메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 819-844

Self-organization in the basal ganglia with modulation of reinforcement signals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN CORTEX; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CYTOLOGY; HUMAN; LEARNING; MENTAL FUNCTION; NEOSTRIATUM; NERVE CELL; NERVE TRACT; PHYSIOLOGY; REINFORCEMENT; SYNAPSE;

EID: 0036546950     PISSN: 08997667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/089976602317318974     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0025613142 scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions
    • H. B. M. Uylings, C. G. Van Eden, J. P. C. De Bruin, M. A. Corner, & M. G. P. Feenstra (Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Alexander, G. E., Crutcher, M. D., & DeLong, M. R. (1990). Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. In H. B. M. Uylings, C. G. Van Eden, J. P. C. De Bruin, M. A. Corner, & M. G. P. Feenstra (Eds.), Progress in brain research (Vol. 85, pp. 119-146). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1990) Progress in Brain Research , vol.85 , pp. 119-146
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Crutcher, M.D.2    DeLong, M.R.3
  • 2
    • 0017392285 scopus 로고
    • Neural theory of association and concept-formation
    • Amari, S. (1977). Neural theory of association and concept-formation. Biological Cybernetics, 26, 175-185.
    • (1977) Biological Cybernetics , vol.26 , pp. 175-185
    • Amari, S.1
  • 3
    • 0019153650 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of nerve fields
    • Amari, S. (1980). Topographic organization of nerve fields. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 42, 339-364.
    • (1980) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , vol.42 , pp. 339-364
    • Amari, S.1
  • 4
    • 0020970745 scopus 로고
    • Field theory of self-organizing neural nets
    • Amari, S. (1983). Field theory of self-organizing neural nets. IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-13(9 & 10), 741-748.
    • (1983) IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics , vol.SMC-13 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 741-748
    • Amari, S.1
  • 5
    • 0018140956 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical theory on formation of category detecting nerve cells
    • Amari, S., & Takeuchi, A. (1978). Mathematical theory on formation of category detecting nerve cells. Biological Cybernetics, 29, 127-136.
    • (1978) Biological Cybernetics , vol.29 , pp. 127-136
    • Amari, S.1    Takeuchi, A.2
  • 6
    • 0028302807 scopus 로고
    • Responses of tonically active neurons in the primate's striatum undergo systematic changes during behavioral sensorimotor conditioning
    • Aosaki, T., Tsubokawa, H., Ishida, A., Watanabe, K., Graybiel, A. M., & Kimura, M. (1994). Responses of tonically active neurons in the primate's striatum undergo systematic changes during behavioral sensorimotor conditioning. J. Neurosci., 6, 3969-3984.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 3969-3984
    • Aosaki, T.1    Tsubokawa, H.2    Ishida, A.3    Watanabe, K.4    Graybiel, A.M.5    Kimura, M.6
  • 7
    • 0029762352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of a physiological memory in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the nucleus basalis
    • Bakin, J. S., & Weinberger, N. M. (1996). Induction of a physiological memory in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the nucleus basalis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93, 11219-11224.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.93 , pp. 11219-11224
    • Bakin, J.S.1    Weinberger, N.M.2
  • 8
    • 0022213383 scopus 로고
    • Learning by statistical cooperation of self-interested neuron-like computing elements
    • Barto, A. G. (1985). Learning by statistical cooperation of self-interested neuron-like computing elements. Human Neurobiology, 4, 229-256.
    • (1985) Human Neurobiology , vol.4 , pp. 229-256
    • Barto, A.G.1
  • 9
    • 0000541213 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive critics and the basal ganglia
    • J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Barto, A. G. (1995). Adaptive critics and the basal ganglia. In J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.), Models of information processing in the basal ganglia (pp. 215-232). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995) Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 215-232
    • Barto, A.G.1
  • 10
    • 0019519039 scopus 로고
    • Associative search network: A reinforcement learning associative memory
    • Barto, A. G., Sutton, R. S., & Brouwer, P. S. (1981). Associative search network: A reinforcement learning associative memory. Biological Cybernetics, 40, 201-211.
