Hormonal replacement therapy in breast cancer

Annals of Oncology

Volumn 13, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2002, Pages 73-80

  Pritchard, K I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; BELLERGAL; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM; CLONIDINE; ESTROGEN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; PROGESTERONE; RALOXIFENE; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TAMOXIFEN; VENLAFAXINE;

ANOREXIA; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MEDICAL INFORMATION; NAUSEA; OSTEOPOROSIS; OVARIECTOMY; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PREMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SMOKING CESSATION; THROMBOEMBOLISM; VASOMOTOR DISORDER; XEROSTOMIA;

EID: 0036434619     PISSN: 09237534     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf642     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Daly E, Gray A, Barlow D et al. Measuring the impact of menopausal symptoms in quality of life. Br Med J 1993; 307: 836-840.
2. Riggs BL, Melton LJ. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 620-627.
3. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ et al. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1105-1110.
4. Schiff I, Tulchinsky D, Cramer D, Ryan KJ. Oral medroxyprogesterone in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms. JAMA 1980; 224: 1443-1445.
5. Wiklund I, Berg G, Hammar M et al. Long-term effect of transdermal hormonal therapy on aspects of quality of life in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1992; 14: 225-236.
6. Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud K et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 9-16.
7. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1-9.
8. Lobo BA. Effects of hormonal replacement on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 925-931.
9. Bush TL, Miller VT. Effects of pharmacologic agents used during menopause: Impact on lipids and lipoproteins. In Mishell DR (ed): Menopause: physiology and pharmacology. Chicago, IL: Yearbook Medical Publishers 1987; 187-208.
10. McGill HC. Sex steroid hormone receptors in the cardiovascular system. Postgrad Med 1989; 85: 64-68.
11. The PEPI Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimes on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA 1995; 273: 199-208.
12. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1769-1775.
13. Hemminiki E, McPherson K. Impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular events and cancer: pooled data from clinical trials. Br Med J 1997; 315: 149-153.
14. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. For the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998; 280: 605-613.
15. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials 1998; 19: 61-109.
16. Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 140: 256-261.
17. Mulnard RA, Cotman CW, Kawas C et al. Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000; 283: 1007-1015.
18. Calle EE. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal colon cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 517-523.
19. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997; 350: 1047-1059.
20. Nachtigall LE, Nachtigall RH, Nachtigall RD, Beckman EM. Estrogen replacement therapy II: A prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 54: 74-79.
21. Gambrell RD, Maier RC, Sanders BI. Decreased incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal estrogen-progestogen users. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 62: 435-443.
22. Willett CG, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal estrogens-opposed, unopposed, or none of the above. JAMA 2000; 283: 534-535.
23. Colditz GA, Rosner B, Nurses' Health Study Research Group. Use of estrogen plus progestin is associated with greater increase in breast cancer risk than estrogen alone. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 645.
24. Persson I, Weiderpass E, Bergkvist L et al. Risks of breast and endometrial cancer after estrogen and progestin replacement. Cancer Causes Control 1999; 10: 253-260.
25. Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisi R et al. Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA 2000; 283: 485-491.
26. Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC, Pike MC. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: Estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 328-332.
27. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Goldhaber SZ et al. Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Lancet 1996; 348: 983-987.
28. Daly E, Vessey MP, Hawkins MM et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 1996; 348: 977-980.
29. Grady D, Hulley SB, Furberg C. Venous thromboembolic events associated with hormone replacement therapy. JAMA 1997; 278: 477.
30. Dickson RB, Thompson EW, Lippman ME. Regulation of proliferation, invasion and growth factor synthesis in breast cancer by steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1990; 37: 305-316.
31. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Ovarian ablation in early breast cancer: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 1996; 348: 1189-1196.
32. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Zolinski C. Estrogen replacement therapy in women with breast cancer: A survey of patient attitudes. Am J Med Sci 1992; 304: 145-149.
33. Couzi RJ, Helzlsouer KJ, Fetting JH. Prevalence of menopausal symptoms among women with a history of breast cancer and attitudes toward estrogen replacement therapy. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2737-2744.
34. Clark RM, Chua T. Breast cancer and pregnancy: The ultimate challenge (Royal College of Radiologists). Clin Oncol 1989; 1: 11-18.
35. Stoll BA. Hormone replacement therapy in women treated for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989; 25: 1909-1913.
36. DiSaia PJ, Grosen EA, Kurosaki T et al. Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors: A cohort study. Am J Obstet Gyneco1 1996; 174: 1494-1498.
37. Decker D, Cox T, Burdakin J et al. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in breast cancer survivors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 136 (Abstr 209).
38. Bluming AZ, Waisman JR, Dosik GA et al. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with previously treated primary breast cancer, update IV. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 17: 131a (Abstr 463).
39. Gorins A. Traitment hormonal substitutif de menopause chez la femme ayant des antecedents personnels de mastopathie benigne ou de cancer du sein. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 94: 25-29.
40. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Asmar L, Hortobagyi GN et al. Estrogen replacement therapy after localized breast cancer: Clinical outcome of 319 women followed prospectively. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 1482-1487.
41. Powles TJ, Hickish T, Casey S. Hormone replacement after breast cancer. Lancet 1993; 342: 60-61.
42. Marsden J, Baum M, Jurkovic D et al. A randomized pilot study of HRT in breast cancer patients: the combined effects of tamoxifen and HRT on the endometrium. Breast 1997; 6: 238-243.
43. Wile AG, Opfell RW, Magileth DA. Hormone replacement therapy in previously treated breast cancer patients. Am J Surg 1993; 165: 372-375.
44. Eden JA. A case controlled study of combined continuous estrogen-progestin replacement therapy among women with a personal history of breast cancer. Menopause 1995; 2: 67-72.
45. O'Meara ES, Rossing MA, Daling JR et al. Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to recurrence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 754-762.
46. Dhodapkar MV, Ingle JN, Ahmann DL. Estrogen replacement therapy withdrawal and regression of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 1995; 75: 43-46.
47. Powles TJ, Hickish T. Breast cancer response to hormone replacement therapy withdrawal. Lancet 1995; 345: 1442.
48. Booser D. Estrogen withdrawal as initial treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998; 17: 130a (Abstr 497).
49. Bergkvist L, Adami HA, Persson I et al. Prognosis after breast cancer diagnosis in women exposed to estrogen and estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 139: 221-228.
50. Magnusson C, Holmberg L, Norden T et al. Prognostic characteristics in breast cancers after hormone replacement therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 38: 325-334.
51. Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D et al. Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1541-1548.
52. Goodwin PJ. Decision analysis (DA) of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women made prematurely menopausal during adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ/CXT) for breast cancer (BC). Breast Cancer Res Treat 1989; 14: 147.
53. Perlman JA, Parnes HL, Ford LG. Projections of the longevity effects of tamoxifen (TAM) plus progestin (T+P) versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in breast cancer survivors requiring hormonal symptom relief. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 131a (Abstr 462).
54. Lindley CM, Vasa SP, Swayer WT et al. Eliciting preferences for adjuvant therapy in patients with early stage breast cancer: trade-offs between treatment, care, and survival. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 149a.
55. Ganz PA, Greendale G, Kahn B, O'Leary JF. Are breast cancer survivors (BCS) willing to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 109 (Abstr 102).
56. Pritchard K, Llewellyn-Thomas HA, Lewis J et al. The use of a probability trade-off task (PT-OT) to assess maximal acceptable increment in risk of breast cancer recurrence (MAIRR) in order to estimate sample size for a randomized clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 137 (Abstr 213).
57. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Theriault R. Randomized prospective trial of estrogen replacement therapy in women with a history of breast cancer. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 16: 153-159.
58. Laya MB, Larson EB, Taplin SH, White E. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the specificity and sensitivity of screening mammography. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 643-649.
