Recent progress in drug delivery systems for anticancer agents

Archives of Pharmacal Research

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 229-239

  Kim, Chong Kook ^a   Lim, Soo Jeong ^a  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Anticancer Agents; Drug delivery system; Targeted delivery system

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; LIPOSOME; MICROSPHERE;

CHEMISTRY; COLLOID; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG IMPLANT; HUMAN; REVIEW;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; COLLOIDS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG IMPLANTS; HUMANS; LIPOSOMES; MICROSPHERES;

EID: 0036597879     PISSN: 02536269     EISSN: 02536269     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02976620     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Alakhov, V. Y., Moskaleva, E. Y., Batrakova, E. V. and Kabanov, A. V., Hypersensitization of multidrug resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells by Pluronic P85 block copolymer. Bioconjug. Chem., 7, 209-216 (1996).
2. Bielinska, A., Kukowska-Latallo, J. F., Johnson, J., Tomalia, D. A. and Baker Jr., J. R., Regulation of in vitro gene expression using antisense oligonucleotides or antisense expression plasmids transfected using starburst PAMAM dendrimers. Nucl. Acids. Res., 24, 2176-2182 (1996).
3. Brigger, I., chaminade, P., Marsaud, V., Appel, M., Besnard, M., Gurny, R., Renoir, M. and Couvreur, P., Tamoxifen encapsulation within polyethylene glycol-coated nanospheres. A new antiestrogen formulation. Int. J. Pharm., 214, 37-42 (2001).
4. Bue, P., Holmberg, A. R., Marquez, M., Westlin, J. E., Nilsson, S. and Malmstrom, P. U., Intravesical administration of EGF-dextran conjugates in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Eur. Urol., 38, 584-589 (2000).
5. Ceruti, M., Crosasso, P., Brusa, P., Arpicco, S., Dosio, F. and Cartel, L., Preparation, characterization, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of liposomes containing water-soluble prodrugs of paclitaxel. J. Control. Release, 63, 141-153 (2000).
6. Chan, C. K., Hubner, S., Hu, W. and Jans, D. A., Mutual exclusivity of DNA binding and nuclear localization signal recognition by the yeast transcription factor GAL4: implications for nonviral DNA delivery. Gene Ther., 5, 1204-12 (1998).
7. Chandy, T., Das, G. S. and Rao, G. H., 5-Fluorouracil-loaded chitosan coated polylactic acid microspheres as biodegradable drug carriers for cerebral tumours. J. Microencapsul., 17, 625-638 (2000).
8. Choi, Y., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Lee, K.-S., Kim, C. and Byun, Y., Long-term delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid using biodegradable PLLA/PEG-PLLA blended microspheres. Int. J. Pharm., 215, 67-81 (2001).
9. Ciaolfa, V. R., Zamai, M., Fiorino, E., Frigerio, E., Pellizzoni, C., d'Argy, R., Ghiglieri, A., Castelli, M. G., Farao, M., Pesenti, E., Gigli, M., Angelucci, F. and Suarato, A., Polymer-bound camptothecin: initial biodistribution and antitumor activity studies. J. Control. Release, 65, 105-119 (2000).
10. Conover, C. D., Greenwald, R. B., Pendri, A. and Shum, K. L., Camptothecin delivery systems: the utility of amino acid spacers for the conjugation of camptothecin with polyethlene glycol to create prodrugs. Anticancer Drug Res., 14, 499-506 (1999).
11. Constantinides, P. P., Lambert, K. J., Tustian, A. K., Schneider, B., Lalji, S., Ma, W., Wentzel, B., Kessler, D., Worah, D. and Quay, S. C., Formulation development and antitumor activity of a filter-sterilizable emulsion of paclitaxel. Pharm. Res., 17, 175-182 (2000).
12. Curnis, F., Sacchi, A., Borgna, L., Magni, F., Gasparri, A. and Corti, A., Enhancement of tumor necrosis factor antitumor immunotherapeutic properties by targeted delivery to amino-peptidase N (CD 13). Nature Biotech., 18, 1185-1190 (2000).
