'Like a friend going round': Reducing the stigma attached to mental healthcare in rural communities

Health and Social Care in the Community

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 229-238

  Crawford, P ^a   Brown, Brian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Clients and patients; Focus groups; Mental health; Stigma; Users

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MANPOWER; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; MENTAL PATIENT; NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; FOCUS GROUPS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MENTALLY ILL PERSONS; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; STATE MEDICINE; STEREOTYPING;

EID: 0036636608     PISSN: 09660410     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2524.2002.00362.x     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Audit Commission (1994) Finding a Place: A Review of Mental Health Services for Adults. HMSO, London.
2. Bar-Levav R. (1976) The stigma of seeing a psychiatrist. American Journal of Psychotherapy 30, 473-482.
3. Barry M.M., Doherty A., Hope A., Sixsmith J. & Kelleher C.C. (2000) A community needs assessment for rural mental health. Health Education Research 15 (3), 293-304.
4. Bord R.J. (1970) Rejection of the mentally ill: continuities and further developments. Social Problems 18, 490-512.
5. Britten N. (1998) Psychiatry, stigma and resistance. British Medical Journal 317, 963-964.
6. Buckwalter K.C., Abraham I.L., Smith M. & Smullen D.E. (1993) Nursing outreach to rural elderly people who are mentally ill. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44 (9), 821-823.
7. Burstow B. (1992) Radical Feminist Therapy. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
8. Byrne P. (2000) Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 6 (2), 65-72.
9. Cartwright A. (1980) The attitudes of helping agents towards the alcoholic client: the influence of experience, support, training and self-esteem. British Journal of Addiction 75, 413-431.
10. Chamberlin J. (1994) A psychiatric survivor speaks out. Feminism and Psychology 4 (2), 284-287.
11. Clausen J. (1981) Stigma and mental disorder: phenomena and terminology. Psychiatry 44 (4), 287-296.
12. Cochrane R. & Nieradzik K. (1985) Public attitudes towards mental illness - the effects of behaviour, roles, and psychiatric labels. International Journal of Psychiatry 31 (1), 23-33.
13. D'Arcy C. & Brockman J. (1961) Deviance disavowal: the management of strained interaction by the visibly handicapped. Social Problems 9, 120-132.
14. Denzin N. & Lincoln Y.S. (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
15. Doll W., Thompson E., Jr & Lefton M. (1976) Beneath acceptance: dimensions of family affect towards former mental patients. Social Science and Medicine 10 (6), 307-313.
16. Edwards K. (2000) Service users and mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 7, 555-565.
17. Emerick R.E. (1996) Mad liberation: the sociology of knowledge and the ultimate civil rights movement. Journal of Mind and Behaviour 17 (2), 135-160.
18. Everett B. (1994) Something is happening: the contemporary consumer and psychiatric survivor movement in historical context. Journal of Mind and Behaviour 15 (1-2), 55-70.
19. Farina A. & Ring K. (1965) The influence of perceived mental illness on interpersonal relations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70, 47-51.
20. Freeling P. (1990) Psychological problems in general practice. British Journal of Medical Psychology 63 (1), 89-90.
21. Freeling P., Rao B.M. & Paykel E.S. (1985) Unrecognised depression in general practice. British Medical Journal 290, 1880-1883.
22. Freeman H.D. & Simmons O.G. (1961) Feelings of stigma among relatives of former mental patients. Social Problems 8, 312-321.
23. Fuller J., Edwards J., Procter N. & Moss J. (2000) How definition of mental health problems can influence help seeking in rural and remote communities. Australian Journal of Rural Health 8 (3), 148-153.
24. Gask L. (1999) A course in mental health skills for general practitioners in Manchester. In: M. Tansella & G. Thornicroft (Eds) Common Mental Disorders in Primary Care, pp. 79-93. Routledge, London.
25. Glaser E.G. & Strauss A. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Aldine, Chicago, IL.
26. Goffman E. (1961) Asylums. Doubleday, New York, NY.
27. Goffman E. (1967) Interaction Rituals: Essays in Face-to-Face Behaviour. Aldine, Chicago, IL.
28. Goldmeir J., Shore M. & Mannino F. (1977) Co-operative apartments: new programs in community mental health. Health and Social Work 2 (1), 120-140.
