. Park SE, Mieler WF, Pulido JS. Peripheral scatter photocoagulation for neovascularization associated with pars planitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:1277-80.
77. Pulido JS, Mieler WF, Walton D, et al. Results of peripheral laser photocoagulation in pars planitis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1998;96:127-37.
78. Kaplan HJ. Surgical treatment of intermediate uveitis. Dev Ophthalmol 1992;23:185-9.
79. Mieler WF, Will BR, Lewis H, et al. Vitrectomy in the management of peripheral uveitis. Ophthalmology 1988;95:859-64.
80. Dugel PU, Rao NA, Ozler S, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy for intraocular inflammation related to cystoid macular edema unresponsive to corticosteroids: A preliminary study. Ophthalmology 1992;99:1535-41.
81. Smiddy WE, Isernhagen RD, Michels RG, et al. Vitrectomy for nondiabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Retina 1988;8:88-95.
82. Foster CS. Vitrectomy in the management of uveitis. Ophthalmology 1988;95:859-64.
83. Diamond JG, Kaplan HJ. Lensectomy and vitrectomy for complicated cataract secondary to uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1798-804.
84. Girard LJ, Rodriguez J, Mailman ML, et al. Cataract and uveitis management by pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy by ultrasonic fragmentation. Retina 1985;5:107-14.
85. Michelson JB, Friedlaender MH, Nozik RA. Lens implant surgery in pars planitis. Ophthalmology 1990;97:1023-6.
86. Estafanous MF, Lowder CY, Meisler DM, et al. Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in patients with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:620-5.
87. Belfort R, Nussenblatt REB, Lottember C, et al. Spontaneous lens subluxation in uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1990;110:714.
88. Wakefield D, McCluskey P, Penny D. Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy in severe inflammatory eye disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1986;104:847-51.
89. Wakefield D, Jennings A, McCluskey PJ. Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone in the treatment of uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmology 2000;28:103-26.