13. Cuvier, C., Roblot-Treupel, L., Millot, J. M., Lizard, G., Chevillard, S., Manfait, M., Couvreur, P. and Poupon, M. F., Doxorubicin-loaded nanospheres bypass tumor cell multidrug resistance. Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 509-517 (1992).
14. Delie, F., Berton, M., Allémann, E. and Gurny, R., Comparison of two methods of encapsulation of an oligonucleotide into poly(,-lactic acid) particles. Int. J. Pharm., 214, 25-30 (2001).
15. De Rosa, F. S., Marchetti, J. M., Thomazini, J. A., Tedesco, A. C. and Bentley, M. V., A vehicle for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer: influence of dimethylsulphoxide on 5-amino-levulinic acid in vitro cutaneous permeation and in vivo protoporphyrin IX accumulation determined by confocal microscopy. J. Control. Release, 65, 359-366 (2000).
16. Denis-Mize, K. S., Dupuis, M., MacKichan, M. L., Singh, M., Doe, B., O'Hagan, D., Ulmer, J. B., Donnelly, J. J., McDonald, D. M. and Ott, G., Plasmid DNA adsorbed onto cationic microparticles mediates target gene expression and antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Gene Ther., 7, 2105-2112 (2000).
17. Egilmez, N. K., Jong, Y. S., Sabel, M. S., Jacob, J. S., Mathiowitz, E. and Bankert, R. B., In situ tumor vaccination with interleukin-12-encapsulated biodegradable microspheres: Induction of tumor regression and potent antitumor immunity. Cancer Res., 60, 3832-3837 (2000).
18. Elliott, G. and O'Hare, P., Intracellular trafficking and protein delivery by a herpesvirus structural protein. Cell, 88, 223-233 (1997).
19. Emerich, D. F., Winn, S. R., Snodgrass, P., LaFreniere, D., Agostino, M., Wiens, T., Xiong, H. and Bartus, R. T., Injectable chemotherapeutic microspheres and glioma II: Enhanced survival following implantation into deep inoperable tumors. Pharm. Res., 17, 776-781 (2000).
20. Ertl, B., Platzer, P., Wirth, M. and Gabor, F., Poly(D,L-lactic- coglycolic acid) microspheres for sustained delivery and stabilization of camptothecin. J. Control. Release, 61, 305-317 (1999).
21. Etrych, T., Jelínková, M., íhová, B. and Ulbrich, K., New HPMA copolymers containing doxorubicin bound via pH-sensitive linkage: synthesis and preliminary in vitro and in vivo biological properties. J. Control. Release, 73, 89-102 (2001).
22. Fan, H. and Dash, A. K., Effect of cross-linking on the in vitro release kinetics of doxorubicin from gelatin implants. Int. J. Pharm., 213, 103-116 (2001).
23. Finlay, I. G., Stewart, G. J., Pourgholami, M. H., Akhter, J. and Morris D. L., The use of lipiodol and medium chain triglyceride as delivery agents for hepatic arterial administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-A potential new treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res., 20, 2705-2709 (2000).
24. Fisher, K. D., Stallwood, Y., Green, N. K., Ulbrich, K., Mautner, V. and Seymour, L. W., Polymer-coated adenovirus permits efficient retargeting and evades neutralising antibodies. Gene Ther., 8, 341-348 (2001).
25. Forssen, E., The design and development of DaunoXome for solid tumor targeting in vivo. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 24, 133-150 (1997).
26. Fukushima, S., Kishimoto, S., Takeuchi, Y. and Fukushima, M., Preparation and evaluation of o/w type emulsions containing antitumor prostaglandin. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 45, 65-75 (2000).
27. Fundaro, A., Cavalli, R., Bargoni, A., Vighetto, D., Zara, G. P. and Gasco, M. R., Non-stealth and stealth solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) carrying doxorubicin: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after i.v. administration to rats. Pharmacol. Res., 42, 337-343 (2000).
28. Gabizon, A., Goren, D., Horowitz, A. T., Tzemach, D., Lossos, A. and Siegal, T., Long-circulating liposomes for drug delivery in cancer therapy: a review of biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing animals. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 24, 337-344 (1997).