    • (1981) Biological Cybernetics , vol.40 , pp. 201-211
    • Barto, A.G.1    Sutton, R.S.2    Brouwer, P.S.3
  • 11
    • 0028113346 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic input and output of parbalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the rat
    • Bennett, B. D., & Bolam, J. P. (1994). Synaptic input and output of parbalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the rat. Neuroscience, 62, 707-719.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.62 , pp. 707-719
    • Bennett, B.D.1    Bolam, J.P.2
  • 12
    • 0031931935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computational model of how the basal ganglia produce sequences
    • Berns, G. S., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1998). A computational model of how the basal ganglia produce sequences. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(1), 108-121.
    • (1998) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-121
    • Berns, G.S.1    Sejnowski, T.J.2
  • 13
    • 0020074887 scopus 로고
    • Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: Orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex
    • Bienenstock, E. L., Cooper, L. N., & Munro, P. W. (1982). Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: Orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 2, 32-48.
    • (1982) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 32-48
    • Bienenstock, E.L.1    Cooper, L.N.2    Munro, P.W.3
  • 15
    • 0026526276 scopus 로고
    • Long-term synaptic depression in the striatum: Physiological and pharmacological characterization
    • Calabresi, P., Maj, R., Pisani, A., Mercuri, N. B., & Bernardi, G. (1992). Long-term synaptic depression in the striatum: Physiological and pharmacological characterization. Journal of Neuroscience, 12, 4224-4233.
    • (1992) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.12 , pp. 4224-4233
    • Calabresi, P.1    Maj, R.2    Pisani, A.3    Mercuri, N.B.4    Bernardi, G.5
  • 17
    • 0010211208 scopus 로고
    • Navigating through temporal difference
    • R. P. Lippmann, J. E. Moody, & D. S. Touretzky (Eds.). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann
    • Dayan, P. (1991). Navigating through temporal difference. In R. P. Lippmann, J. E. Moody, & D. S. Touretzky (Eds.), Advances in neural information processing systems, 3 (pp. 464-470). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
    • (1991) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , vol.3 , pp. 464-470
    • Dayan, P.1
  • 18
    • 0034016318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine-mediated stabilization of delay-period activity in a network model of prefrontal cortex
    • Durstewitz, D., Seamans, J. K., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2000). Dopamine-mediated stabilization of delay-period activity in a network model of prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 1733-1750.
    • (2000) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.83 , pp. 1733-1750
    • Durstewitz, D.1    Seamans, J.K.2    Sejnowski, T.J.3
  • 19
    • 0034624683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory threshold for critical-period activation in primary visual cortex
    • Fagiolini, M., & Hensch, T. K. (2000). Inhibitory threshold for critical-period activation in primary visual cortex. Nature, 404(6774), 183-186.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , Issue.6774 , pp. 183-186
    • Fagiolini, M.1    Hensch, T.K.2
  • 20
    • 0028055066 scopus 로고
    • Input-output organization of the sensorimotor striatum in the squirrel monkey
    • Flaherty, A. W., & Graybiel, A. M. (1994). Input-output organization of the sensorimotor striatum in the squirrel monkey. J. Neurosci., 2, 599-610.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 599-610
    • Flaherty, A.W.1    Graybiel, A.M.2
  • 21
    • 0000188120 scopus 로고
    • Learning invariance from transformation sequences
    • Földiák, P. (1991). Learning invariance from transformation sequences. Neural Computation, 3, 194-200.
    • (1991) Neural Computation , vol.3 , pp. 194-200
    • Földiák, P.1
  • 22
    • 0026531301 scopus 로고
    • The neostriatal mosaic: Multiple levels of compartmental organization
    • Gerfen, C. R. (1992). The neostriatal mosaic: Multiple levels of compartmental organization. Trends in Neurosciences, 15(4), 133-139.
    • (1992) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 133-139
    • Gerfen, C.R.1
  • 23
    • 0030839058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged and extrasynaptic excitatory action of dopamine mediated by D1 receptors in the rat striatum in vivo
    • Gonon, F. (1997). Prolonged and extrasynaptic excitatory action of dopamine mediated by D1 receptors in the rat striatum in vivo. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 5972-5978.
    • (1997) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.17 , pp. 5972-5978
    • Gonon, F.1
  • 24
    • 0029598856 scopus 로고
    • Building action repertoires: Memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia
    • Graybiel, A. M. (1995). Building action repertoires: Memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5, 733-741.