29. Goodwin A. (2000) Leaving the asylum: a psychodynamic observational study of a move from a long stay psychiatric ward to the community. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 46, 21-33.
30. Hausman D. & Le Grand J. (1999) Incentives and health policy: primary and secondary care in British National Health Service. Social Science and Medicine 49, 1299-1307.
31. Herman N. (1993) Return to sender: reintegrative stigma-management strategies of ex-psychiatric patients. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22 (3), 295-330.
32. Herman N.J. & Musolf G.R. (1998) Resistance among ex-psychiatric patients. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 26 (4), 426-449.
33. Hoyt D.R., Conger R.D., Valde J.G. & Weihs K. (1997) Psychological distress and help seeking in rural America. American Journal of Community Psychology 25 (4), 449-470.
34. Jenkins R., Newton J. & Young R. (1992) The Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: the Role of the Primary Care Team. HMSO, London.
35. Kendrick T., Sibbald B., Burns T. & Freeling P. (1991) Role of general practitioners in the care of long term mentally ill patients. British Medical Journal 302, 508-510.
36. King M., Broster G., Lloyd M. & Horder J. (1994) Controlled trials in the evaluation of counselling in general practice. British Journal of General Practice. 44, 229-232.
37. Kreisman D.E. & Joy V.D. (1974) Family responses to the mental illness of a relative: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1 (10), 34-57.
38. Lamy R.E. (1966) Social consequences of mental illness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70, 47-51.
39. Miller D. & Dawson W. (1965) Effects of stigma on reemployment of ex-mental patents. Mental Hygiene 49, 281-287.
40. Moscovici S. (1976) La psychoanalyse: son image et son public, rev. edn. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
41. Nunnally J. (1961) Popular Conceptions of Mental Health. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
42. Ostman M., Hansson L. & Andersson K. (2000) Family burden, participation in care and mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 46 (3), 191-200.
43. Philo G. (1996) Media and Mental Distress. Longman, London.
44. Rabinowitz J. (1982) Shared ethnicity as a correlation of acceptance of the formerly hospitalised mentally ill. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 9, 534-540.
45. Rathbone-McCuan E. (1994) Rural geriatric mental health care: a continuing service dilemma. In: C. Bull (Ed) Aging in Rural America, pp. 146-160. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
46. Roberts L.W., Battaglia J. & Epstein R.S. (1999) Frontier ethics: mental health care needs and ethical dilemmas in rural communities. Psychiatric Services 50 (4), 497-503.
47. Roth A.L. (1995) Men wearing masks: issues of description in the analysis of ritual. Sociological Theory 13, 301-327.
48. Scheff T. (1966) Being Mentally Ill: A Sociological Theory. Aldine, Chicago, IL.
49. Segal S.R., Baumohi J. & Moyies E.W. (1980) Neighbourhood types and community reaction to the mentally ill: a paradox of intensity. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 21, 345-359.
50. Shepherd M., Cooper B. & Brown A.C. (1966) Psychiatric Illness in General Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
51. Sommers I. (1989) Geographic isolation and mental health services utilisation among the chronically mentally ill. Community Mental Health Journal 25 (2), 132-144.
52. Steele T.W. (1996) The experience of being a psychiatric nurse in the rural community. PhD Thesis, The Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH.
53. Strauss A.L. & Corbin J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
54. Taylor S.M., Dear M. & Hall. G. (1979) Attitudes toward the mentally ill and reactions to mental health facilities. Social Science and Medicine 13, 281-290.
55. Trute B. & Loewen A. (1978) Public attitudes toward the mentally ill as a function of prior personal experience. Social Psychiatry 13, 79-84.
56. Tylee A. (1999) Training the whole primary care team. In: M. Tansella & G. Thornicroft (Eds) Common Mental Disorders in Primary Care, pp. 123-137. Routledge, London.
57. Wainer J. & Chesters J. (2000) Rural mental health: neither romanticism nor despair. Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, 141-147.
58. Webber A. & Orcutt J.D. (1982) Employers' reaction to racial and psychiatric stigmata: a field experiment. Paper presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, San Francisco, CA, 15-17 August 1982.
59. Whatley C.D. (1959) Social attitudes toward discharged mental patents. Social Problems 6, 313-320.