메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 82, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 849-865

Acute and chronic pain syndromes after thoracic surgery

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DICLOFENAC; INDOMETACIN; KETAMINE; KETOROLAC; MORPHINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PETHIDINE; PIROXICAM; TENOXICAM;

EID: 0036703829     PISSN: 00396109     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6109(02)00031-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0032915043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choices in pain management following thoracotomy
    • Peeter S, Asdourian C, Gupta S. Choices in pain management following thoracotomy. Chest 1999;115:122S-4S.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115
    • Peeter, S.1    Asdourian, C.2    Gupta, S.3
  • 2
    • 0032965208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain management in cardiothoracic practice
    • Kruger M, McRae K. Pain management in cardiothoracic practice. Surg Clin N Am 1999; 79:387-99.
    • (1999) Surg Clin N Am , vol.79 , pp. 387-399
    • Kruger, M.1    McRae, K.2
  • 3
    • 0031702427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and management of persistent postthoracotomy pain
    • d'Amours RH, Riegler FX, Little AG. Pathogenesis and management of persistent postthoracotomy pain. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1998;8:703-22.
    • (1998) Chest Surg Clin N Am , vol.8 , pp. 703-722
    • D'Amours, R.H.1    Riegler, F.X.2    Little, A.G.3
  • 4
    • 0030813808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative pain management
    • Jain S, Datt S. Postoperative pain management. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1997;7:773-99.
    • (1997) Chest Surg Clin N Am , vol.7 , pp. 773-799
    • Jain, S.1    Datt, S.2
  • 5
    • 0032866835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative care and monitoring
    • Naunheim KS. Postoperative care and monitoring. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1999;9:501-13.
    • (1999) Chest Surg Clin N Am , vol.9 , pp. 501-513
    • Naunheim, K.S.1
  • 6
    • 0031716957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized comparison of extrapleural versus epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain
    • Kaiser AM, Zollinger A, DeLorenzi D, et al. Prospective, randomized comparison of extrapleural versus epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:367-72.
    • (1998) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.66 , pp. 367-372
    • Kaiser, A.M.1    Zollinger, A.2    DeLorenzi, D.3
  • 8
    • 0025819935 scopus 로고
    • Generation of acute pain: Central mechanisms
    • Woolf CJ. Generation of acute pain: Central mechanisms. Br Med Bull 1991;47:209-14.
    • (1991) Br Med Bull , vol.47 , pp. 209-214
    • Woolf, C.J.1
  • 9
    • 0021154336 scopus 로고
    • Long term alterations in the excitability of flexion reflex produced by tissue injury in the chronic decerebrate rat
    • Woolf CJ. Long term alterations in the excitability of flexion reflex produced by tissue injury in the chronic decerebrate rat. Pain 1984;18:325-43.
    • (1984) Pain , vol.18 , pp. 325-343
    • Woolf, C.J.1
  • 10
    • 0025354044 scopus 로고
    • Activity dependent changes in rat ventral horn neurons in vitro: Summation of prolonged afferent evoked post-synaptic depolarisations produce a d-APV sensitive windup
    • Thompson SWN, King AE, Woolf CJ. Activity dependent changes in rat ventral horn neurons in vitro: Summation of prolonged afferent evoked post-synaptic depolarisations produce a d-APV sensitive windup. Eur J Neurosci 1990;2:638-49.
    • (1990) Eur J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 638-649
    • Thompson, S.W.N.1    King, A.E.2    Woolf, C.J.3
  • 11
    • 0031728549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of minimally invasive thoracic surgical approaches on acute and chronic postoperative pain
    • Landreneau RJ, Wiechmann RJ, Hazelrigg SR, et al. Effect of minimally invasive thoracic surgical approaches on acute and chronic postoperative pain. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1998; 8:891-906.
    • (1998) Chest Surg Clin N Am , vol.8 , pp. 891-906
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Wiechmann, R.J.2    Hazelrigg, S.R.3
  • 12
    • 0000199819 scopus 로고
    • Classification of chronic pain: Description of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms
    • Merskey H. Classification of chronic pain: Description of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms. Pain 1986;3:S138-9.