    • (1995) Current Opinion in Neurobiology , vol.5 , pp. 733-741
    • Graybiel, A.M.1
  • 25
    • 0027972008 scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control
    • Graybiel, A. M., Aosaki, T., Flaherty, A., & Kimura, M. (1994). The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control. Science, 265, 1826-1831.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1826-1831
    • Graybiel, A.M.1    Aosaki, T.2    Flaherty, A.3    Kimura, M.4
  • 26
    • 0020724095 scopus 로고
    • A theory of the functional organization of the neostriatum and the neostriatal control of voluntary movement
    • Groves, P. M. (1983). A theory of the functional organization of the neostriatum and the neostriatal control of voluntary movement. Brain Research, 286(2), 109-132.
    • (1983) Brain Research , vol.286 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-132
    • Groves, P.M.1
  • 28
    • 0032553477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local GABA circuit control of experience-dependent plasticity in developing visual cortex
    • Hensch, T. K., Fagiolini, M., Mataga, N., Stryker, M. P., Baekkeskov, S., & Kash, S. F. (1998). Local GABA circuit control of experience-dependent plasticity in developing visual cortex. Science, 282(5393), 1504-1508.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , Issue.5393 , pp. 1504-1508
    • Hensch, T.K.1    Fagiolini, M.2    Mataga, N.3    Stryker, M.P.4    Baekkeskov, S.5    Kash, S.F.6
  • 30
    • 0024523563 scopus 로고
    • Functional properties of monkey caudate neurons. II. visual and auditory responses
    • Hikosaka, O., Sakamoto, M., & Usui, S. (1989). Functional properties of monkey caudate neurons. II. visual and auditory responses. Journal of Neurophysiology, 61, 799-813.
    • (1989) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.61 , pp. 799-813
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Sakamoto, M.2    Usui, S.3
  • 31
    • 0002861883 scopus 로고
    • A model of how the basal ganglia generate and use neural signals that predict reinforcement
    • J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Houk, J. C., Adams, J. L., & Barto, A. G. (1995). A model of how the basal ganglia generate and use neural signals that predict reinforcement. In J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.), Models of information processing in the basal ganglia (pp. 249-270). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995) Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 249-270
    • Houk, J.C.1    Adams, J.L.2    Barto, A.G.3
  • 32
    • 0027971611 scopus 로고
    • Surround inhibition among projection neurons is weak or nonexistent in the rat neostriatum
    • Jaeger, D., Kita, H., & Wilson, C. J. (1994). Surround inhibition among projection neurons is weak or nonexistent in the rat neostriatum. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72(5), 2555-2558.
    • (1994) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 2555-2558
    • Jaeger, D.1    Kita, H.2    Wilson, C.J.3
  • 33
    • 0028952721 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of inhibitory synapses in the brain: A possible memory mechanism that has been overlooked
    • Kano, M. (1995). Plasticity of inhibitory synapses in the brain: A possible memory mechanism that has been overlooked. Neuroscience Research, 21, 177-182.
    • (1995) Neuroscience Research , vol.21 , pp. 177-182
    • Kano, M.1
  • 34
    • 0026526070 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic excitation produces a long-lasting rebound potentiation of inhibitory synaptic signals in cerebellar purkinje cells
    • Kano, M., Rexhausen, U., Dreessen, J., & Konnerth, A. (1992). Synaptic excitation produces a long-lasting rebound potentiation of inhibitory synaptic signals in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Nature, 356, 601-604.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 601-604
    • Kano, M.1    Rexhausen, U.2    Dreessen, J.3    Konnerth, A.4
  • 35
    • 0032150808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
    • Kawagoe, R., Takikawa, Y., & Hikosaka, O. (1998). Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia. Nature Neuroscience, 1(5), 411-416.
    • (1998) Nature Neuroscience , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 411-416
    • Kawagoe, R.1    Takikawa, Y.2    Hikosaka, O.3
  • 36
    • 0001361353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in reward-predicting activity of monkey dopamine neurons: Short-term plasticity
    • Kawagoe, R., Takikawa, Y., & Hikosaka, O. (1999). Change in reward-predicting activity of monkey dopamine neurons: Short-term plasticity. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25, 1162.
    • (1999) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , vol.25 , pp. 1162
    • Kawagoe, R.1    Takikawa, Y.2    Hikosaka, O.3
  • 37
    • 0028809746 scopus 로고
    • Striatal interneurones: Chemical, physiological and morphological characterization
    • Kawaguchi, Y., Wilson, C. J., Augood, S. J., & Emson, P. C. (1995). Striatal interneurones: Chemical, physiological and morphological characterization. Trends in Neurosciences, 18(12), 527-535.
