The complexities and potential of theorizing gender, caste, race, and class

Feminist Economics

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 3-17

  Brewer, Rose M ^a   Conrad, Cecilia A ^b   King, Mary C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b POMONA COLLEGE   (United States)

^c PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Caste; Class; Feminist Economics; Gender; Intersectionality; Race

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036663674     PISSN: 13545701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1354570022000019038     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Akerlof, George and Rachel Kranton. 2000. "Economics and Identity." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(3): 715-754.
2. Amott, Teresa and Julie Matthaei. 1996. Race, Gender and Work: A Multi-Cultural Economic History of Women in the United States. Boston, MA: South End Press.
3. Avalos, Manuel. 1996. "Gender Inequality: Sorting Out the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in the Anglo Male-Latino Female Earnings Gap." Sociological Perspectives 39(4): 497-515.
4. Baker, Susan Gonzalez. 1999. "Mexican-Origin Women in Southwestern Labor Markets," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
5. Baron, Harold. 1971. "The Demand for Black Labor: Historical Notes on the Political Economy of Racism." Radical America 5 (2): 1-46.
6. Beneria, Lourdes. 1979. "Reproduction, Production and the Sexual Division of Labour." Cambridge Journal of Economics 3 (3): 203-25.
7. Blau, Francine and Andrea Beller. 1992. "Black-White Earnings Over the 1970s and the 1980s: Gender Differences in Trends." Review of Economics and Statistics 74(2): 276-86.
8. Bound, John and Laura Dresser. 1999. "Losing Ground: The Erosion of the Relative Earnings of African American Women During the 1980s," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latina and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
9. Brewer, Rose M. 1993. "'Theorizing Race, Class and Gender: The New Scholarship of Black Feminist Intellectuals and Black Women's Labor," in Theorizing Black Feminisms: The Visionary Pragmatism of Black Women. London: Routledge.
10. Browne, Irene, Julie Press and Leann Tigges. 2001. "Inequality Through Labor Markets, Firms and Families: The Intersection of Gender and Race-Ethnicity Across Three Cities," in Alice O'Connor, Chris Tilly, and Lawrence D. Bobo (eds.) Urban Inequality: Evidence From Four Cities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
11. Burbridge, Lynn. 1994. "The Reliance of African American Women on Government and Third Sector Employment." American Economic Review 84(2): 103-7.
12. _. 1997. "Black Women in the History of African American Economic Thought: A Critical Essay," in Thomas Boston (ed.) A Different Vision: African American Economic Thought, Vol. 1. London and New York: Routledge.
13. Catanzarite, Lisa. 1993. "Changing Access or Deteriorating Earnings? Race-Gender Composition and Earnings in Occupations." Unpublished paper.
14. _ and Myra H. Strober. 1988. "Occupational Attractiveness and Race-Gender Segregation, 1960-1980." Unpublished paper.
15. Collins, Patricia Hill. 1986. "Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought." Social Problems 33: S14-S32.
16. _. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Harper Collins Academics.
17. Conrad, Cecilia. 2001. "Racial Trends in Labor Market Access and Wages: Women," in Neil J. Smelser, William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell (eds.) America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Vol II. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
18. Corcoran, Mary and Greg Duncan. 1979. "Work History, Labor Force Attachment, and Earnings Differences between the Races and Sexes." Journal of Human Resources 14(1): 3-20.
19. _, Colleen M. Heflin, and Belinda Reyes. 1999. "The Economic Progress of Mexican and Puerto Rican Women," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
20. Cox, Oliver. 1981. Caste, Class and Race. New York: Monthly Review Press.
21. Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1991. "Women of Color at the Center: Selections from the Third National Conference on Women of Color and the Law: Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color." Stanford Law Review (July).
22. Darity, William, David K. Guilkey, and William Winfrey. 1996. "Explaining Differences in Economic Performance Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the USA: The Data Examined." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 55(4): 411-26.
23. England, Paula, Karen Christopher, and Lori Reid. 1999. "Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Wages," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
24. Folbre, Nancy. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. London and New York: Routledge.
25. Fosu, Augustin. 1992. "Occupational Mobility of Black Women, 1958-1981: The Impact of Post-1964 Antidiscrimination Measures." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45 (2): 281-94.
26. Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 1992. "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor." Signs 18: 1-43.
