Which depressions are related to life stress?

Acta Neuropsychiatrica

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 167-172

  Paykel, E S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Depression; Life events; Stress

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; MELANCHOLIA; ONSET AGE; PUBLICATION; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; RELAPSE; REMISSION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

EID: 0036697692     PISSN: 09242708     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140402.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Paykel ES, Cooper Z. Life events and social stress. In: Paykel ES, ed. Handbook of affective disorders, 2nd edn. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1992.
2. Paykel ES. Life events, social support and depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand: Suppl. 1994;377:50-58.
3. Paykel ES. Stress and affective disorders in humans. Seminars Clin Neuropsychiatr 2001;6:4-11.
4. Paykel ES. Contribution of life events to causation of psychiatric illness. Psychol Med 1978;8:245-253.
5. Paykel ES. Stress and life events. In: Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide, Vol. 2. Risk factors for youth suicide. DHHS publ. no. ADM 90-1622. Washington, DC: Superintendant of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 1989:110-130.
6. Paykel ES, Prusoff BA, Myers JK. Suicide attempts and recent life events: a controlled comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:327-337.
7. Slater J, Depue RA. The contribution of environmental events and social support to serious suicide attempts in primary depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1981;90:275-285.
8. Cohen-Sandler R, Berman AL, King RA. Life stress and symptomatology: determinants of suicidal behaviour in children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1982;21:178-186.
9. Brown GW, Ni Bhrolchain M, Harris TO. Psychotic and neurotic depression. Part 3: Aetiological and background factors. J Affect Disord 1979;1:195-211.
10. Benjaminsen S. Stressful life events preceding the onset of neurotic depression. Psychol Med 1981;11:369-368.
11. Matussek P, Neuner R. Loss events preceding endogenous and neurotic depressions. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1981;64:340-350.
12. Paykel ES, Rao BM, Taylor CN. Life stress and symptom pattern in outpatient depression. Psychol Med 1984;14:559-568.
13. Katschnig H, Berner P. The poly-diagnostic approach in psychiatric research. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Diagnosis and Classification of Mental Disorder and Alcohol and Drug Related Problems, Copenhagen, April 1982. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1984.
14. Monroe SM, Thase ME, Hersen M, Himmelhoch JM, Bellack AS. Life events and the endogenous-nonendogenous distinction in the treatment and posttreatment course of depression. Compr Psychiatry 1985;26:175-186.
15. Bebbington PE, Tennant C, Hurry J. Adversity and the nature of psychiatric disorder in the community. J Affect Disord 1981;3:345-366.
16. Roy A, Breier A, Doran AR, Pickar D. Life events in depression: relationships to subtypes. J Affect Disord 1985;9:143-148.
17. Dolan RJ, Calloway SP, Fonagy P, De Souza FVA, Wakeling A. Life events, depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147:429-433.
18. Brugha TS, Conroy R. Categories of depression: reported life events in a controlled design. Br J Psychiatry 1985;147:641-646.
19. Paykel ES. The interview for recent life events. Psychol Med 1996;27:301-310.
20. Brown GW, Harris TO, Hepworth C. Life events and endogenous depression: a puzzle re-examined. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:525-534.
21. Frank E, Anderson B, Reynolds CF, Rietnour A, Kupfer DJ. Life events and the Research Diagnostic Criteria endogenous type. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:519-524.
22. Ambelas A. Life events and mania: a special relationship? Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:235-240.
23. Kennedy S, Thompson R, Stancer HC, Roy A, Persad E. Life events precipitating mania. Br J Psychiatry 1983;142:398-403.
24. Joffe RT, MacDonald C, Kutcher SP. Life events and mania: a case-controlled study. Psychiatr Res 1989;30:213-216.
25. Sclare P, Creed F. Life events and the onset of mania. Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:508-514.
26. Malkoff-Schwartz S, Frank E, Anderson BP et al. Social rhythm disruption and stressful life events in the onset of bipolar and unipolar episodes. Psychol Med 2000;30:1005-1015.
27. Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M, Brown G, Jamison K. Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:1194-1198.
28. Hunt N, Bruce-Jones W, Silverstone T. Life events and relapse in bipolar affective disorder. J Affect Disord 1992;25:13-20.