    • (1986) Pain , vol.3
    • Merskey, H.1
  • 13
    • 0011742185 scopus 로고
    • Management of acute and chronic pain: An introduction
    • Bonica JJ, editor. New York: HP Publishing
    • Bonica JJ. Management of acute and chronic pain: An introduction. In: Bonica JJ, editor. Recent Advances in the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain. New York: HP Publishing; 1979. p. 1-49.
    • (1979) Recent Advances in the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain , pp. 1-49
    • Bonica, J.J.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0026063584 scopus 로고
    • Long-term post-thoracotomy pain
    • Dajczman E, Gordon A, Kreisman H, et al. Long-term postthoracotomy pain. Chest 1991;99:270-4.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 270-274
    • Dajczman, E.1    Gordon, A.2    Kreisman, H.3
  • 16
    • 0024835116 scopus 로고
    • Long-term post-thoracotomy cancer pain management with interpleural bupivacaine
    • Fineman SP. Long-term post-thoracotomy cancer pain management with interpleural bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1989;68:694-7.
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.68 , pp. 694-697
    • Fineman, S.P.1
  • 18
    • 0011713821 scopus 로고
    • Positional and incisional complications of thoracic surgery
    • Waldhausen JA, Orringer MB, editors. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book
    • Mclaughlin JS. Positional and incisional complications of thoracic surgery. In: Waldhausen JA, Orringer MB, editors. Complications in Cardiothoracic Surgery. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1991. p. 20-8.
    • (1991) Complications in Cardiothoracic Surgery , pp. 20-28
    • Mclaughlin, J.S.1
  • 19
    • 0011742292 scopus 로고
    • Costal chondritis and perichondritis
    • Pontius J, Clagett O, McDonald J. Costal chondritis and perichondritis. Surgery 1959;45: 852-6.
    • (1959) Surgery , vol.45 , pp. 852-856
    • Pontius, J.1    Clagett, O.2    McDonald, J.3
  • 20
    • 0021645823 scopus 로고
    • Postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary function following epidural and systemic morphine
    • Shulman M, Sandler AN, Bradley JW, et al. Postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary function following epidural and systemic morphine. Anesthesiology 1984;61:569-75.
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.61 , pp. 569-575
    • Shulman, M.1    Sandler, A.N.2    Bradley, J.W.3
  • 21
    • 0028316981 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of chronic pain after pulmonary resection by thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery
    • Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Hazelrigg SR, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain after pulmonary resection by thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1079-86.
    • (1994) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.107 , pp. 1079-1086
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Mack, M.J.2    Hazelrigg, S.R.3
  • 22
    • 0025809445 scopus 로고
    • The effect of muscle-sparing versus standard posterolateral thoracotomy on pulmonary function, muscle strength and postoperative pain
    • Hazelrigg SR, Landreneau RJ, Boley TM, et al. The effect of muscle-sparing versus standard posterolateral thoracotomy on pulmonary function, muscle strength and postoperative pain. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:394-401.
    • (1991) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.101 , pp. 394-401
    • Hazelrigg, S.R.1    Landreneau, R.J.2    Boley, T.M.3
  • 23
    • 75549116921 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in post-operative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. A study of doctor patient rapport
    • Egbert LD, Battit GE, Welch CE, et al. Reduction in post-operative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. A study of doctor patient rapport. N Engl J Med 1964;270:825-7.
    • (1964) N Engl J Med , vol.270 , pp. 825-827
    • Egbert, L.D.1    Battit, G.E.2    Welch, C.E.3
  • 24
    • 0000251615 scopus 로고
    • War wounds of chest observed at the Thoracic Surgery Center
    • Walter Reed General Hospital
    • Blades B, Dugan DJ. War wounds of chest observed at the Thoracic Surgery Center. Walter Reed General Hospital. J Thorac Surg 1944;13:294-306.
    • (1944) J Thorac Surg , vol.13 , pp. 294-306
    • Blades, B.1    Dugan, D.J.2
  • 25
    • 0026547942 scopus 로고
    • Therapists and therapies for post-thoracotomy neuralgia
    • Conacher ID. Therapists and therapies for post-thoracotomy neuralgia. Pain 1992;48: 409-12.