29. Giles, R. V., Spiller, D. G., Grzybowski, J., Clark, R. E., Nicklin, P. and Tidd, D. M., Selecting optimal oligonucleotide composition for maximal antisense effect following streptolysin O-mediated delivery into human leukaemia cells. Nucl. Acids Res., 26, 1567-1575 (1998).
30. Goren, D., Horowitz, A. T., Tzemach, D., Tarshish, M., Zalipsky, S. and Gabizon, A., Nuclear delivery of doxorubicin via folate-targeted liposomes with bypass of multidrug-resistance efflux pump. Clin. Cancer Res., 6, 1949-1957 (2000).
31. Greco, O. and Dachs, G. U., Gene directed enzyme/prodrug therapy of cancer: Historical appraisal and future prospectives. J. Cell. Physiol., 187, 22-36 (2001).
32. Gruenberg, J. and Maxfield, F. R., Membrane trasport in the endocytic pathway. Curr. Opn. Cell Biol., 7, 552-563 (1995).
33. Han, J. H., Oh, Y. K, Kim, D. S. and Kim, C. K., Enhanced hepatocyte uptake and liver targeting of methotrexate using galactosylated albumin as a carrier. Int. J. Pharm., 188, 39-47 (1999).
34. Harada, Y., Iwai, M., Tanaka, S., Okanoue, T., Kashima, K., Maruyama-Tabata, H., Hirai, H., Satoh, E., Imanishi, J. and Mazda, O., Highly efficient suicide gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by epstein-barr virus-based plasmid vectors combined with polyamidoamine dendrimer. Cancer Gene Ther., 7, 27-36 (2000).
35. Harrington, K. J., Rowlinson-Busza, G., Uster, P. S. and Stewart, J. S., Pegylated liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin and cisplatin in the treatment of head and neck xenograft tumours. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 46, 10-18 (2000).
36. Higashi, S., Tabata, N., Kondo, K. H., Maeda, Y., Shimizu, M., Nakashima, T. and Setoguchi, T., Size of lipid microdroplets effects results of hepatic arterial chemotherapy with an anticancer agent in water-in-oil-in-water emulsion to hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289, 816-819 (1999).
37. Hong, R. L. and Tseng, Y. L., Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of a stable, polyethylene-glycolated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with solid tumors: the relation between pharmacokinetic property and toxicity. Cancer, 91, 1826-1833 (2001).
38. Huang, C. M., Wu, Y.-T. and Chen, S. T., Targeting delivery of paclitaxel into tumor cells via somatostatin receptor endocytosis. Chem. Biol. 7, 453-461 (2000).
39. Ichida, T., Kato, M., Hayakawa, A., Ito, S., Mori, S., Sato, T., Sugitani, S., Sato, H., Watanabe, M. and Asakura, H., Therapeutic effect of a CDDP-epirubicin-Lipiodol emulsion on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 33 Suppl, S74-78 (1994).
40. Ichinose, K., Tomiyama, N., Nakashima, M., Ohya, Y., Ichikawa, M., Ouchi, T. and Kanematsu, T., Antitumor activity of dextran derivatives immobilizing platinum complex (II). Anti-Cancer Drugs, 11, 33-38 (2000).
41. Julyan, P. J., Seymour, L. W., Ferry, D. R., Daryani, S., Boivin, C. M., Doran, J., David, M., Anderson, D., Christodolou, C., Young, A. M., Hesselwood, S. and Kerr, D. J., Preliminary clinical study of the distribution of HPMA copolymers bearing doxorubicin and galactosamine. J. Control. Release, 57, 281-290 (1999).
42. Kaneda, Y., Virosomes: evolution of the liposome as a targeted drug delivery system. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 43, 197-205 (2000).
43. Kanter, P. M., Klaich, G. M. and Bullard, G. A., Liposome encapsulated vincristine: Preclinical toxicologic and pharmacologic comparison with free vincristine and empty liposomes in mice, rats and dogs. Anticancer Drugs, 5, 579-590 (1994).
44. Kataoka, K., Matsumoto, T., Yokoyama, M., Okano, T., Sakurai, Y., Fukushima, S., Okamoto, K. and Kwon, G. S., Doxorubicin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate) copolymer micelles: their pharmaceutical characteristics and biological significance. J. Control. Release, 64, 143-153 (2000).
