Subliminal words activate semantic categories (not automated motor responses)

Psychonomic Bulletin and Review

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 100-106

  Abrams, Richard L ^a   Klinger, Mark R ^b   Greenwald, Anthony G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTOMATISM; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEMANTICS;

AUTOMATISM; HUMANS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEMANTICS; SUBLIMINAL STIMULATION; VOCABULARY;

EID: 0036516982     PISSN: 10699384     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03196262     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. ABRAMS, R. L., & GREENWALD, A. G. (2000). Parts outweigh the whole (word) in unconscious analysis of meaning. Psychological Science, 11, 118-124.
2. DAMIAN, M. F. (2001). Congruity effects evoked by subliminally presented primes: Automaticity rather than semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 27, 154-165.
3. DEHAENE, S., NACCACHE, L., LE CLECH, G., KOECHLIN, E., MUELLER, M., DEHAENE-LAMBERTZ, G., VAN DE MOORTELE, P., & LE BIHAN, D. (1998). Imaging unconscious semantic priming. Nature, 395, 597-600.
4. DOSHER, B. (1998). The response-window regression method - some problematic assumptions: Comment on Draine and Greenwald (1998). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 311-317.
5. DRAINE, S. C. (1997). Analytic limitations of unconscious language processing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington.
6. DRAINE, S. C., & GREENWALD, A. (1998). Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 286-303.
7. DRURY, S., & KLINGER, M. R. (May, 2000). Repetition priming in unconscious perception. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
8. FORSTER, K. I. (1998). The pros and cons of masked priming. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27, 203-233.
9. GREENWALD, A. G. (1992). New Look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed. American Psychologist, 47, 776-779.
10. GREENWALD, A. G., & DRAINE, S. C. (1997). Do subliminal stimuli enter the mind unnoticed? Tests with a new method. In J. Cohen & J. Schuler (Eds.). Scientific approaches to consciousness: 25th Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (pp. 83-108). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. GREENWALD, A. G., & DRAINE, S. C. (1998). Distinguishing unconscious from conscious cognition-reasonable assumptions and replicable findings: Reply to Merikle and Reingold (1998) and Dosher (1998). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 320-324.
12. GREENWALD, A. G., DRAINE, S. C., & ABRAMS, R. L. (1996). Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science, 273, 1699-1702.
13. GREENWALD, A. G., KLINGER, M. R., & SCHUH, E. S. (1995). Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 22-42.
14. KIHLSTROM, J. (1987). The cognitive unconscious. Science, 237, 1445-1452.
15. KLAUER, K., DRAINE, S. C., & GREENWALD, A. G. (1998). An unbiased errors-in-variables approach to detecting unconscious cognition. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 51, 253-267.
16. KLAUER, K., GREENWALD, A. G., & DRAINE, S. C. (1998). Correcting for measurement error in detecting unconscious cognition: Comment on Draine & Greenwald (1998). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 318-319.
17. KLINGER, M. R., BURTON, P., & PITTS, S. (2000). Mechanisms of unconscious priming: I: Response competition, not spreading activation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning. Memory, & Cognition. 26, 441-455.
18. LOFTUS, E. F., & KLINGER, M. R. (1992). Is the unconscious smart or dumb? American Psychologist, 47, 761-765.
19. LOGAN, G. D. (1990). Repetition priming and automaticity: Common underlying mechanisms? Cognitive Psychology, 22, 1-35.
20. MERIKLE, P. M., & REINGOLD, E. M. (1998). On demonstrating unconscious perception: Comment on Draine and Greenwald (1998). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 304-310.
21. MORTON, J. (1969). The interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review. 76, 165-178.
22. TREISMAN, A. (1960). Contextual cues in selective listening. Quarterley Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 242-248.