    • (1995) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 527-535
    • Kawaguchi, Y.1    Wilson, C.J.2    Augood, S.J.3    Emson, P.C.4
  • 38
    • 0032513387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity
    • Kilgard, M. P., & Merzenich, M. M. (1998). Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity. Science, 279, 1714-1718.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 1714-1718
    • Kilgard, M.P.1    Merzenich, M.M.2
  • 39
    • 0032526982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity and convergence of single corticostriatal axons
    • Kincaid, A. E., Zheng, T., & Wilson, C. J. (1998). Connectivity and convergence of single corticostriatal axons. Journal of Neuroscience, 18(12), 4722-4731.
    • (1998) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 4722-4731
    • Kincaid, A.E.1    Zheng, T.2    Wilson, C.J.3
  • 40
    • 0029941251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience-dependent modification of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex
    • Kirkwood, A., Rioult, M. C., & Bear, M. F. (1996). Experience-dependent modification of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex. Nature, 381(6582), 526-528.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , Issue.6582 , pp. 526-528
    • Kirkwood, A.1    Rioult, M.C.2    Bear, M.F.3
  • 41
    • 0027141087 scopus 로고
    • GABAergic circuits of the striatum
    • G. W. Arbuthnott & P. C. Emson (Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Kita, K. (1993). GABAergic circuits of the striatum. In G. W. Arbuthnott & P. C. Emson (Eds.), Chemical signalling in the basal ganglia (pp. 51-72). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1993) Chemical Signalling in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 51-72
    • Kita, K.1
  • 42
    • 0025727341 scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from the serial reaction time task
    • Knopman, D., & Nissen, M. J. (1991). Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from the serial reaction time task. Neuropsychologia, 29(3), 245-254.
    • (1991) Neuropsychologia , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-254
    • Knopman, D.1    Nissen, M.J.2
  • 43
    • 0029815726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neostriatal habit learning system in humans
    • Knowlton, B. J., Mangels, J. A., & Squire, L. R. (1996). A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science, 273, 1399-1402.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Knowlton, B.J.1    Mangels, J.A.2    Squire, L.R.3
  • 44
    • 0029662057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • b receptors, monoamine receptors, and postsynaptic inositol trisphosphate-induced CA2+ release are involved in the induction of long-term potentiation at visual cortical inhibitory synapses
    • b receptors, monoamine receptors, and postsynaptic inositol trisphosphate-induced CA2+ release are involved in the induction of long-term potentiation at visual cortical inhibitory synapses. Journal of Neuroscience, 16(20), 6342-6352.
    • (1996) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.16 , Issue.20 , pp. 6342-6352
    • Komatsu, Y.1
  • 45
    • 0027235411 scopus 로고
    • Long-term modification of inhibitory synaptic transmission in developing visual cortex
    • Komatsu, Y., & Iwakiri, M. (1993). Long-term modification of inhibitory synaptic transmission in developing visual cortex. NeuroReport, 4(7), 907-910.
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , Issue.7 , pp. 907-910
    • Komatsu, Y.1    Iwakiri, M.2
  • 46
    • 0038744836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory control of neostriatal projection neurons by GABAergic interneurons
    • Koós, T., & Tepper, J. M. (1999). Inhibitory control of neostriatal projection neurons by GABAergic interneurons. Nature Neuroscience, 2(5), 467-472.
    • (1999) Nature Neuroscience , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 467-472
    • Koós, T.1    Tepper, J.M.2
  • 47
    • 0017865262 scopus 로고
    • Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: A quantitative study
    • LeVay, S., Stryker, M. P., & Shatz, C. J. (1978). Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: A quantitative study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 179(1), 223-244.
    • (1978) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.179 , Issue.1 , pp. 223-244
    • LeVay, S.1    Stryker, M.P.2    Shatz, C.J.3
  • 48
    • 0000188367 scopus 로고
    • The enigma of the basal ganglia and movement
    • Marsden, C. D. (1980). The enigma of the basal ganglia and movement. Trends in Neuroscience, pp. 284-287.
    • (1980) Trends in Neuroscience , pp. 284-287
    • Marsden, C.D.1
  • 49
    • 0033079763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hard wired model of coupled frontal working memories for various tasks
    • Monchi, O., & Taylor, J. G. (1999). A hard wired model of coupled frontal working memories for various tasks. Information Sciences, 113(3), 221-243.
