Assessment of the risk of heat disorders encountered during work in hot conditions

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 153-162

  Malchaire, J ^a   Kampmann, B ^b   Mehnert, P ^c   Gebhardt, H ^d   Piette, A ^a   Havenith, G ^e   Holmer I ^f   Parsons, K ^e   Alfano, G ^g   Griefahn, B ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b RAG Mining Solutions GmbH   (Germany)

^c LEIBNIZ RESEARCH CENTRE FOR WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS   (Germany)

^d Institut fur Arbeitsmedizin   (Germany)

^e LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WORKING LIFE   (Sweden)

^g Faculty of Engineering   (Italy)

Author keywords

Heat stress; Indices; ISO 7933; Prevention; Strategy

Indexed keywords

ACCLIMATIZATION; ANALYTIC METHOD; BODY MOVEMENT; CLIMATE; CLINICAL LABORATORY; CLOTHING; CONTROL STRATEGY; CORE TEMPERATURE; DATA BASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; EUROPE; EVAPORATION; EXERCISE; FIELD EXPERIMENT; HEAT EXCHANGE; HEAT INJURY; HEAT STRESS; HIGH TEMPERATURE; HUMAN; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH; HUMIDITY; LOW ENERGY RADIATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; METABOLIC RATE; METHODOLOGY; MODEL; OBSERVATION; POPULATION; PREDICTION; PROBLEM SOLVING; PROTECTION; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RECTUM TEMPERATURE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN TEMPERATURE; STANDARD; SWEAT TEST; SWEATING; THERMAL EXPOSURE; THERMODYNAMICS; VALIDATION PROCESS; WATER LOSS; WORK; WORK ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 0036523915     PISSN: 03400131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004200100287     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Alber-Wallerström B, Holmér I (1985) Efficiency of sweat evaporation in acclimatised men working in a hot humid environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 54:480-487
2. Alber-Wallerström B, Holmér I (1994) Sweating efficiency of unacclimatized women and men working in hot, humid environments. In: Frim J, Ducharne MB, Tickuisis P (eds) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics, Montebello, Canada, 25-30 September
3. Araki T, Inoue M, Fujiwara H (1979) Experimental studies on sweating for exercise prescription: Total body sweat rate in relation to work load in physically trained adult males. J Hum Ergol 8:91-99
4. Candas V, Libert JP, Vogt JJ (1979) Influence of air velocity and heat acclimation on human skin wetness and sweating efficiency. J Appl Physiol 47:1194-1200
5. Candas V, Libert JP, Brandenberger G (1985) Hydration during exercise - Effects on thermal and cardiovascular adjustments. Eur J Appl Physiol 55:113-122
6. Colin J, Timbal J, Houdas Y, Boutelier C, Guieu J (1971) Computation of mean body temperature from rectal and skin temperatures. J Appl Physiol 31:484-489
7. Council Directive (1989) Council Directive 89/654/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace (first individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/191/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities, no. L/393/1-12
8. Edwards RJ, Belyavin AJ, Harrison MH (1978) Core temperature measurement in man. Aviat Space Environ Med 49:1289-1294
9. Gosselin RE (1947) Rates of sweating in the desert. In: Adolph EF (ed) Physiology of Man in the Desert. Interscience Publishers, New York, p 44
10. Havenith G (1997) Individual Heat Stress Response. Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor; Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen
11. Havenith G, Holmér I, Den Hartog EA, Parsons KC (1999) Clothing evaporative heat resistance-proposal for improved representation in standards and models. Ann Occup Hyg 43:339-346
12. Havenith G, Holmér I, Parsons KC, Den Hartog E, Malchaire J (2000) Calculation of dynamic heat and vapour resistance. In: Werner J, Hexamer M (eds) Environmental Ergonomics IX. 9th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics, Dortmund, Germany, August 2000, Shaker, pp 125-128 ISBN 3 8265 7648 9
