Population genetic relationships between Mediterranean populations determined by HLA allele distribution and a historic perspective

Tissue Antigens

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 111-121

  Arnaiz Villena, A ^a,b   Gomez Casado, E ^a   Martinez Laso, J ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO 12 DE OCTUBRE   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Armenians; Aryans; Fulani; Greeks; HLA; Kurds; Macedonians; Mediterranean; Sub Saharan; Turks

Indexed keywords

HLA ANTIGEN;

ALGERIA; ARMENIA; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME 7; CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHIOPIA; GENE POOL; GENETIC DISTANCE; GENETIC MARKER; GREECE; HISTORY; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; IRAN; LINGUISTICS; MIDDLE EAST; MIGRATION; MOROCCO; NORTH AFRICA; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; POPULATION GENETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL POPULATION; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN; TURKEY (REPUBLIC); URBAN POPULATION; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ALLELE; ETHNIC GROUP; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; LANGUAGE; PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENY; THEORETICAL MODEL;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ALLELES; ETHNIC GROUPS; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETICS, POPULATION; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HLA ANTIGENS; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; LINGUISTICS; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENY; VARIATION (GENETICS);

EID: 0036702468     PISSN: 00012815     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600201.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Imanishi T, Wakisaka A, Gojobori T. Genetic relationships among various human populations indicated by MHC polymorphisms. In: Tsuji K, Aizawa M, Sasazuki T, eds. HLA 1991. Vol 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992: 627-32.
2. Clayton J, Lonjou C. Allele and haplotype frequencies for HLA loci in various ethnic groups. In: Charron D, ed. Genetic Diversity of HLA. Functional and Medical Implications. Vol 1. Paris: EDK, 1997: 665-820.
3. Terasaki PI. Histocompatibility Testing 1970. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970.
4. Kimura A, Sasazuki T. Eleventh International Histocompatibility Workshop reference protocol for the HLA-DNA typing technique. In: Tsuji T, Aizawa M, Sasazuki T, eds. HLA 1991, Vol I. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992: 397-419.
5. Bignon JD, Fernandez-Viña MA. Protocols of the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop for typing of HLA class II alleles by DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP). In: Charron D, ed. Genetic Diversity of HLA. Functional and Medical Implications. Vol I. Paris: EDK, 1997: 584-95.
6. Tilanus MGJ, Eliaou JF. HLA sequencing based typing: Strategy and overview. In: Charron D, ed. Genetic Diversity of HLA. Functional and Medical Implications. Vol I. Paris: EDK, 1997: 237-.
7. Degos L, Dausset J. Human migrations and linkage disequilibrium of HLA system. Immunogenetics 1974: 1: 195-210.
8. Brook JD, McCurrach ME, Harley HG et al. Molecular basis of Myotonic Dystrophy: Expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3′end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member. Cell 1992: 68: 799-808.
9. Pizzuti A, Friedman DL, Caskey C. The myotonic dystrophy gene. Ach Neurol 1993: 50: 1173-9.
10. Goldberg YP, Kremer B, Andrew SE et al. Molecular analysis of new mutations for Huntington's disease: Intermediate alleles and sex of origin effects. Nat Genet 1993: 5: 174-9.
11. Arnaiz-Villena A, Rodriguez de Córdoba S, Vela F, Pascual JC, Cerveró J, Bootello A. HLA antigens in a sample of the Spanish population: Common features among Spaniards, Basques, and Sardinians. Hum Genet 1981: 57: 317-21.
12. Martínez-Laso J, De Juan D, Martínez-Quiles N, Gómez-Casado E, Cuadrado E, Arnaiz-Villena A. The contribution of the HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR, -DQ DNA typing to the study of the origins of Spaniards and Basques. Tissue Antigens 1995: 45: 237-45.
13. Arnaiz-Villena A, Benmamar D, Álvarez M et al. HLA allele and Haplotype Frequencies in Algerians. Relatedness in Spaniards and Basques. Hum Immunol 1995: 43: 259-68.
14. Martínez-Laso J, Gazit E, Gómez-Casado E et al. HLA DR and DQ polymorphism in Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews: Comparison with other Mediterraneans. Tissue Antigens 1996: 47: 63-71.
15. Arnaiz-Villena A, Martínez-Laso J, Gómez-Casado E et al. Relatedness among Basques, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Algerian studied by HLA allelic frequencies and haplotypes. Immunogenetics 1997: 47: 37-43.
16. Arnaiz-Villena A, Iliakis P, González-Hevilla M et al. The origin of Cretan population as determined by characterizacion of HLA alleles. Tissue Antigens 1999: 53: 213-26.
17. Arnaiz-Villena A, Martinez-Laso J, Alonso-Garcia A. Iberia: Population genetics, anthropology, and linguistics. Hum Biol 1999: 71: 725-43.
18. Gomez-Casado E, del Moral P, Martinez-Laso J et al. HLA genes in Arabic-speaking Moroccans: Close relatedness to Berbers and Iberians. Tissue Antigens 2000: 55: 239-49.
19. Martinez-Laso J, Gomez-Casado E, Varela P et al. Genetic and historical relationships among Mediterraneans. In: Arnaiz-Villena A, ed. Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology and Linguistics. New York: Kluwer-Plenum, 2000: 3-32.