59. McNicholas MM, Henegan JP, Milner MH. Pain and increased mammographic density in women receiving hormone replacement therapy: A prospective study. Am J Roentgenol 1994; 163: 311-315.
60. Love SM, Lindsey K. Making informed choices about menopause. New York, NY: Random House 1997; 159-189.
61. Law M, Loprinzi CL, Kugler J et al. Double-blind crossover trial of Replens versus KY Jelly for treating vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in breast cancer survivors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 534 (Abstr 175).
62. Henriksson L, Stjernquist M, Boquist L et al. A one year multi-center study of efficacy and safety of a continuous, low dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital aging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 85-92.
63. Sitruk-Ware R. Estrogen therapy during menopause. Practical treatment recommendations. Drugs 1990; 39: 203-217.
64. Nordin BEC. Calcium and osteoporosis. Nutrition 1997; 13: 664-686.
65. Prior JC, Barr SI, Chow R, Faulkner RA. Physical activity as therapy for osteoporosis. Can Med Assoc J 1996; 55: 940-944.
66. Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broll J et al. Effect of oral Alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Alendronate Phase II Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1437-1443.
67. Saarto T, Blomqvist C, Valimaki M et al. Chemical castration induced by adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and flurouracil chemotherapy causes rapid bone loss that is reduced by clodronate: A randomized study in premenopausal breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 1341-1347.
68. Delmas PD, Balena R, Carfraveus E et al. Bisphosphonate risedronate prevents bone loss in women with artificial menopause due to chemotherapy of breast cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 955-963.
69. Paterson AHG, McCloskey EV, Ashley S et al. Reduction of skeletal morbidity and prevention of bone metastases with oral clodronate in women with recurrent breast cancer in the absence of skeletal metastases. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 104 (Abstr 81).
70. Hortobagyi GN, Theriault R, Porter L et al. Efficacy of Pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1785-1791.
71. Diel IJ, Solomayer EF, Goerner R et al. Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients with the bisphosphonate clodronate reduces incidence and number of bone and non-bone metastases. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 461a.
72. Fornander T, Rutqvist LE, Sjoberg HE. Long-term adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer: effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8: 1019-1024.
73. Love RR, Barden HS, Mazess RB et al. Effect of tamoxifen on lumbar spine bone mineral density in postmenopausal women after 5 years. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2585-2588.
74. Walsh BW, Kuller LH, Wild RA et al. Effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998; 279:1445-1485.
75. Cummings SR, Norton L, Eckert S, Grady J. Raloxifene reduces the risk of breast cancer and may decrease the risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. Two-year findings from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation (MORE) trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998; 17: 2a (Abstr 3).
76. Jordan VC, Glusman JE, Eckert S et al. Incident primary breast cancers are reduced by raloxifene: integrated data from multicenter, double-blind, randomized trials in ∼ 12 000 postmenopausal women. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1998; 17: 122a (Abstr 466).
77. Eagles CJ, Gulait R, Martin U. Non-pharmacological modification of cardiac risk factors. J Clin Pharm Therap 1996; 21: 289-296.
78. Hebert PR, Gaziano JM, Chan KS, Hennekens CH. Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs, risks of stroke, and total mortality. JAMA 1997; 278: 313-321.
79. Vaughan CJ, Murphy MB, Buckley BM. Statins do more than just lower cholesterol. Lancet 1996; 348: 1079-1082.
80. Thun MJ. NSAID use and decreased risk of gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenter Clin North Am 1996; 25: 333-348.
81. Goldberg RM, Loprinzi CL, O'Fallon JR et al. Transdermal clonidine for ameliorating tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 155-158.
82. Loprinzi CL, Michalak JC, Quella SK et al. Megestrol acetate for the prevention of hot flashes. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 347-352.
83. Barton D, Loprinzi CL, Quella SK et al. Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 495-500.
84. Loprinzi CL, Pisansky T, Fonseca R et al. Pilot evaluation of Venlafaxine hydrochloride for the therapy of hot flashes in cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 2377-2381.
85. Quella SK, Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA et al. Long term use of megestrol acetate for treatment of hot flashes in cancer survivors. Cancer 1998; 82: 1784-1788.
86. Quella SK, Loprinzi CL, Barton D et al. Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 1068-1074.
87. Chlebowski RT. Elements of informed consent for hormonal replacement therapy in patients with diagnosed breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; in press.