    • (1992) Pain , vol.48 , pp. 409-412
    • Conacher, I.D.1
  • 26
    • 0029929541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain
    • Katz J, Jackson M, Kavanagh BP, Sandler AN. Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain. Clin J Pain 1996;12:50-5.
    • (1996) Clin J Pain , vol.12 , pp. 50-55
    • Katz, J.1    Jackson, M.2    Kavanagh, B.P.3    Sandler, A.N.4
  • 28
    • 0030982779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-serratus sparing-antero-axillary thoracotomy with disconnection of anterior rib cartilage. Improvement in postoperative pulmonary function and pain in comparison to posterolateral thoracotomy
    • Nomori H, Horio H, Fuyuno G, et al. Non-serratus sparing-antero-axillary thoracotomy with disconnection of anterior rib cartilage. Improvement in postoperative pulmonary function and pain in comparison to posterolateral thoracotomy. Chest 1997;111:572-6.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 572-576
    • Nomori, H.1    Horio, H.2    Fuyuno, G.3
  • 30
    • 0001107590 scopus 로고
    • Residual pain of 90 thoracotomy patients with malignancy and non-malignancy
    • Matsunaga M, Dan K, Manube FY, et al. Residual pain of 90 thoracotomy patients with malignancy and non-malignancy. Pain 1990;5(Suppl 5):S148.
    • (1990) Pain , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Matsunaga, M.1    Dan, K.2    Manube, F.Y.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0022627565 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pulmonary function tests for postthoracotomy pain using cryoanalgesia and transcutaneous nerve stimulation
    • Rooney S, Jain S, McCormack P, et al. A comparison of pulmonary function tests for postthoracotomy pain using cryoanalgesia and transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Ann Thorac Surg 1986;41:204-7.
    • (1986) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.41 , pp. 204-207
    • Rooney, S.1    Jain, S.2    McCormack, P.3
  • 33
    • 0013851199 scopus 로고
    • Pain mechanisms: A new theory
    • Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science 1965;150:971-9.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 971-979
    • Melzack, R.1    Wall, P.D.2
  • 34
    • 0031978499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic assessment of nerve impairment in posterolateral and muscle-sparing thoracotomy
    • Benedetti F, Vighetti S, Ricco C, et al. Neurophysiologic assessment of nerve impairment in posterolateral and muscle-sparing thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115: 841-7.
    • (1998) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.115 , pp. 841-847
    • Benedetti, F.1    Vighetti, S.2    Ricco, C.3
  • 35
    • 0029089012 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1N0 non-small cell lung cancer
    • Ginsberg RJ, Rubenstein LV. Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:615-23.
    • (1995) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.60 , pp. 615-623
    • Ginsberg, R.J.1    Rubenstein, L.V.2
  • 36
    • 0031002740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wedge resection versus lobectomy for stage I (T1N0M0) non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Landreneau RJ, Sugarbaker DJ, Mack MJ, et al. Wedge resection versus lobectomy for stage I (T1N0M0) non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;113:691-700.
    • (1997) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.113 , pp. 691-700
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Sugarbaker, D.J.2    Mack, M.J.3
  • 37
    • 0001426668 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative pain
    • Bonica JJ, editor. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger
    • Bonica JJ. Postoperative pain. In: Bonica JJ, editor. The Management of Pain. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1990. p. 461-80.
    • (1990) The Management of Pain , pp. 461-480
    • Bonica, J.J.1
  • 38
    • 0024027223 scopus 로고
    • The prevention of post-operative pain
    • Wall PD. The prevention of post-operative pain [editorial]. Pain 1988;33:289-90.
    • (1988) Pain , vol.33 , pp. 289-290
    • Wall, P.D.1
  • 39
    • 0031917920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-emptive effect of multimodal analgesia in thoracic surgery
    • Doyle E, Bowler GMR. Pre-emptive effect of multimodal analgesia in thoracic surgery. B J Anaesth 1998;80:147-51.
    • (1998) B J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 147-151
    • Doyle, E.1    Bowler, G.M.R.2
  • 40
    • 0027400797 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative indomethacin for pain relief after thoracotomy: Comparison with postoperative indomethacin
    • Murphy DF, Medley C. Preoperative indomethacin for pain relief after thoracotomy: Comparison with postoperative indomethacin. B J Anaesth 1993;70:298-300.
