The smoker's paradox: Insights from the angiographic substudies of the TIMI trials

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 133-139

  Angeja, B G ^a   Kermgard, S ^a   Chen, M S ^a   McKay, M ^b   Murphy, S A ^b   Antman, E M ^b   Cannon, C P ^b   Braunwald, E ^b   Gibson, C M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute myocardial infarction; Coronary flow; Thrombolysis; Tobacco smoking

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; ANISTREPLASE; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CIGARETTE SMOKE; CREATINE KINASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HEPARIN; TENECTEPLASE;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGED; ANGIOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BLOOD FLOW; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EPICARDIUM; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH STATUS; HEART MUSCLE PERFUSION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OPEN STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; SMOKING; SMOKING HABIT; ST SEGMENT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; THORAX PAIN; TISSUE PERFUSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR DISEASE; BLOOD; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART INFARCTION; MICROCIRCULATION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADULT; ANGIOGRAPHY; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MICROCIRCULATION; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036624585     PISSN: 09295305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1020470721977     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Njolstad I, Arnesen E, Lund-Larsen PG. Smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure, and sex differences in myocardial infarction. A 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study. Circulation 1996;93:450-456.
2. Mueller HS, Cohenn LS, Braunwald E, et al. Predictors of early morbidity and mortality after thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Analyses of patient subgroups in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial, phase II. Circulation 1992;85:1254-1264.
3. Barbash GI, White HD, Modan M, et al. Significance of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Experience gleaned from the international tissue plasminogen activator/streptokinase mortality trial. Circulation 1993;87:53-58.
4. Barbash GI, Reiner J, White HD, et al. Evaluation of paradoxic beneficial effects of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: mechanism of the "smoker's paradox" from the GUSTO-I trial, with angiographic insights. Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue-plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1995;26:1222-1229.
5. Grines CL, Topol EJ, O'Neill WW, et al. Effect of cigarette smoking on outcome after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;91:298-303.
6. Gottlieb S, Boyko V, Zahger D, et al. Smoking and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era (Israeli Thrombolytic National Survey). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1996;28:1506-1513.
7. Gomez MA, Karagounis LA, Allen A, Anderson JL, Effect of cigarette smoking on coronary patency after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. TEAM-2 Investigators. Second multicenter thrombolytic trials of eminase in acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 1993;72:373-378.
8. Hasdai D, Lerman A, Rihal CS, et al. Smoking status and outcome after primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 1999;137:612-620.
9. Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, et al. Relationship of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade to mortality after administration of thrombolytic drugs. Circulation 2000;101:125-130.
10. Lincoff AM, Topol EJ, Califf RM, et al. Significance of a coronary artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 2 flow "patency"; (outcome in the thrombolysis and angioplasty in myocardial infarction trials). Thrombolysis and angioplasty in myocardial infarction study group. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:871-876.
11. Gibson CM, Ryan KA, Murphy SA, et al. Impaired coronary blood flow in nonculprit arteries in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The TIMI study group. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:974-982.
12. Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Diver DJ, et al. Comparison of front-loaded recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, anistreplase and combination thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 4 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1602-1610.
13. Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Gibson CM, et al. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 10A dose-ranging trial. Circulation 1997;95:351-356.
14. Cannon CP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, et al. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 10B Investigators. Circulation 1998;98:2805-2814.
15. Antman EM, Gibson CM, de Lemos JA, et al. Combination reperfusion therapy with abciximab and reduced dose reteplase: results from TIMI 14. Eur Heart J 2000;21:1944-1953.
16. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. Phase I findings. TIMI study group. N Engl J Med 1985;312:932-936.
17. Gibson CM, Murphy SA, Rizzo MJ, et al. Relationship between TIMI frame count and clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) study group. Circulation 1999;99:1945-1950.
18. Claeys MJ, Bosmans J, Veenstra L, Jorens P, De Raedt H, Vrints CJ. Determinants and prognostic implications of persistent ST-segment elevation after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: importance of microvascular reperfusion injury on clinical outcome. Circulation 1999;99:1972-1977.
19. de Lemos JA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, et al. ST-segment resolution and infarct-related artery patency and flow after thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:299-304.
20. Schroder R, Wegscheider K, Schroder K, Dissmann R, Meyer-Sabellek W. Extent of early ST segment elevation resolution: a strong predictor of outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction and a sensitive measure to compare thrombolytic regimens. A substudy of the international joint efficacy comparison of thrombolytics (INJECT) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1657-1664.
21. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, et al. TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation. An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation 2000;102:2031-2037.
22. Madsen MM, Bottcher M, Toftegaard Nielsen T, Czernin J. Altered regulation of the myocardial microcirculation in young smokers. Cardiology 2000;94:91-98.
23. Czernin J, Sun K, Brunken R, Bottcher M, Phelps M, Schelbert H. Effect of acute and long-term smoking on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Circulation 1995;91:2891-2897.
24. Tanaka T, Oka Y, Tawara I, Sada T, Kira Y. Acute effects of nicotine content in cigarettes on coronary flow velocity and coronary flow reserve in men. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:1275-1278, A9.
25. Zalokar JB, Richard JL, Claude JR. Leukocyte count, smoking, and myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 1981;304:465-468.
26. Barron HV, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Braunwald E, Gibson CM. Association between white blood cell count, epicardial blood flow, myocardial perfusion, and clinical outcomes in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: a thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 10 substudy. Circulation 2000;102:2329-2334.
27. Lee KL, Woodlief LH, Topol EJ, et al. Predictors of 30-day mortality in the era of reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction. Results from an international trial of 41,021 patients. GUSTO-I Investigators. Circulation 1995;91:1659-1668.
28. Kannel WB, Schatzkin A. Sudden death: lessons from subsets in population studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1985;5:141B-149B.
29. Escobedo LG, Zack MM. Comparison of sudden and non-sudden coronary deaths in the United States. Circulation 1996;93:2033-2036.
30. Jouven X, Desnos M, Guerot C, Ducimetiere P. Predicting sudden death in the population: the Paris prospective study I. Circulation 1999;99:1978-1983.