    • (1999) Information Sciences , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-243
    • Monchi, O.1    Taylor, J.G.2
  • 50
    • 0029981543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning
    • Montague, R., Dayan, P., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996). Framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 1936-1947.
    • (1996) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.16 , pp. 1936-1947
    • Montague, R.1    Dayan, P.2    Sejnowski, T.J.3
  • 51
    • 0035399093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms for acquisition and execution of visuo-motor sequences - A computational approach
    • Nakahara, H., Doya, K., & Hikosaka, O. (2001). Parallel cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms for acquisition and execution of visuo-motor sequences - a computational approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13: 5, 626-647.
    • (2001) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 626-647
    • Nakahara, H.1    Doya, K.2    Hikosaka, O.3
  • 53
    • 17544368654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the striatum and nucleus accumbens
    • Nicola, S. M., Surmeier, J., & Malenka, R. C. (2000). Dopaminergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 185-215.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Neuroscience , vol.23 , pp. 185-215
    • Nicola, S.M.1    Surmeier, J.2    Malenka, R.C.3
  • 54
    • 0032505048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased number of synaptic GABA(A) receptors underlies potentiation at hippocampal inhibitory synapses
    • Nusser, Z., Hajos, N., Somogyi, P., & Mody, I. (1998). Increased number of synaptic GABA(A) receptors underlies potentiation at hippocampal inhibitory synapses. Nature, 395(6698), 172-177.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , Issue.6698 , pp. 172-177
    • Nusser, Z.1    Hajos, N.2    Somogyi, P.3    Mody, I.4
  • 55
    • 0025119818 scopus 로고
    • A principle for the formation of the spatial structure of cortical feature maps
    • Obermayer, K., Ritter, H., & Schulten, K. (1990). A principle for the formation of the spatial structure of cortical feature maps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(21), 8345-8349.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.87 , Issue.21 , pp. 8345-8349
    • Obermayer, K.1    Ritter, H.2    Schulten, K.3
  • 56
    • 0029942444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total number of neurons in the neostriatal, pallidal, subthalamic, and substantia nigral nuclei of the rat basal ganglia: A stereological study using the cavalieri and optical disector methods
    • Oorschot, D. E. (1996). Total number of neurons in the neostriatal, pallidal, subthalamic, and substantia nigral nuclei of the rat basal ganglia: A stereological study using the cavalieri and optical disector methods. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 366, 580-599.
    • (1996) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.366 , pp. 580-599
    • Oorschot, D.E.1
  • 57
    • 0026564996 scopus 로고
    • Distributed but convergent ordering of corticostriatal projections: Analysis of the frontal eye field and the supplementary eye field in the macaque monkey
    • Parthasarathy, H. B., Schall, J. D., & Graybiel, A. M. (1992). Distributed but convergent ordering of corticostriatal projections: Analysis of the frontal eye field and the supplementary eye field in the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 12, 4468-4488.
    • (1992) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.12 , pp. 4468-4488
    • Parthasarathy, H.B.1    Schall, J.D.2    Graybiel, A.M.3
  • 58
    • 0033119561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the short-latency dopamine response too short to signal reward error?
    • Redgrave, P., Prescott, T. J., & Gurney, K. (1999). Is the short-latency dopamine response too short to signal reward error? Trends in Neuroscience, 22(4), 146-151.
    • (1999) Trends in Neuroscience , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 146-151
    • Redgrave, P.1    Prescott, T.J.2    Gurney, K.3
  • 59
    • 0034638268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra dopamine regulates synaptic plasticity and membrane potential fluctuations in the rat neostriatum, in vivo
    • Reynolds, J. N. J., & Wickens, J. R. (2000). Substantia nigra dopamine regulates synaptic plasticity and membrane potential fluctuations in the rat neostriatum, in vivo. Neuroscience, 99, 199-203.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.99 , pp. 199-203
    • Reynolds, J.N.J.1    Wickens, J.R.2
  • 60
    • 0031816059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection in somatosensory cortical plasticity
    • Sachdev, R. N. S., Lu, S.-M., Wiley, R. G., & Ebner, F. F. (1998). Role of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection in somatosensory cortical plasticity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79, 3216-3228.
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.79 , pp. 3216-3228
    • Sachdev, R.N.S.1    Lu, S.-M.2    Wiley, R.G.3    Ebner, F.F.4
  • 61
    • 0031867046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons
    • Schultz, W. (1998). Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80, 1-27.