    • (1993) B J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 298-300
    • Murphy, D.F.1    Medley, C.2
  • 41
    • 0029016734 scopus 로고
    • Effect of timing of ketorolac administration on patient-controlled opioid use
    • Rogers JEG, Fleming BG, Macintosh KC, et al. Effect of timing of ketorolac administration on patient-controlled opioid use. B J Anaesth 1995;75:15-8.
    • (1995) B J Anaesth , vol.75 , pp. 15-18
    • Rogers, J.E.G.1    Fleming, B.G.2    Macintosh, K.C.3
  • 42
    • 0028229782 scopus 로고
    • Pre-emptive analgesia from intravenous administration of opioid
    • Wilson RJT, Leith S, Jackson IJB, et al. Pre-emptive analgesia from intravenous administration of opioid. Anaesthesia 1994;49:591-3.
    • (1994) Anaesthesia , vol.49 , pp. 591-593
    • Wilson, R.J.T.1    Leith, S.2    Jackson, I.J.B.3
  • 43
    • 0002214029 scopus 로고
    • Intrapleural analgesia
    • Sinatra RS, Hord AH, Ginsberg B, et al, editors. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book
    • Abraham ZA. Intrapleural analgesia. In: Sinatra RS, Hord AH, Ginsberg B, et al, editors. Acute Pain: Mechanisms and Management. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1992. p. 326-39.
    • (1992) Acute Pain: Mechanisms and Management , pp. 326-339
    • Abraham, Z.A.1
  • 44
    • 0028246220 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia and continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics
    • Richardson J, Sabanathan S, Mearns AJ, et al. Efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia and continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics. J Cardiovasc Surg 1994;35:219-28.
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Surg , vol.35 , pp. 219-228
    • Richardson, J.1    Sabanathan, S.2    Mearns, A.J.3
  • 45
    • 0030033873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of an early pre-emptive effect after thoracic extradural bupivacaine in thoracic surgery
    • Aguilar JL, Rincon R, Domingo V, et al. Absence of an early pre-emptive effect after thoracic extradural bupivacaine in thoracic surgery. Br J Anaesth 1996;76:72-6.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.76 , pp. 72-76
    • Aguilar, J.L.1    Rincon, R.2    Domingo, V.3
  • 46
    • 0025283662 scopus 로고
    • Limited lateral thoracotomy. Improved postoperative pulmonary function
    • Lemmer JH Jr, Gomez MN, Symreng T, et al. Limited lateral thoracotomy. Improved postoperative pulmonary function. Arch Surg 1990;125:873-7.
    • (1990) Arch Surg , vol.125 , pp. 873-877
    • Lemmer J.H., Jr.1    Gomez, M.N.2    Symreng, T.3
  • 49
    • 0023872525 scopus 로고
    • Muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy
    • Bethencourt DM, Holmes EC. Muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1988;45:337-9.
    • (1988) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.45 , pp. 337-339
    • Bethencourt, D.M.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 50
    • 0025261069 scopus 로고
    • The lateral limited thoracotomy incision: Standard for pulmonary operation
    • Mitchell RL. The lateral limited thoracotomy incision: Standard for pulmonary operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:590-6.
    • (1990) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.99 , pp. 590-596
    • Mitchell, R.L.1
  • 51
    • 0011743713 scopus 로고
    • A functional and cosmetically superior thoracotomy incision
    • Pecora DV. A functional and cosmetically superior thoracotomy incision. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1957;104:626-8.
    • (1957) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.104 , pp. 626-628
    • Pecora, D.V.1
  • 52
    • 0017091959 scopus 로고
    • Vertical axillary thoracotomy: A functional and cosmetically appealing incision
    • Baeza OR, Foster ED. Vertical axillary thoracotomy: a functional and cosmetically appealing incision. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22:287-8.
    • (1976) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.22 , pp. 287-288
    • Baeza, O.R.1    Foster, E.D.2
  • 53
    • 0029830281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic morbidity differences between muscle-sparing and standard lateral thoracotomies
    • Landreneau RJ, Pigula F, Luketich JD, et al. Acute and chronic morbidity differences between muscle-sparing and standard lateral thoracotomies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;112:1346-51.
