Consequences of livestock grazing on water quality and benthic algal biomass in a Canadian natural grassland plateau

Environmental Management

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 824-844

  Scrimgeour, Garry J ^a   Kendall, Sharon ^a  

^a ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCIL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Algae; Livestock; Riparian; Water quality

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ALGAE; BIOMASS; SURVEYS; VEGETATION; WATER QUALITY;

GRASSLANDS;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;

NITRATE; NITRITE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN;

GRAZING MANAGEMENT; LIVESTOCK; STREAMWATER; WATER QUALITY;

ALGA; ARTICLE; BENTHOS; BIOMASS; CANADA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; LIVESTOCK; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEM; SEASON; STREAM (RIVER); VEGETATION; WATER QUALITY; WATERSHED; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; CATTLE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUTROPHICATION; POACEAE; QUALITY CONTROL; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER SUPPLY;

CANADA;

ALGAE; CUPRESSUS; RIPARIA;

ALBERTA; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BIOMASS; CATTLE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUTROPHICATION; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POACEAE; QUALITY CONTROL; SEASONS; WATER POLLUTANTS; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0036618076     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-001-0054-7     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Alberta Environmental Centre. 1995. A framework for ecosystem management in the Cypress Hills Inter-Provincial Park. Discussion report prepared by Alberta Environmental Center, Alberta Environmental Protection, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada.
2. Ameel, J. J., R. P. Axler, and C. J. Owen. 1993. Persulfate digestion for determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in low nutrient water. American Environmental Laboratory.
3. APHA (American Public Health Association). 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th ed. A. E. Greenberg, L. S. Clesceri, and A. D. Eaton (eds). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation.
4. Armour, C. L., D. A. Duff, and W. Elmore. 1991. The effects of livestock grazing on riparian and stream ecosystems. Fisheries 16:7-11.
5. Biggs, B. J. 2000. Eutrophication of streams and rivers: Dissolved nutrient-chlorophyll relationships for benthic algae. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 19:17-31.
6. Bourassa, N., and A. Cattaneo. 1998. Control of periphyton biomass in Laurentian streams (Quebec). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17:420-429.
7. Chambers, P. A., R. Kent, M. N. Charlton, M. Guy, C. Gagnon, E. Roberts, G. Grove, and N. Foster. 2001. Nutrients and their impact on the Canadian Environment. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
8. Coleman, M. D. 1968. Some aspects of evaporation in the Cypress Hills, Alberta. Department of Geography, Middlesex College, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
9. Cooke, S., and E. E. Prepas. 1998. Stream phosphorus and nitrogen export from agricultural and forested watersheds on the Boreal Plain. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:2292-2299.
10. Devito, K. J., and P. J. Dillon. 1993. Importance of runoff and winter anoxia to the P and N dynamics of a beaver pond. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:222-2234.
11. Francoeur, S. N., B. J. F. Biggs, R. A. Smith, and R. L. Lowe. 1999. Nutrient limitation of algal biomass accrual in streams: seasonal patterns and a comparison of methods. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 18:242-260.
12. Frossard, E., J. W. B. Stewart, and R. J. ST. Arnaud. 1989. Distribution and mobility of phosphorus in grassland and forest soils of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69:401-416.
13. Godwin, D. C., and J. R. Miner. 1997. The potential of offstream livestock watering to reduce water quality impacts. Bioresource Technology 58:285-290.
14. Greenlee, G. M. 1980. Soil classification and characterization for selected sites in Cypress Hills Provincial Park. Report prepared by the Soils, Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
15. Humphrey, J. W., and G. S. Patterson. 2000. Effects of late summer cattle grazing on the diversity of riparian pasture vegetation in an upland conifer forest. Journal of Applied Ecology 37:986-996.
16. Kauffman J. B., W. C. Krueger, and M. Vavra. 1983. Impacts of cattle grazing streambanks in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Range Management 36:683-685.
17. Korpela, E. 2001. Effects of livestock grazing management on riparian vegetation in the Cypress Hills. Pages 241-275 in J. Nolan, E. Korpela, M. Pahl, and G. J. Scrimgeour (eds.), The Cypress Hills livestock research project. Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, Alberta.
18. Lal, R. 1997. Deforestation, tillage and cropping systems effects on seepage and runoff water quality from a Nigerian alfisol. Soil and Tillage Research 41:261-284.
19. Lewis, G. M., and E. A. Johnson. 1980. A study of the ecology of grassland communities and the effect of grazing in the Cypress Hills Provincial Park. Contract report to Alberta Recreation and Parks, Alberta Provincial Parks.