    • (1998) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.80 , pp. 1-27
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 62
    • 0027468102 scopus 로고
    • Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task
    • Schultz, W., Apicella, P., & Ljungberg, T. (1993). Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task. Journal of Neuroscience, 13(3), 900-913.
    • (1993) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 900-913
    • Schultz, W.1    Apicella, P.2    Ljungberg, T.3
  • 63
    • 0002051678 scopus 로고
    • Context-dependent activity in primate striatum reflecting past and future behavioral events
    • J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Schultz, W., Apicella, P., Romo, R., & Scarnati, E. (1995). Context-dependent activity in primate striatum reflecting past and future behavioral events. In J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.), Models of information processing in the basal ganglia (pp. 11-27). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995) Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 11-27
    • Schultz, W.1    Apicella, P.2    Romo, R.3    Scarnati, E.4
  • 64
    • 0030896968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural substrate of prediction and reward
    • Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science, 275, 1593-1599.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1593-1599
    • Schultz, W.1    Dayan, P.2    Montague, R.3
  • 65
    • 0001235758 scopus 로고
    • Reward-related signals carried by dopamine neurons
    • J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.) Models of information processing in the basal ganglia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Schultz, W., Romo, R., Ljungberg, T., Mirenowicz, J., Hollerman, J. R., & Dickinson, A. (1995). Reward-related signals carried by dopamine neurons. In J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.), Models of information processing in the basal ganglia (pp. 231-248). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995) Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 231-248
    • Schultz, W.1    Romo, R.2    Ljungberg, T.3    Mirenowicz, J.4    Hollerman, J.R.5    Dickinson, A.6
  • 66
    • 0029818228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated expression of dopamine receptors in neostriatal medium spiny neurons
    • Surmeier, D. J., Song, W.-J., & Yan, Z. (1996). Coordinated expression of dopamine receptors in neostriatal medium spiny neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 6579-6591.
    • (1996) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.16 , pp. 6579-6591
    • Surmeier, D.J.1    Song, W.-J.2    Yan, Z.3
  • 67
    • 0018622771 scopus 로고
    • Formation of topographic maps and columnar microstructures
    • Takeuchi, A., & Amari, S. (1979). Formation of topographic maps and columnar microstructures. Biological Cybernetics, 35, 63-72.
    • (1979) Biological Cybernetics , vol.35 , pp. 63-72
    • Takeuchi, A.1    Amari, S.2
  • 71
    • 0015749493 scopus 로고
    • Self-organization of orientation selective cells in the striate cortex
    • von der Malsburg, C. (1973). Self-organization of orientation selective cells in the striate cortex. Kybernetik, 14, 85-100.
    • (1973) Kybernetik , vol.14 , pp. 85-100
    • Von Der Malsburg, C.1
  • 74
    • 0001785024 scopus 로고
    • Cellular models of reinforcement
    • J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Wickens, J., & Kötter, R. (1995). Cellular models of reinforcement. In J. C. Houk, J. L. Davis, & D. G. Beiser (Eds.), Models of information processing in the basal ganglia (pp. 187-214). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1995) Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia , pp. 187-214
    • Wickens, J.1    Kötter, R.2
  • 75
    • 78651126861 scopus 로고
    • Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye
    • Wiesel, T. N., & Hubel, D. H. (1963). Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye. Journal of Neurophysiology, 26, 1003-1017.
    • (1963) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.26 , pp. 1003-1017
    • Wiesel, T.N.1    Hubel, D.H.2
  • 76
    • 0018543534 scopus 로고
    • A marker induction mechanism for the establishment of ordered neural mappings: Its application to the retinotectal problem
    • Willshaw, D. J., & von der Malsburg, C. (1979). A marker induction mechanism for the establishment of ordered neural mappings: Its application to the retinotectal problem. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 287(1021), 203-243.
    • (1979) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.287 , Issue.1021 , pp. 203-243
    • Willshaw, D.J.1    Von Der Malsburg, C.2
  • 77
    • 0000633904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia
    • G. M. Shepherd (Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Wilson, C. J. (1998). Basal ganglia. In G. M. Shepherd (Ed.), The synaptic organization of the brain (4th ed., pp. 279-316). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1998) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain 4th Ed. , pp. 279-316
    • Wilson, C.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.