The early development and rapid growth of gas chromatographic instrumentation in the United States

Journal of Chromatographic Science

Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 458-472

  Ettre, Leslie S ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSTRUMENTATION; MARKETING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0036708760     PISSN: 00219665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/40.8.458     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. R.H. Müller. Anal. Chem. 29(3): 55A-57A (1957).
2. L.S. Ettre. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 15: 90-110 (1977).
3. R.A. Keller. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 15: 89 (1977).
4. H.B. Hass. Nat. Petrol. News 19: 251-55 (1927).
5. N.C. Turner. Nat. Petrol. News 35: R234-R237 (1943).
6. N.C. Turner. Petrol. Refiner 22(5): 140-44 (1943).
7. L.S. Ettre. Chromatographia 55: 497-504 (2002).
8. L.V. Guild. "The Analysis of Light Hydrocarbon Gases by Fractional Adsorption". Presented at the 32nd Annual Convention of the Natural Gasoline Association of America, Houston, TX, April 29-May 1, 1953; Proceedings, Technical Papers, pp. 13-22.
9. L.V. Guild. "The Analysis of LP Gases by Fractional Adsorption". Presented at the Symposium on Methods for Testing Liquefied Petroleum Gases, St. Louis, MO, September 27-28, 1954; Burrell Corp. reprint.
10. A.T. James and A.J.P. Martin. Biochem. J. 50: 679-90 (1952).
11. H.W. Patton, J.S. Lewis, and W.I. Kaye. "Separation and Analysis of Gases and Volatile Liquids by GC". Presented at the 126th National A.C.S. Meeting, New York, NY, September 12-17, 1954; Anal. Chem. 27: 170-74 (1955).
12. J.S. Lewis, H.W. Patton, and W.I. Kaye. Qualitative GC Analysis Using Two Columns of Different Characteristics. Anal. Chem. 28: 1370-73 (1956).
13. L.V. Guild. "Some Practical Applications of Gas Chromatography". Presented at the 7th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, February 27-March 2, 1956.
14. H.H. Hausdorff. Report on GC Study. Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT, February 24, 1955 (internal report).
15. Instrument News 6(4): 1,6 (Summer 1955).
16. A. Savitzky. "Gas Chromatography". In Engineering Report No.36. Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT, February 28, 1955 (internal report).
17. R.H. Müller. Anal. Chem. 27(6): 33A-36A (1955).
18. Anal. Chem. 27(9): 22A (1955).
19. E.S. Watson and D.R. Bresky (to Perkin-Elmer Corp.): U.S. Patent 2,757,541 (Filed: February 27, 1956 - issued: August 7, 1956).
20. Instrument News 8(4): 4-5 (Summer 1957).
21. N. Brenner. "Analytical Applications of a Triple-Stage GC Instrument". Presented at the 9th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, March 3-7, 1958.
22. N. Brenner and V.J. Coates. "Modification of Vapor Phase Chromatography Apparatus for the Preparation of High-Purity Compounds". Presented at the 8th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, March 4-8, 1957.
23. R.D. Condon. "Design Considerations of a GC System Employing High Efficiency Golay Columns". Presented at the 10th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, March 2-6, 1959; Anal. Chem. 31: 1717-22 (1959).
24. B.O. Ayers. "Chromatographic Analysis in Process Instrumentation". Presented at the First Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, August 28-30, 1957; Gas Chromatography. V.C. Coates, H.J. Noebels, and I.S. Fagerson, Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1958, pp. 249-67.
25. C.C. Helms and H.N. Claudy. "Practical Design of a Vapor Fractometer for Automatic Multicomponent Analysis of Process Streams". Presented at the First Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, August 28-30, 1957; Gas Chromatography. V.J. Coates, H.J. Noebels, and I.S. Fagerson, Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1958, pp. 269-79.