20. Looman, K. J., and K. F. Best. 1987. Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Canadian Department of Agriculture Research Board Publication 1662. Supply Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, Canada.
21. Lowrance, R. L., L. S. Altier, J. D. Newbold, R. R. Schnabel, P. M. Groffman, J. M. Denver, D. L., Correll, J. W. Gilliam, J. L. Robinson, R. B. Brinsfield, K. W. Staver, W. Lucas, and A. H. Todd. 1997. Water quality functions of riparian buffers in Chesapeake Bay watersheds. Environmental Management 21:687-712.
22. Lyons, J., S. W. Trinble, and L. K. Paine. 2000. Grass versus trees: managing riparian areas to benefit streams of North America. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36:919-930.
23. Marston, R. A. 1989. Particulate and dissolved losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from forest and agricultural soils. Progressive Physical Geography 13:234-259.
24. McColl, R. H. S. 1978. Chemical runoff from pastures: The influence of fertilizer and riparian zones. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 12:271-380.
25. Menzel, D. W., and N. Corwin. 1965. The measurement of total phosphorus in seawater based on liberation of organically bound fractions by persulfate oxidation. Limnology and Oceanography 10:280-282.
26. Murphy, J., and J. P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27:31-36.
27. Nusch, E. A. 1980. Comparison of different methods for chlorophyll and phaeopigment analysis. Archives Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 14:14-36.
28. Osborne, L. L., and D. A. Kovacic. 1993. Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water-quality restoration and stream management. Freshwater Biology 29:243-258.
29. Petersen, R. C., L. B. M. Petersen, and H. J. Lacoursiere. 1992. A building block model for stream restoration. Pages 293-309 in P.J. Boon, G. E. Petts, and P. Calow (eds.) River Conservation and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., London.
30. Pinay, G., C. Ruffinoni, S. Wondzell, and F. Gazelle. 1998. Change in groundwater nitrate concentration in a large river floodplain: denitrification, uptake or mixing? Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17:179-189.
31. Platts, W. S., and R. L. Nelson. 1985. Impacts of rest-rotation grazing on stream banks in forested watershed in Idaho. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 5:547-556.
32. Platts, W. S., and J. N. Rhinne. 1985. Riparian and stream enhancement management and research in the Rocky mountains. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 5:115-125.
33. Prepas, E. E., and F. H. Rigler. 1982. Improvements in the quantifying the phosphorus concentration in lake water. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39:822-829.
34. Quinn, J. M., A. B. Cooper, R. J. Davies-Colley, J. C., Rutherford, and R. B. Williamson. 1997. Land use effects on habitat, water quality, periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates in Waikato, New Zealand, hill-country streams. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31:579-597.
35. Rosemond, A. D. 1993. Interactions among irradiance, nutrients, and herbivores constrain a stream algal community. Oecologia 94:585-594.
36. SAS. 1987. SAS user's guide: statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
37. Scrimgeour, G. J., and P. A. Chambers. 1997. Development and application of a nutrient-diffusing bioassay for large rivers. Freshwater Biology 38:221-231.
38. Scrimgeour, G. J., and D. Wicklum. 1996. Ecosystem health and integrity: Problems and potential solutions. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15:254-261.
39. Sharpely, A. N., S. C. Chapra, R. Wedepohl, J. T. Sims, T. C. Daniel, and K. R. Reddy. 1994. Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: Issues and options. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:437-451.
40. Sheffield, R. E., S. Mostaghimi, D. H. Vaughan, E. R. Collins, Jr., and V. G. Allen. 1997. Off-stream water sources for grazing cattle as a stream bank stabilization and water quality BMP. American Society of Agricultural Engineers 40:595-604.
41. Sovell, L. A., Vondracek, B., Frost, J. A., and K. G. Mumford. 2000. Impacts of rotational grazing and riparian buffers on physicochemical and biological characteristics of Southeastern Minnesota, USA, streams. Environmental Management 26:629-641.
42. Stainton, M. P., M. J. Capel, and F. A. J. Armstrong. 1977. The chemical analysis of freshwater, 2nd ed. Miscellaneous Special Publication of the Fisheries Environment, Canada, Vol. 26, 180 pp.
43. Strong, W. L., and K. R. Leggat. 1992. Ecoregions of Alberta. Land Information Services Division, Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
44. Tokarsky, O. 1985. Hydrogeological profile Alberta-Sakatchewan boundary. Report prepared by Geoscience Consulting ltd. for the Prairie Provinces Water Board, Alberta, Canada.
45. Wold, A. P., and A. E. Hershey. 1999. Spatial and temporal variability of nutrient limitation in 6 North Shore tributaries to Lake Superior. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 18:2-14.
46. Xiao, X. J., D. W. Anderson, and J. R. Bettany. 1991. The effect of pedogenetic processes on the distribution of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in Gray luvisols. Canadian Journal of Soil Sciences 71:397-410.