Effect on blood lead of airborne lead particles characterized by size

Annals of Occupational Hygiene

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 237-243

  Park, Dong Uk ^a   Paik, Nam Won ^b  

^a Korea National Open University   (South Korea)

^b Seoul National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Blood lead; Lead particles; Lead standard; Size distributions

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; BLOOD; LEAD; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

MASS MEDIAN AERODYNAMIC DIAMETERS (MMAD);

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; PARTICLE SIZE;

LEAD;

ARTICLE; BATTERY INDUSTRY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; HUMAN; KOREA; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMELTER; AEROSOL; AIR POLLUTANT; BLOOD; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; METHODOLOGY; STATISTICAL MODEL;

BLOOD LEAD; CASCADE IMPACTORS; LEAD CONCENTRATION; MASS MEDIAN AERODYNAMIC DIAMETERS; PAIR-WISE COMPARISON; PARTIAL CORRELATION; RESPIRABLE PARTICLES; SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION;

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; LEAD; LINEAR MODELS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PARTICLE SIZE;

EID: 0036490072     PISSN: 00034878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mef036     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (2001) Threshold limit values and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
2. Ashford NA, Gecht RD, Hattis DB, Katz, JI. (1977) The effects of OSHA medical removal protection on labor costs of selected lead industries. Cambridge, MA: Center for Policy Alternatives, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
3. Barry PS. (1975) A comparison of concentration of lead in human tissue. Br J Ind Med; 32: 119-39.
4. Forst L, Persky V, Freels S, Williams R, Conroy L. (1997) Lead exposure in iron workers. Am J Ind Med; 32: 445-543.
5. Froines JR, Liu WC, Hinds WC, Wegman DH. (1986) Effect of aerosol size on the blood lead distribution of industrial workers. Am J Ind Med; 9: 227-37.
6. Froines JR, Baron S, Wegman DH, O'Rourke S. (1990) Characterization of the airborne concentrations of lead in U.S. industry. Am J Ind Med; 8: 1-17.
7. Hinds WC. (1986) Data analysis. In Lodge JP, Chan TL, editors. Cascade impactor sampling and data analysis, Ch. 3. Akron, OH: American Industrial Hygiene Association.
8. Hodgkins DG. (1990) The effect of lead-in-air particle size on the lead-in-blood levels of lead-acid battery workers. PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
9. Jacobson BE, Lockitch G, Quigely G. (1991) Improved samples preparation for accurate determination of low concentrations of lead in whole blood by graphite furnace analysis. Clin Chem; 37: 515-9.
10. Korean Ministry of Labor. (1989) Industrial safety and health regulation. Gwachun, Korea: Ministry of Labor.
11. Morrow PE, Beiter H, Amato F, Gibb FR. (1980) Pulmonary retention of lead: an experimental study in man. Environ Res; 21:373-84.
12. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1978) United States Department of Labor 29 CFR 1910 and 1025 occupational exposure to lead; final standard. Fed Regist; 43: 543-54.
13. Papanek PJ, Ward CE, Gilbert KM, Frangos SA. (1992) Occupational lead exposure in Los Angeles County: an occupational risk surveillance strategy. Am J Ind Med; 21: 199-208.
14. Reynolds JS, Seem R, Fourtes LJ, Sprince N, Johnson J, Walkner L, Clarke W, Whitten P. (1999) Prevalence of elevated blood leads and exposure to lead in construction trades in Iowa and Illinois. Am J Ind Med; 36: 307-16.
15. Rubow KL, Marple VA, Olin J, McCawley MA. (1987) A personal cascade impactor: design, evaluation and calibration. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; 48: 532-8.
16. Ruby MV, Davis A, Kempton JH, Drexler JW, Bergstrom PD. (1992) Lead bioavailability: dissolution kinetics under simulated gastric conditions. Environ Sci Technol; 26: 1242-8.
17. Rudolph L, Sharp DS, Samuels S, Perkins C, Rosenberg J. (1990) Environmental and biological monitoring for lead exposure in California workplaces. Am J Publ Health; 80: 921-5.
18. Sokas RK, Simmens S, Sophar K, Welch LS, Liziewski T. (1997) Lead levels in Maryland construction workers. Am J Ind Med; 31: 188-94.
19. Spear TM, Svee W, Vincent JH, Stanisich N, (1998a) Chemical speciation of lead dust associated with primary lead smelting. Environ Health Perspect; 106: 565-71.
20. Spear TM, Werner MA, Bootland J, Murray E, Ramachandran G, Vincent JH. (1998b) Assessment of particle size distributions of health-relevant aerosol exposures of primary lead smelter workers. Ann Occup Hyg; 42: 73-80.
21. Tsai CJ, Shih TS, Sheu RN. (1997) Characteristics of lead aerosols in the different work environments. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; 58: 650-6.
22. Werner MA, Spear TM, Vincent JH. (1996) Investigation into the impact of introducing aerosol standards based on the inhalable fraction. Analyst; 121: 1207-14,