26. L.S. Ettre. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 37(9): 2A-8A (1998).
27. W. Podbielniak and S.T. Preston. Petrol. Refiner 34(11): 165-69 (1955).
28. W.J. Podbielniak and S.T. Preston. "Possibilities of GC". Presented at the Meeting of the California Natural Gasoline Association, Pasadena, CA, October 11, 1956; Gas 34(2): 119-26 (1958).
29. Anal. Chem. 28(1): 11A (1956).
30. Chem. & Eng. News 39: 76-83 (1961).
31. Chem. Heritage 20(1): 23-24 (2002).
32. D.H. Lichtenfels, S.A. Fleck, and F.H. Burow. "Gas Liquid Partition Chromatography". Presented at the 6th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, February 28-March 4, 1955; Anal. Chem. 27; 1510-13 (1955).
33. R.J. Kokes, H. Tobin, Jr., and P.H. Emmett. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77: 5860-62 (1955).
34. B.W. Taylor. "Fisher-Gulf Partitioner". Presented at the 7th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, February 27-March 2, 1956.
35. B.W. Taylor. "An Instrument Designed for High Temperature Analysis". Presented at the First Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, August 28-30, 1957; Gas Chromatography. V.J. Coates, H.J. Noebels, and I.S. Fagerson, Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1958, pp. 155-64.
36. B.W. Taylor and A.A. Poli. "Analysis of "Fixed" Gases and Low-Boiling Hydrocarbons by GC". Presented at the 10th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, March 2-6, 1959.
37. A. Thakray and M. Myers, Jr. Arnold O. Beckman. Chemistry Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
38. D.W. Carle. "Design and Performance of the Beckman GC". Presented at the 7th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, February 27-March 2, 1957.
39. D.W. Carle and W. Donner. "Design and Performance of a New High Temperature GC". Presented at the 8th Pittcon, Pittsburgh, PA, March 4-8, 1957.
40. D.W. Carle and M. Burnell. "Preparative Scale GC". Presented at the 9th Pittcon, March 3-7, 1958.
41. "Consolidated Type 26-201 Chromatograph". In Bulletin No. 1831. CEC Co., Pasadena, CA, September 1956.
42. R.A. Meyer. "The Analysis of High Vapor Pressure Natural Gasolines". Presented at the First Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, August 28-30, 1957; Gas Chromatography. V.J. Coates, H.J. Noebels, and I.S. Fagerson, Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1958, pp. 93-98.
43. D. Alexander and R.F. March. "High Temperature GC". Presented at the Second Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, June 10-13, 1959; Gas Chromatography. H.J. Noebels, R.F. Wall, and N. Brenner, Eds., Academic Press, New York, NY, 1961, pp. 163-69.
44. M. Dimbat, P.E. Porter, and F.H. Stross. Anal. Chem. 28: 290-97 (1956).
45. E.M. Fredericks and F.R. Brooks. Anal. Chem. 28: 297-303 (1956).
46. F.T. Eggertsen, H.S. Knight, and S. Groennings. Anal. Chem. 28: 303-306 (1956).
47. "Thermal Conductivity Detectors Used in GC". American Society for Testing & Materials, Philadelphia, PA. E 516.
48. Chem. Eng. News 34: 1692-96 (1956).
49. K.P. Dimick. LC-GC North America 8: 782-86 (1990).
50. K.P. Dimick and J. Corse. Food Technol. 10: 360-64 (1956).
51. 75 Years of Chromatography - A Historical Dialogue. S.R. Lipsky, L.S. Ettre, and A. Zlatkis, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1979, pp. 265-76.
52. 75 Years of Chromatography - A Historical Dialogue. E.C. Horning, L.S. Ettre, and A. Zlatkis, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1979, pp. 141-50.
53. "The New Model K-5 Research Kromo-Tog". Burrell Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 1958. Bulletin No. 837.