45. Kim, C. K. and Han, J.-H., Lymphatic delivery and pharma-cokinetics of methotrexate after intramuscular injection of differently charged liposome-entrapped methotrexate to rats. J. Microencapsul., 12, 437-446 (1995).
46. Kim, C. K., Cho, Y. J. and Gao, Z. G., Preparation and evaluation of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate microemulsions for oral delivery. J. Control. Release, 70, 149-155, 2001.
47. 3H-methotrexate- encapsulated neutral large unilamellar vesicles and immunoliposomes. Int. J. Pharm., 98, 9-18 (1993).
48. Kim, C. K., Haider, K. H. and Lim, S. J., Gene medicine : a new field of molecular medicine. Arch. Pharm. Res., 24, 1-15 (2001).
49. Kim, C. K., Lee, M. K., Han, J. H. and Lee, B. J., Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate after intravenous injection of differently charged liposome-entrapped methotrexate to rats. Int. J. Pharm., 108, 21-29, 1994.
50. Koller-Lucae, S. K., Schott, H. and Schwendener, R. A., Low density lipoprotein and liposome mediated uptake and cytotoxic effect of N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine in Daudi lymphoma cells. Br. J. Cancer, 80, 1542-1549 (1999).
51. Kondoh, M., Matsuyama, T., Suzuki, R., Mizuguchi, H., Nakanishi, T., Nakagawa, S., Tsutsumi, Y., Nakanishi, M., Sato, M. and Mayumi, T., Growth inhibition of human leukemia HL-60 cells by an antisense phosphodiester oligonucleotide encapsulated into fusogenic liposomes. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 23, 1011-1013 (2000).
52. Kong, G., Braun, R. D. and Dewhirst, M. W., Hyperthermia enables tumor-specific nanoparticle delivery: Effect of particle size. Cancer Res., 60, 4440-4445 (2000).
53. Koshkina, N. V., Kleinerman, E. S., Waidrep, C., Jia, S. F., Worth, L. L., Gilbert, B. E. and Knight, V., 9-Nitrocamptothecin liposome aerosol treatment of melanoma and osteosarcoma lung metastases in mice. Clin. Cancer Res., 6, 2876-2880 (2000).
54. Kreuter, J., Nanoparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 47, 65-81 (2001).
55. Leamon, C. P. and Low, P. S., Folate-mediated targeting: from diagnostics to drug and gene delivery. Drug Discov. Today, 6, 44-51 (2001).
56. Leroux, J. C., Roux, E., Le Garrec, D., Hong, K. and Drummond, D.C., N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers for the preparation of pH-sensitive liposomes and polymeric micelles. J. Control. Release, 72, 71-84 (2001).
57. le Visage, C., Bernard, M., Michael, H. and Kam, L., Intravesical administration of paclitaxel encapsulated in poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) microparticles. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 28, S-21 (2000).
58. 3H]-methotrexate- galactosylated bovine serum albumin conjugate in mice. Int. J. Pharm., 132, 175-182 (1996).
59. 6 monothylene diamine induced photodynamic therapy in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma in vivo. Int. J. Oncol., 15, 5-16 (1999).
60. Lundberg, B., A submicron lipid emulsion coated with amphipathic polyethyelne glycol for parenteral administraiton of paclitaxel. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 49, 16-21 (1997).
61. Lundberg, B. B., Griffiths, G. and Hansen, H. J., Conjugation of an anti-B-cell lymphoma monoclonal antibody, LL2, to long-circulating drug-carrier lipid emulsions. J. Pharm Pharmacol. 51, 1099-105 (1999).
62. Maheshwari, A., Mahato, R. I., McGregor, J., Han, S. O., Samlowski, W. E., Park, J. S. and Kim, S. W., Soluble biodegradable polymer-based cytokine gene delivery for cancer treatment. Mol. Therapy, 2, 121-130 (2000).
63. Martinez-Fong, D., Navarro-Quiroga, I., Ochoa, I., Alvarez-Maya, I., Meraz, M. A., Luna, J. and Arias-Montano, J. A., Neurotensin-SPDP-poly-L-lysine conjugate: a nonviral vector for targeted gene delivery to neural cells. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 69, 249-262 (1999).