    • (1996) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.112 , pp. 1346-1351
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Pigula, F.2    Luketich, J.D.3
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0026464872 scopus 로고
    • Video-assisted thoracic surgery: Basic technical concepts and intercostal approach strategies
    • Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Hazelrigg SR, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery: Basic technical concepts and intercostal approach strategies. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54: 800-7.
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , pp. 800-807
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Mack, M.J.2    Hazelrigg, S.R.3
  • 57
    • 0003069471 scopus 로고
    • Video-assisted thoracic surgical resection of benign pulmonary lesions
    • Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Hazelrigg SR, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgical resection of benign pulmonary lesions. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1993;3:283-97.
    • (1993) Chest Surg Clin N Am , vol.3 , pp. 283-297
    • Landreneau, R.J.1    Mack, M.J.2    Hazelrigg, S.R.3
  • 58
    • 0026802058 scopus 로고
    • One hundred consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic operations
    • Lewis RJ, Caccavale RJ, Sisler GE, et al. One hundred consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:421-6.
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , pp. 421-426
    • Lewis, R.J.1    Caccavale, R.J.2    Sisler, G.E.3
  • 59
    • 0026799368 scopus 로고
    • Present role of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest
    • Mack MJ, Aronoff RJ, Acuff TE, et al. Present role of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:403-9.
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , pp. 403-409
    • Mack, M.J.1    Aronoff, R.J.2    Acuff, T.E.3
  • 60
    • 0027362221 scopus 로고
    • Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule
    • Mack MJ, Hazelrigg SR, Landreneau RJ, et al. Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:825-32.
    • (1993) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.56 , pp. 825-832
    • Mack, M.J.1    Hazelrigg, S.R.2    Landreneau, R.J.3
  • 61
    • 0028874409 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing the indeterminate pulmonary nodule: Percutaneous biopsy versus thoracoscopy
    • Mitruka S, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, et al. Diagnosing the indeterminate pulmonary nodule: Percutaneous biopsy versus thoracoscopy. Surgery 1995;118:676-84.
    • (1995) Surgery , vol.118 , pp. 676-684
    • Mitruka, S.1    Landreneau, R.J.2    Mack, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 0027432901 scopus 로고
    • Video assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of T1 lung cancer in high risk patients
    • Shennib HA, Landreneau R, Mulder DS. Video assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of T1 lung cancer in high risk patients. Ann Surg 1993;218:555-60.
    • (1993) Ann Surg , vol.218 , pp. 555-560
    • Shennib, H.A.1    Landreneau, R.2    Mulder, D.S.3
  • 63
    • 0027366419 scopus 로고
    • Cost analysis for thoracoscopy: Thoracoscopic wedge resection
    • Hazelrigg SR, Nunchuck SK, Landreneau RJ, et al. Cost analysis for thoracoscopy: thoracoscopic wedge resection. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:633-5.
    • (1993) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.56 , pp. 633-635
    • Hazelrigg, S.R.1    Nunchuck, S.K.2    Landreneau, R.J.3
  • 64
    • 0028938403 scopus 로고
    • Lobectomy-video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle-sparing thoracotomy
    • Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Lobectomy-video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle-sparing thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:997-1001.
    • (1995) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.109 , pp. 997-1001
    • Kirby, T.J.1    Mack, M.J.2    Landreneau, R.J.3
  • 65
    • 0021269179 scopus 로고
    • Midline sternotomy for the treatment of primary pulmonary neoplasms
    • Asaph JW, Keppel JF. Midline sternotomy for the treatment of primary pulmonary neoplasms. Am J Surg 1984;147::589-92.
    • (1984) Am J Surg , vol.147 , pp. 589-592
    • Asaph, J.W.1    Keppel, J.F.2
  • 66
    • 0022651671 scopus 로고
    • Median sternotomy as a standard approach for pulmonary resection
    • Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA. Median sternotomy as a standard approach for pulmonary resection. Ann Thorac Surg 1986;41:130-4.