54. J.E. Lovelock. J. Chromatogr. 1: 35-46 (1958).
55. J.E. Lovelock. Nature (London) 181: 1460-62 (1958).
56. J.H. Griffiths, D.H. James, and C.S.G. Phillips. Analyst (London) 77: 897-904 (1952).
57. L. Guild, S. Bingham, and F. Aul. "Base-Line Control in Gas-Liquid Chromatography". Presented at the Second Symposium on GC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 19-23, 1958; Gas Chromatography. D.H. Desty, Ed. 1958, pp. 226-47.
58. S. Dal Nogare. "Programmed Heating of the GC Columns". Presented at the Second Symposium on GC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 19-23, 1958; Gas Chromatography 1958. D.H. Desty, Ed. pp. 241-44.
59. S. Dal Nogare and C.E. Bennett. Anal. Chem. 30: 1157-58 (1958).
60. S. Dal Nogare and J.C. Harden. Anal. Chem. 31: 1829-32 (1959).
61. S. Dal Nogare and L.W. Safranski. "High-Temperature GC Apparatus". Presented at the Southwide Chemical Conference, I.S.A.A.C.S., Memphis, TN, December 6, 1956; Anal. Chem. 30: 894-98 (1958).
62. C.E. Bennett, S. Dal Nogare, L.W. Safranski, and C.D. Lewis. "Trace Analysis by GC". Presented at the 131st National A.C.S. Meeting, Miami, FL, April 7-12, 1957; Anal. Chem. 30: 898-902 (1958).
63. Anal. Chem. 31(5): 93A-94A (1959).
64. Anal. Chem. 32(3): 103A-104A (1960).
65. Anal. Chem. 32(6): 120A (1960).
66. "Gas Phase Instrumentation. Market Analyses and Perspectives. The Laboratory Analytical Instrument Industry 1999-2004, Part VIII." Strategic Directions International, Los Angeles, CA, 2000, pp. 96-115.
67. D.W. Carle. "Precise Liquid Sampling in GC". Presented at the First Symposium on GC, I.S.A., East Lansing, MI, August 28-30, 1957; Gas Chromatography. V.J. Coates, H.J. Noebels, and I.S. Fagerson, Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1958, pp. 67-72.
68. L.S. Ettre. LC-GC North America 20: 452-63.
69. C.L. Hamilton and R.A. Meyer. "Microliter Syringes for Sample Introduction". Presented at the National I.S.A. Symposium on Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Houston TX, May 12-14, 1958; Symposium Proceedings. I.S.A., Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 155-58.
70. A.I.M. Keulemans, A. Kwantes, and P. Zaal. Anal. Chim. Acta 13: 357-72 (1955).
71. C.H. Orr and J.E. Callen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80: 249 (1958).
72. C.H. Orr and J.E. Callen. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 72: 649-55 (1959).
73. H.H. Hausdorff. Vapor Fractometry (Gas Chromatography) - A Powerful New Tool in Chemical Analysis. The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, CT, 1955.
74. W.J. Podbielniak and S.T. Preston, Jr. Petrol. Refiner 34(11): 165-69 (1955); 35(4): 215-220 (1956).
75. W.J. Podbielniak and S.T. Preston, Jr. Petrol. Refiner 34(11): 165-69 (1955); 35(4): 215-220 (1956).
76. T. Johns. Beckman Gas Chromatography Application Manual. Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA, 1956; subsequent enlarged editions.
77. A.I.M. Keulemans. Gas Chromatography. Reinhold, New York, NY, 1957.
78. F.W. Karasek. Research/Development 22(1): 28 (1970).
79. Anal. Chem. 33(10): 27A-41A (1961).
80. E. Fahr. Z. Anal. Chem. 281: 1 (1976).
81. B. Erickson. Anal. Chem. 71: 271A-76A (1999).
82. L.S. Ettre. CAST 2: 26 (2000).
83. Chromatography Supplement to Today's Chemist at Work. September, 2001, p 28.
84. Instrument Business Outlook. Strategic Directions International, Los Angeles, CA, January 15, 2002, p 7.