Statins in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 131-136

  Crisby, Milita ^a   Carlson, Lars A ^a   Winblad, Bengt ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Cholesterol; Statins

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID PROTEIN; ATORVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; COMPACTIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN CIRCULATION; BRAIN INFARCTION; DEMENTIA; DRUG MECHANISM; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENZYME REGULATION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPROTECTION; OBSERVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STEROID METABOLISM; STROKE; VASCULAR DISEASE;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036630634     PISSN: 08930341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002093-200207000-00001     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The 4S study
2. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Some points of confluence
3. Mevastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduces stroke damage and upregulates nitric oxide synthase in mice
4. Trophic effect of betaamyloid precursor protein on cerebral cortical neurons in culture
5. Atherosclerosis: Basic mechanisms. Oxidation, inflammation and genetics
6. Requirements for mevalonate in acetylated LDL induction of cholesterol esterification in macrophages
7. Cholesterol homeostasis in human brain: Turnover of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and evidence for a cerebral origin of most of this oxysterol in the circulation
8. Cholesterol modulates (-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein
9. Cardiovascular disease and the distribution of cognitive function in an elderly population. The Rotterdam Study
10. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families
11. Pravastatin content increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases and cell death in human carotid plaques: Implications for plaque stabilization
12. An update on the statins
13. Low-density lipoprotein-independent effects of statins
14. Cerebromicrovascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease compared with normal aging
15. Alzheimer's disease as a vascular disorder: Nosological evidence
16. Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
17. Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptide Aβ42 and Aβ40 in vitro and in vivo
18. Cholesterol decreases secretion of amyloid precursor protein by interferring with glycolisation in the protein secretory pathway
19. Amyloid beta-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism
20. Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis
21. Apoplipoprotein E and cholesterol affect neuronal calcium signalling: The possible relationship to betaamyloid neurotoxicity
22. Possible causes of Alzheimer disease: Amyloid fragments, free radicals, and calcium homeostasis
23. Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent amyloid deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
24. Modulation of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein and amyloid peptide in brain by cholesterol
25. Statins and risk of dementia
26. The precursor of amyloid A protein resembles a cell-surface receptor
27. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Longitudinal, population based study
28. Low cholesterol stimulates the nonamyloidogenic pathways by its effect on the a-secretase ADAM 10
29. Neuroprotection mediated by changes in endothelial actin cytoskeleton
30. Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPase
31. Secretion of Alzheimer's disease Abeta amyloid peptide by activated human platelets
32. Reduction of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol (Cerebrosterol) levels using high-dosage simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia
33. Reduced levels of antioxidants in brains of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice following closed head injury
34. Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol (Cerebrosterol) is increased in Alzheimer's and vascular demented patients
35. Altered blood-brain barrier function in Alzheimer's disease
36. Apolipoprotein E exhibits isoform-specific promotion of lipid efflux from astrocytes and neurons in culture
37. Pore formation by the cytotoxic islet amyloid peptide amylin
38. The relationship between senile plaques and cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Morphological mechanism of senile plaque production
39. Novel domain specific actions of amyloid precursor protein on developing synapses
40. Inhibition of proliferation of human smooth muscle cells by various HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Comparison with other human cell types
41. Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin, CARE
42. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of amyloid β-peptide
43. Secretory process of amyloid precursor protein is inhibited by increase in cell cholesterol content
44. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer's amyloid pathology in transgenic mouse models
45. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels
46. Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk for dementia in community-dwelling elderly people
47. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by pravastatin
48. Kupio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerosis progression in carotid and femoral arteries
49. Secreted amyloid beta-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease
50. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in West of Scotland Prevention Study Group
51. Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of β-amyloid in hippocampal neurons
52. Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation
53. A heparin-binding domain in the amyloid protein precursor is involved in regulation of neurite outgrowth
54. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
55. Cortical senile plaques in coronary artery disease, aging and Alzheimer's disease
56. Alterations of Alzheimer's disease in the cholesterol-fed rabbit, including vascular inflammation
57. Link between hear disease, cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: A review
58. Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis
59. Beta-amyloid-mediated vasoactivity and endothelial cell damage
60. Statins do more than just lower cholesterol
61. Pravastatin has cholesterol-lowering independent effects on the artery wall of atherosclerotic monkeys
62. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors
63. Amyloid peptides are cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes
64. Loss of endosomal/lysosomal membrane impermeability is an early event in amyloid Abeta1-42 pathogenesis
65. Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the APP associated with Alzheimer's disease
66. Evidence that A beta 42 is the real culprit in Alzheimer's disease
67. Modulation of inflammatory mediators and PPARγ and NFκB expression by pravastatin in response to lipoproteins in human monocytes in vitro