64. Miglietta, A., Cavalli, R., Bocca, C., Gabriel, L. and Gasco, M. R., Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanospheres (SLN) incorporating doxorubicin or paclitaxel. Int. J. Pharm. 210, 61-67 (2000).
65. Miller, M., Targeted cancer therapies attempt to hit the bull's-eye. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, 1878-1879 (2000).
66. Minko, T., Kopeèková, P. and Kopeèek, J., Efficacy of chemotherapeutic action of HPMA copolymer-bound doxorubicin in a solid tumor model of ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer., 86, 108-117 (2000).
67. Miwa, A., Ishibe, A., Nakano, M., Yamahira, T., Itai, S., Jinno, S. and Kawahara, H., Development of novel chitosan derivatives as micellar carriers of taxol. Pharm. Res., 15, 1844-1850 (1998).
68. Noguchi, Y., Wu, J., Duncan, R., Strohalm, J., Ulbrich, K., Akaike, T. and Maeda, H., Early phase tumor accumulation of macromolecules: a great difference in clearance rate between tumor and normal tissues. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 89, 307-314 (1998).
69. Oki, N., Anticancer therapy using glucuronate modified long-circulating liposomes. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 40, 63-73 (1999).
70. Pechar, M., Ulbrich, K., Subr, V., Seymour, L. W. and Schacht, E. H., Poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymer as a carrier of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. Bioconjug. Chem., 11, 131-139 (2000).
71. Plank, C., Oberhauser, B., Mechtler, K., Koch, C. and Wagner, E., The influence of endosome-disruptive peptides on gene transfer using synthetic virus-like gene transfer system. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 12918-12924 (1994).
72. Prasmickaite, L., Hogset, A. and Berg, K., Evaluation of different photosensitizers for use in photochemical gene transfection. Photochem. Photobiol., 73, 388-395 (2001).
73. Provoda, C. J. and Lee, K. D., Bacterial pore-forming hemolysins and their use in the cytosolic delivery of macromolecules. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 41, 209-221 (2000).
74. Reed, D. S., Romero, P., Rimoldi, D., Cerottini, J. C., Schaack, J. and Jongeneel, C. V., Construction and characterization of a recombinant adenovirus directing expression of the MAGE-1 tumor-specific antigen. Int. J. Cancer., 72, 1045-1055 (1997).
75. Robert, L., Peacock, G. G. and Lu, D. R., Targeted drug delivery for brain cancer treatment. J. Control. Release, 65, 31-41 (2000).
76. Rosenkranz, A. A., Jans, D. A. and Sobolev, A. S., Targeted intracellular delivery of photosensitizers to enhance photodynamic efficiency. Immunol. Cell Biol., 78, 452-464 (2000).
77. Sato, Y., Yamauchi, N., Takahashi, M., Sasaki, K., Fukaura, J., Neda, H., Fujii, S., Hirayama, M., Itoh, Y., Koshita, Y., Kogawa, K., Kato, J., Sakamaki, S. and Niitsu, Y., In vivo gene delivery to tumor cells by transferrin- streptavidin-DNA conjugate. FASEB J., 14, 2108-2118 (2000).
78. Siemens, D. R., Austin, J.C., Hedican, S. P., Tartaglia, J. and Ratliff, T. L., Viral vector delivery in solid-state vehicles: Gene expression in a murine prostate cancer model. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, 403-412 (2000).
79. Skubitz, K. M. and Anderson, P. M., Inhalational interleukin-2 liposomes for pulmonary metastases: a phase I clinical trial. Anticancer Drugs, 11, 555-563 (2000).
80. Sludden, J., Uchegbu, I. F. and Schatzlein, A. G., The encapsulation of bleomycin within chitosan based polymeric vesicles does not alter its biodistribution. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 52, 377-382 (2000).
81. Smith, J. P., Kanekal, S., Patawaran, M. B., Chen, J. Y., Jones, R. E., Orenberg, E. K. and Yu, N. Y., Drug retention and distribution after intratumoral chemotherapy with fluorouracil/epinephrine injectable gel in human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol., 44, 267-274 (1999).