27. Hartmann, Heidi. 1976. "Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex," in Martha Blaxall and Barbara Reagan (eds.) Women and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Holzer, Harry. 1998. "Barriers to Higher Employment Rates Among African Americans," in Wilhehnina Leigh and Margaret Simms (eds.) Job Creation Prospects & Strategies. Lanham, Md.: University, Press of America.
29. Hull, Gloria T., Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith. 1982. All the Women are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave. Westbury, NY: Feminist Press.
30. Human Rights Watch. 2001. "Caste: Asia's Hidden Apartheid." Internet document http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/caste/presskit.htm#8. Retrieved August 7, 2002.
31. Humphries, Jane. 1977. "Class Struggle and the Persistence of the Working-Class Family," Cambridge Journal of Economies 1 (3): 241-58.
32. James, P.D. 1962. Cover Her Face. NewYork: Warner Books.
33. Jones, Barbara A. 1985. "Black Women and Labor Force Participation: An Analysis of Sluggish Growth Rates," in Slipping Through the Cracks: The Status of Black Women, A Special Issue of the Review of Black Political Economy 14 (1-2): 11-31.
34. Kaminsky, Amy. 1993. Reading the Body Politic: Feminist Criticism and Latin American Women Writers. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
35. Kilbourne, Barbara, Paula England, and Kurt Beton. 1994. "Effects of Individual, Occupational, and Industrial Characteristics on Earnings: intersections of Race and Gender." Social Forces 72 (4): 1149-76.
36. Kim, Marlene. 1997. "Poor Women Survey Poor Women: Feminist Perspectives in Survey Research." Feminist Economics 3(2): 99-117.
37. King, Deborah. 1988. "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 14(1): 42-61.
38. King, Mary C. 1993. "Black Women's Breakthrough into Clerical Work: An Occupational Tipping Model." Journal of Economic Issues 27(4): 1097-125.
39. _. 1998. "Are African Americans Losing Their Footholds in Better Jobs?" Journal of Economic Issues 32 (3): 641-68.
40. Lapidus, June and Deborah M. Figart. 1998. "Remedying 'Unfair Acts:' US Pay Equity by Race and Gender." Feminist Economics 4(3): 7-28.
41. Malveaux, Julianne. 1984. "Low Wage Black Women: Occupational Descriptions, Strategies for Change." Unpublished paper prepared for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.
42. _. 1986. "Comparable Worth and Its Impact on Black Women," in Margaret Simms and Julianne Malveaux (eds.) Slipping Through the Cracks: The Status of Black Women. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
43. Mason, Patrick L. 2001. "Annual Income and Identity Formation among Persons of Mexican Descent," American Economic Review 91 (2): 178-83.
44. McClintock, Anne. 1995. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York and London: Routledge.
45. McCrate, Elaine. 1990. "Labor Market Segmentation and Relative Black/White Teenage Birth Rates." Review of Black Political Economy 18 (4): 37-53.
46. _ and Laura Leete. 1994. "Black-White Wage Differences Among Young Women, 1977-1986." Industrial Relations 33(2): 168-83.
47. Miles, Angela. 1998. "North American Feminisms/Global Feminisms: Contradictory or Complementary?" in Obioma Nnaemeka (ed.) Sisterhood, Feminisms and Power.' From Africa to the Diaspora. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
48. Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944 [1964]. An American Dilemma. New York: McGraw-Hill.
49. Neal, Derek A. and William R. Johnson. 1996. "The Role of Premarket Factors in Black-White Wage Differences." Journal of Political Economy 104: 869-95.
50. Nnaemeka, Obioma. 1998. "Introduction: Reading the Rainbow," in Obioma Nnaemeka (ed.) Sisterhood, Feminisms and Power: From Africa to the Diaspora. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
51. Oyewumi, Oyeronke. 1997. The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
52. Reimers, Cordelia. 1985. "Cultural Differences in the Labor Supply Among Married Women." American Economic Review 75 (2): 252-55.
53. Reskin, Barbara F. 1999. "Occupational Segregation by Race and Ethnicity Among Women Workers," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
54. _ and Camille Z. Charles. 1999. "Now You See 'Em, Now You Don't: Race, Ethnicity and Gender in Labor Market Research," in Irene Browne (ed.) Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender and Economic Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
55. Roberts, Dorothy. 1997. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York: Pantheon Books.
56. Spriggs, William and Rhonda M. Williams. 1996. "A Logit Decomposition Analysis of Occupational Segregation: Results for the 1970s and 1980s." Review of Economics and Statistics 78(2): 348-55.
57. Wallace, Phyllis. 1986. "A Research Agenda on the Economic Status of Black Women," in Margaret C. Simms and Julianne Malveaux (eds.) Slipping Through the Cracks: the Status of Black Women. New Brunswick, NJ: Transactions Press.
58. Williams, Rhonda M. (1993) "Race, Destruction, and the Emergent Agenda of Feminist Economic Theory," in Marianne A. Ferber and Julie A. Nelson (eds.) Beyond Economic Man Feminist Theory and Economics. Chicago and London: Universtity of Chicago Press.
59. Zalokar, Nadja. 1990. The Economic Status of Black Women: An Exploratory Investigation. Washington, DC: US Commission of Civil Rights.