13. Hettinger Th, Eissing G, Hertting R, Steinhaus I (1985) Belastung und Beanspruchung durch das Tragen persönlicher Schutzausrüstungen, BAU (Hrsg). Forschungsbericht Nr.392, Wirschaftsverlag NW, Bremerhaven
14. Holmér I, Nilsson H, Havenith G, Parsons KC (1999) Clothing convective heat exchange. Proposal for improved representation in standards and models. Ann Occup Hyg 43:329-338
15. ISO 7243 (1982) Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on the working man, based on the WBGT index (wet bulb globe temperature). International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva
16. ISO 7933 (1989) Hot environments - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva
17. ISO 9920 (1995) Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva
18. Kähkönen E (1993) Comparison and Error Analysis of Instrumentation and Methods for Assessment of Neutral and Hot Environment on the Basis of ISO Standards. Kuopio University Publications, Kuopio, Finland, p 101
19. Kampmann B (1997a) Working Paper GT2/13 of BIOMED Project BMH4-CT96-0648 "HEAT": Risk Analysis for One Quality of Ruhrkohle AG in 1995
20. Kampmann B (1997b) Working Paper GT2/12 of BIOMED Project BMH4-CT96-0648 "HEAT": Rehydration in Field Experiments and Laboratory Investigations
21. Kohler E (1976) Physiologische Reaktionen in Bereich der Hitzetoleranzgrenze bei einer ruhenden Versuchsperson (Physiological reactions in resting test subjects at the limit of their heat tolerance). Dissertation, Universität Tübingen, p 29
22. Livingstone SD, Nolan RW, Cain JB et al (1994) Effect of working in hot environments on respiratory air temperatures. Eur J Appl Physiol 69:98-101
23. Mairiaux P, Malchaire J, Candas V (1987) Prediction of mean skin temperature in warm environments. Eur J Appl Physiol 56:686-692
24. Malchaire J (1991) Predicted sweat rate in fluctuating thermal conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 63:282-287
25. Malchaire J (ed.) (1999) Evaluation and control of warm working conditions. Proceedings of the BIOMED Heat Stress Conference, Barcelona, 14-15 June 1999
26. Malchaire J, Gebhardt HJ, Piette A (1999) Strategy for evaluation and prevention of risk due to work in thermal environment. Ann Occup Hyg 43:367-376
27. Malchaire J, Kampmann B, Havenith G, Mehnert P, Gebhardt HJ (2000) Criteria for estimating acceptable exposure times in hot work environment, a review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 73:215-220
28. Malchaire J, Piette A, Kampmann B, Mehnert P, Gebhardt H, Havenith G, Den Hartog E, Holmér I, Parsons K, Alfano G, Griefahn B (2001) Developmental and validation of the predicted heat strain model. Ann Occup Hyg 45:123-135
29. Mehnert P, Malchaire J, Kampmann B, Piette A, Griefahn B, Gebhardt HJ (2000) Prediction of the average skin temperature in warm and hot environments. Eur J Appl Physiol 82:52-60
30. Parsons KC, Havenith G, Holmér I, Nilsson H, Malchaire J (1999) The effects of wind and human movement on the heat and vapour transfer properties of clothing. Ann Occup Hyg 43:367-376
31. Saltin B, Hermansen L (1966) Esophageal, rectal, and muscle temperature during exercise. J Appl Physiol 21:1757-1762
32. Varene P (1986) Computation o respiratory heat exchanges. J Appl Physiol 61:1586-1589
33. WHO Scientific Group (1969) Health Factors Involved in Working Under Conditions of Heat Stress. Technical Reports Series no. 412, WHO, Geneva
34. Wyndham CH, Heyns AJ (1973) The probability of heat stroke developing at different levels of heat stress. Arch Sci Physiol 27:545-562
35. Wyndham CH, Strydom NB, Morrison JF, Williams CG, Bredell GAG, Maritz JS, Munro A (1965) Criteria for physiological limits for work in heat. J Appl Physiol 20:37-45
36. Zintl W (1979) Physiologische Reaktionen im Bereich der Hitzetolenzgrenze vor und nach Hitzeakklimation bei einer ruhenden Versuchsperson (Physiological reactions in resting test subjects at the limit of their heat tolerance before and after acclimitization to heat). Dissertation, Universität Tübingen, p 56