29. Hall KS, Dunner DL, Zeller G, Fieve RR. Bipolar illness: a prospective study of life events. Compr Psychiatry 1977;18:497-502.
30. Aronson TA, Shukla S. Life events and relapse in bipolar disorder: the impact of a catastrophic event. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;75:571-576.
31. Paykel ES, Emms EM, Fletcher J, Rassaby ES. Life events and social support in puerperal depression. Br J Psychiatry 1980;136:339-346.
32. Watson JP, Elliot SA, Rugg AJ, Brough DI. Psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. Br J Psychiatry 1984;144:453-462.
33. O'Hara MW. Social support, life events and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. Arch General Psychiatry 1986;43:569-573.
34. Cooper PJ, Stein A. Life events and postnatal depression: the Oxford study. In: Cox JL, Paykel ES, Page ML, eds. Current approaches: childbirth as a life event. Southampton: Duphar Laboratories Ltd, 1989:38-45.
35. Dowlatshahi D, Paykel ES. Life events and social stress in puerperal psychoses: absence of effect. Psychol Med 1990;20:655-662.
36. Brockington IF, Martin C, Brown GW, Goldberg D, Margison F. Stress and puerperal psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1990;157:331-334.
37. Marks MN, Wieck A, Checkley SA, Kumar R. Contribution of psychological and social factors to psychotic and non-psychotic relapse after childbirth in women with previous histories of affective disorder. J Affect Disord 1992;29:253-264.
38. Roy A, Thompson R, Kennedy S. Depression in chronic schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1983;142:465-470.
39. Prusoff B, Thompson WD, Sholomskas D, Riordan C. Psychosocial stressors and depression among former heroin-dependent patients maintained on methadone. J Nerv Ment Dis 1977;165:57-63.
40. Fowler RC, Liskow BI, Tanna VL. Alcoholism, depression and life events. J Affect Disord 1980;2:127-135.
41. Roy A, Custer R, Lorenz Linnoila M. Depressed pathological gamblers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988;77:163-165.
42. Tennant C, Bebbington P, Hurry J. The short-term outcome of neurotic disorders in the community: the relation of remission to clinical factors and to 'neutralising' life events. Br J Psychiatry 1981;139:213-220.
43. Parker G, Blignault I, Manicavasagar V. Neurotic depression: delineation of symptom profiles and their relation to outcome. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:15-23.
44. Lloyd C, Zisook S, Click M, Jaffe KD. Life events and response to antidepressants. J Hum Stress 1981;7:2-15.
45. Murphy E. The prognosis of depression in old age. Br J Psychiatry 1983;142:111-119.
46. Leenstra AS, Ormel J, Giel R. Positive life change and recovery from depression and anxiety: a three stage longitudinal study of primary care attenders. Br J Psychiatry 1995;166:333-343.
47. Brown GW, Adler Z, Bifulco A. Life events, difficulties and recovery from chronic depression. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:487-498.
48. Surtees PG. Social support, residual adversity and depressive outcome. Soc Psychiatry 1980;15:71-80.
49. Paykel ES, Tanner J. Life events, depressive relapse and maintenance treatment. Psychol Med 1976;6:481-485.
50. Giel R, Ten Horn GHMM, Ormel J, Schudel WJ, Wiersma O. Mental illness, neuroticism and life events in a Dutch village sample: a follow up. Psychol Med 1978;8:235-243.
51. Mendlewicz J, Charon F, Linkowski P. Life events and the dexamethasone suppression test in affective illness. J Affect Disord 1986;10:203-206.
52. Andrew B, Hawton K, Fagg J, Westbrook D. Do psychosocial factors influence outcome in severely depressed female psychiatric outpatients? Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163:747-754.
53. Paykel ES, Cooper Z, Ramana R, Hayhurst H. Life events, social support and marital relationships in the outcome of severe depression. Psychol Med 1996;26:121-133.
54. Perris H. Life events and depression, part 2. Results in diagnostic subgroups, and in relation to the recurrence of depression. J Affect Disord 1984;7:25-36.
55. Ezquiaga E, Gutierrez JLA, Lopez AG. Psychosocial factors and episode number in depression. J Affect Disord 1987;12:135-138.
56. Cassano GB, Akiskal HS, Musetti L, Perugi G, Soriani A, Mignani V. Psychopathology, temperament and past course in primary major depression. Psychopathol 1989; 22:278-288.
57. Ghaziuddin M, Ghaziuddin N, Stein GS. Life events and the recurrence of depression. Can J Psychiatry 1990;35:239-242.
58. Bruce ML. Divorce and psychopathology. In: Dohrewnwend BP, ed. Adversity, stress and psychopathology. UK: Oxford University Press, 1997:219-234.
59. Kendler KS, Thornton LM, Gardner CO. Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: an evaluation of the 'kindling' hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1243-1251.
60. Paykel ES, Scott J, Teasdale JD, Johnson AL et al. Prevention of relapse in residual depression by cognitive therapy. A controlled trial. Arch General Psychiatry 1999; 56:829-835.