Fragmentation and reliable size distributions of large ammonia and water clusters

European Physical Journal D

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 183-192

  Bobbert, C ^a,b   Schutte S ^a,c   Steinbach, C ^a   Buck, U ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR DYNAMICS AND SELF ORGANIZATION   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER HEINRICH HERTZ INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^c AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS; IMPACT IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETERS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLE BEAMS; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTONS;

ADIABATIC EXPANSION; AMMONIA CLUSTERS; CONICAL NOZZLE; REFLECTRONS; SINGLE PHOTON IONIZATION; SIZE RANGES; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; SODIUM ATOM; TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETERS; WATER CLUSTER;

SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0036590925     PISSN: 14346060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10053-002-8868-2     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. See several articles in Clusters of Atoms and Molecules, edited by H. Haberland (Springer, Berlin, 1994).
2. T.D. Märk, in Linking the Gaseous and Condensed Phases of Matter, edited by L.G. Christopherou et al. (Plenum Press, New York, 1994), p. 155, and references cited therein.
3. H. Haberland, Surf. Sci. 156, 305 (1985).
4. M. Amarouche, G. Durand, J.P. Malrieu, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 1010 (1988).
5. U. Buck, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 1023 (1988).
6. U. Buck, H. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 4854 (1986).
7. U. Buck, C. Lauenstein, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 4250 (1990).
8. U. Buck, M. Winter, Z. Phys. D 31, 291 (1994).
9. P. Lohbrandt, R. Galonska, H.J. Kim, M. Schmidt, U. Buck, in Atomic and Molecular Beams, edited by R. Campargue (Springer, Berlin, 2000), p. 623.
10. R. Karnbach, M. Joppien, J. Stapelfeld, J. Wörmer, T. Möller, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2838 (1993).
11. S. Schütte, U. Buck, Appl. Phys. A 69, S209 (1999).
12. S. Schütte, U. Buck, Intern. J. Mass. Spectrom. (2002, in press).
13. R.E. Johnson, J. Schou, Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 43, 403 (1993).
14. R.E. Johnson, B.U.R. Sundquist, Physics Today, 28 (March 1992).
15. I.V. Hertel, C. Hügin, C. Nitsch, C.P. Schulz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1767 (1991).
16. O.F. Hagena, Surf. Sci. 106, 101 (1981).
17. O.F. Hagena, Z. Phys. D 4, 291 (1987).
18. D. Proch, T. Trickl, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 4 (1989).
19. E.R. Rohwer, R.C. Beavis, C. Köster, J. Lindner, J. Grotemeyer, E.W. Schlag, Z. Naturforsch. 43a, 1151 (1988).
20. S. Schütte, Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Report 7 (1997); Ph.D. thesis, University of Göttingen, 1996.
21. R.N. Barnett, U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1775 (1993).
22. K. Hashimoto, K. Morokuma, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 11436 (1994).
23. C.J. Mundy, J. Hutter, M. Parrinello, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 4837 (2000).
24. C. Steinbach, U. Buck, unpublished results.
25. H. Shinohara, N. Nishi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 141, 292 (1987).
26. E.M. Snyder, J. Purnell, S. Wei, S.A. Buzza, A.W. Castleman Jr, Chem. Phys. 207, 355 (1996).
27. L.D. Ziegler, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 664 (1985).
28. K. Fuke, R. Takasu, F. Misaizu, Chem. Phys. Lett. 229, 597 (1994).
29. K. Fuke, R. Takasu, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 68, 3309 (1995).
30. U. Buck, R. Krohne, S. Schütte, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 109 (1997).
31. J.M. Soler, N. Garcia, O. Echt, K. Sattler, E. Recknagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1857 (1982); C.R. Wang, R.B. Huang, Z.Y. Liu, L.S. Zheng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 227, 103 (1994).
32. J.M. Soler, N. Garcia, O. Echt, K. Sattler, E. Recknagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1857 (1982); C.R. Wang, R.B. Huang, Z.Y. Liu, L.S. Zheng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 227, 103 (1994).
33. J. Huang, L.S. Bartell, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 3924 (1995).
34. H. Ashkenas, F.S. Sherman, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, edited by J.H. de Leeuw (Academic Press, New York, 1965), Vol. 2, p. 784.
35. G. Torchet, P. Schwartz, J. Farges, M.F. de Feraudy, B. Raoult, J. Chem. Phys. 79, 6196 (1983).
36. G.D. Stein, J. Armstrong, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 1999 (1973).
37. M. Ahmed, C.J. Apps, C. Hughes, J.C. Whitehead, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 12530 (1994).
38. A.A. Vostrikov, D.Y. Dubov, Z. Phys. D 20, 429 (1991).
39. O. Echt, T.D. Märk, in Clusters of Atoms and Molecules, edited by H. Haberland (Springer, Berlin, 1994), Vol. 2, p. 183.
40. L. Reimer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (Springer, Berlin, 1984).
41. W. Whaling, Encyclopedia of Physics (Springer, Berlin, 1958), Vol. 34, p. 193.
42. A.E.S. Green, L.R. Peterson, J. Geophys. Res., Space Phys. 73, 233 (1968).
43. S. Cui, R.E. Johnson, P. Cummings, Surf. Sci. 207, 186 (1988).
44. O. Ellegaard, J. Schou, H. Sørensen, P. Børgesen, Surf. Sci. 167, 474 (1986).
45. R.E. Johnson, M. Pospieszalka, W.L. Brown, Phys. Rev. B 44, 7263 (1991).
46. W.L. Brown, W.M. Augustiynik, L.J. Lanzerotti, R.E. Johnson, R. Evatt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1632 (1980).
47. U. Grigull, H. Sandner, Wärmeleitung (Springer, Berlin, 1979), p. 105.
48. W. Bräuchle, Thermal, Photophysical, and Photochemical Processes (Springer, Berlin, 1993), p. 19.