20. Arnaiz-Villena A, Dimitroski K, Pacho A et al. HLA genes in Macedonians and the sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks. Tissue Antigens 2001: 57: 118-27.
21. Arnaiz-Villena A, Karin M, Bendikuze N et al. HLA alleles and haplotypes in the Turkish population: Relatedness to Kurds, Armenians and other Mediterraneas. Tissue Antigens 2001: 57: 308-17.
22. Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973: 70: 3321-3.
23. Nei M, Tajima F, Tateno Y. Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. J Mol Evol 1983: 19: 153-70.
24. Excoffier L, Slatkin M. Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population. Mol Biol Evol 1995: 12: 921-7.
25. Young FW, Bann CM. A Visual Statistics system. In: Stine RA, Fox J, eds. Statistical Computing Environments for Social Researches. New York: Sage publications, 1996: 207-36.
26. Garcia-Fernandez E, Arrieta A, Rinon M et al. Genetic polymorphisms of HLA class I and class II system in the Basque population. Transplant Proc 1997: 29: 3707-9.
27. Ruhlen M. The Origin of Language. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1994.
28. Ruhlen M. The Basque language is included in the Dene-Caucasian language family. In: Arnaiz-Villena, ed. Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology and Linguistics. New York: Kluwer-Plenum, 2000: 197-204.
29. Arnaiz-Villena A, Alonso-García J. El Origen de los Vascos y Otros Pueblos Mediterráneos. Madrid: Editorial Complutense SA, 1998.
30. Arnaiz-Villena A, Alonso-García J. Minoicos, Cretenses y Vascos. Un Estudio Genético y Lingüístico. Madrid: Editorial Complutense SA, 1999.
31. Arnaiz-Villena A, Alonso-García J. Egipcios, Bereberes, Guanches y Vascos. Madrid: Editorial Complutense SA, 2000.
32. Arnaiz-Villena A, Alonso-Garcia J. The Usko-Mediterranean languages. In: Arnaiz-Villena A, ed. Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology and Linguistics. New York: Kluwer-Plenum, 2000: 205-46.
33. Arnaiz-Villena A, Alonso-García J. Caucasicos, Turcos, Mesopotamicos y Vascos. Madrid: Editorial Complutense SA, 2001.
34. Cavalli-Sforza L, Menozi P, Piazza A. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
35. Izaabel H, Garchon HJ, Caillat-Zucman S et al. HLA class II DNA polymorphism in a Moroccan population from the Souss, Agadir area. Tissue Antigens 1998: 51: 106-10.
36. Arnaiz-Villena A, Lubell D. Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, anthropology and linguistics. Curr Anthropol 2000: 41: 636-7.
37. Herodotus. History. Madrid: Ed. Gredos, 1989.
38. Bernal M. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. London: Free Association Books, New Brunswick, Rutger University Press, 1987.
39. Gonem A. The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World. Jesuralem: Jesuralem Publishing House Ltd., 1996: 143-5.
40. McEvedy C. The Penguin Atlas of African History. London: Ed. Penguin Books Ltd, 1980.
41. Lam AM. De l'Origine Egyptienne des Peuls. Paris: Khepera and Presence Africaine, 1996.
42. Hachid M. Les Premiers Berberes Entre Mediterranee. Aix-en-Provence: Ina-yas and Edisud, 2000.
43. Manley B. Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt. London: Penguin Books, 1996.
44. Molnar S. Human Variation. 4th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
45. Hennenberg M, Brace CL. Human skin colour was a measure of time in situ. Am J Phys Anthropol 2000: 30: 177.
46. Sturn RA, Box NF, Ramsay M. Human pigmentation genetics: The difference is only skin deep. Bio Assay 1998: 20: 712-21.
47. Morkott R. Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. London: Penguin Books, 1996.
48. Strabo. Geography V. 2,4. Madrid: Gredos, 1991.
49. Brega A, Scacchi R, Cuccia M, Kirdar B, Peloso G, Corbo RM. Study of 15 protein polymorphisms in a sample of the Turkish population. Hum Biol. 1998: 70: 715-28.
50. Macqueen JG. The Hittites. London: Thomes and Hudson, 1999.
51. Sellier J, Sellier A. Atlas des Peuples d'Orient. Paris: Editions La Découverte, 1993.
52. Steiner G. The intransitive-passival conception of the verb in languages of the ancient Near East. In: Plank F, ed. Ergativity: Towards a Theory of Grammatical Relation. New York: Academic Press, 1979: 185-216.
53. von Soden W. The Ancient Orient. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994.
54. Reade J. Mesopotamia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.
55. Mellaart J. The Neolithic of the Near East. New York: Scribner, 1975.
56. Izady M. Lecture on "Kurds" at Harvard University, 10 March, 1993. Kurdish Life 1993: 7.
57. Cotterel A. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilizations. London: Editorial Rainbird, 1980.
58. Renfrew C. Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo European Origins. London: Jonathan Cape, 1987.
59. Feuerstein G, Kak S, Frawley D. In Search of the Cradle of Civilization. Wheaton: Quest Books, 1995.
60. Roitberg-Tambur A, Witt CS, Friedmann A et al. Comparative analysis of HLA polymorphism at the serologic and molecular level in Moroccan and Ashkenazi Jews. Tissue Antigens 1995: 46: 104-10.
61. Imanishi T, Akaza T, Kimura A, Tokunaga K, Gojobori T. Allele and haplotype frequencies for HLA and complement loci in various ethnic groups. In: Tsuji K, Aizawa M, Sasazuki T, eds. HLA 1991. Vol I. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992: 1065-220.
62. Elvira MA. El Enigma Etrusco. Madrid: Historia 16, Historias del Viejo Mundo (No. 11), 1988.