    • (1986) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.41 , pp. 130-134
    • Urschel H.C., Jr.1    Razzuk, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 0027366417 scopus 로고
    • Pain management principles of anesthesia techniques for thoracoscopy
    • Mulder DS. Pain management principles of anesthesia techniques for thoracoscopy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:630-2.
    • (1993) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.56 , pp. 630-632
    • Mulder, D.S.1
  • 69
    • 0003045769 scopus 로고
    • Pain assessment and measurement
    • Sinatra RS, Hord AH, Ginsberg B, et al, editors. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book
    • Paige D, Cioffi AM. Pain assessment and measurement. In: Sinatra RS, Hord AH, Ginsberg B, et al, editors. Acute Pain: Mechanisms and Management. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1992. p. 70-6.
    • (1992) Acute Pain: Mechanisms and Management , pp. 70-76
    • Paige, D.1    Cioffi, A.M.2
  • 70
    • 0022592001 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of postoperative ileus in humans
    • Condon R, Frantzides C, Cowles V. Resolution of postoperative ileus in humans. Ann Surg 1986;203:574-81.
    • (1986) Ann Surg , vol.203 , pp. 574-581
    • Condon, R.1    Frantzides, C.2    Cowles, V.3
  • 71
    • 0025059512 scopus 로고
    • Effect of indomethacin on pain relief after thoracotomy
    • Pavy T, Medley C, Murphy DF. Effect of indomethacin on pain relief after thoracotomy. Br J Anaesth 1990;65:624-7.
    • (1990) Br J Anaesth , vol.65 , pp. 624-627
    • Pavy, T.1    Medley, C.2    Murphy, D.F.3
  • 73
    • 0025128523 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics
    • Sabanathan S, Mearns AJ, Bickford-Smith PJ, et al. Efficacy of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics. Br J Surg 1990;7:221-5.
    • (1990) Br J Surg , vol.7 , pp. 221-225
    • Sabanathan, S.1    Mearns, A.J.2    Bickford-Smith, P.J.3
  • 74
    • 0023774879 scopus 로고
    • Continuous intercostal nerve block for pain relief after thoracotomy
    • Sabanathan S, Bickford-Smith PJ, Pradhan GN, et al. Continuous intercostal nerve block for pain relief after thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1988;46:425-6.
    • (1988) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.46 , pp. 425-426
    • Sabanathan, S.1    Bickford-Smith, P.J.2    Pradhan, G.N.3
  • 75
    • 0031424021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesia following thoracotomy: A survey of Australian practice
    • Cook TM, Riley RH. Analgesia following thoracotomy: A survey of Australian practice. Anaesth Intensive Care 1997;25:520-4.
    • (1997) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.25 , pp. 520-524
    • Cook, T.M.1    Riley, R.H.2
  • 76
    • 0031038502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of neurologic complications related to thoracic epidural catheterization
    • Giebler RM, Scherer RU, Peters J. Incidence of neurologic complications related to thoracic epidural catheterization. Anesthesiology 1997;86:55-63.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.86 , pp. 55-63
    • Giebler, R.M.1    Scherer, R.U.2    Peters, J.3
  • 77
    • 0030978472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of postoperative pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after thoracic operations
    • Benedetti F, Amanzio M, Casadio C, et al. Control of postoperative pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after thoracic operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:773-6.
    • (1997) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.63 , pp. 773-776
    • Benedetti, F.1    Amanzio, M.2    Casadio, C.3
  • 78
    • 0002621733 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvants to opioid analgesics
    • Patt RB, editor. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott
    • Bruera E, Ripamonti C. Adjuvants to opioid analgesics. In: Patt RB, editor. Cancer pain. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1993. p. 143-59.
    • (1993) Cancer Pain , pp. 143-159
    • Bruera, E.1    Ripamonti, C.2
  • 79
    • 0025740422 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathic pain can be relieved by drugs that are use dependent sodium channel blockers: Lidocaine, carbamazapine, and mexiletine
    • Tanelian DL, Brose WG. Neuropathic pain can be relieved by drugs that are use dependent sodium channel blockers: Lidocaine, carbamazapine, and mexiletine. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:949-51.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.74 , pp. 949-951
    • Tanelian, D.L.1    Brose, W.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.