82. štastny, M., Strohalm, J., Plocová, D., Ulbrich, K. and Øíhová, B., A possibility to overcome P-glycoprotein (PGP)-mediated multidrug resistance by antibody-targeted drugs conjugated to HPMA copolymer carrier. Eur. J. Cancer, 35, 459-466 (1999).
83. Straubinger, R. M., pH-sensitive liposomes for delivery of macromolecules into cytoplasm of culture cells. Methods Enzymol., 221, 361-376 (1993).
84. Sugano, M., Egilmez, N. K., Yokota, S. J., Chen, F.-A., Harding, J., Huang, S. K. and Bankert, R. B., Antibody targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes suppresses the growth and metastatic spread of established human lung tumor xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Cancer Res., 60, 6942-6949 (2000).
85. Torchilin, V. P., Polymer-coated long-circulating microparticulate pharmaceuticals. J Microencapsul., 15, 1-19 (1998).
86. Trotta, M., Pattarino, F. and Gasco, M. R., Influence of counter ions on the skin permeation of methotrexate from water-oil microemulsions. Pharm. Acta Helv., 71, 135-140 (1996).
87. van Slooten, M. L., Boerman, O., Romøren, K., Kedar, E., Crommelin, D. J. A. and Storm, G., Liposomes as sustained release system for human interferon-g: biopharmaceutical aspects. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1530, 134-145 (2001).
88. Wang, C. C., Li, J., Teo, C. S. and Lee, T., The delivery of BCNU to brain tumors. J. Control. Release, 61, 21-41 (1999).
89. Ward, C. M., Acheson, N. and Seymour, L. W., Folic acid targeting of protein conjugates into ascites tumour cells from ovarian cancer patients. J. Drug Targeting, 8, 119-123 (2000).
90. Warren, L., Jardillier, J.-C., Malarska, A. and Akeli, M. G., Increased accumulation of drugs in multidrug resistant cells induced by liposomes. Cancer Res., 52, 3241-3245 (1992).
91. Wong, B. K., Defeo-Jones, D., Jones, R. E., Garsky, V. M., Feng, D.-M., Oliff, A., Chiba, M., Ellis, J. D. and Lin, J. H., PSA-specific and non-PSA-specific conversion of a PSA-targeted peptide conjugate of doxorubicin to its active metabolites. Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 313-318 (2001).
92. Woodle, M. C., Controlling liposomal blood clearance by surface-grafted polymers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 32, 139-152 (1998).
93. Wyman, T. B., Nicol, F., Zelphati, O., Scaria, P. V., Plank, C. and Szoka Jr., F. C., Design, synthesis, and characterization of a cationic peptide that binds to nucleic acids and permeabilizes bilayers. Biochemistry, 36, 3008-3017 (1997).
94. Yang, S., Zhy, J., Lu, Y., Liang, B. and Yang, C., Body distribution of camptothecin solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration. Pharm. Res., 16, 751-757 (1999).
95. Yapp, D. T., Lloyd, D. K., Zhu, J. and Lehnert, S. M., Cisplatin delivery by biodegradable polymer implant is superior to systemic delivery by osmotic pump or i.p. injection in tumor-bearing mice. Anticancer Drugs, 9, 791-796 (1998).
96. Yi, S. W., Kim, Y. H., Kwon, I. C., Chung, J. W., Park, J. H., Choi, Y. W. and Jeong, S. Y., Stable lipiodolized emulsions for hepatoma targeting and treatment by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. J. Control. Release, 50, 135-143 (1998).
97. Yoo, H. S. and Park, T. G., Biodegradable polymeric micelles composed of doxorubicin conjugated PLGA-PEG block copolymer. J. Control. Release, 70, 63-70 (2001).
98. Zhang, X., Jackson, J. K. and Burt, H. M., Development of amphiphilic diblock copolymers as micellar carriers of taxol. Int. J. Pharm., 132, 195-206 (1996).
99. Zou, Y., Ling, Y. H., Reddy, S., Priebe, W. and Perez-Soler, R., Effect of vesicle size and lipid composition on the in vivo tumor selectivity and toxicity of the non-cross-resistant anthracycline annamycin incorporated in liposomes. Int. J. Cancer, 61, 666-671 (1995).