메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 1254-1264

Interaction among deer browsing, hunting, and tree regeneration

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; RECLAMATION;

EID: 0036433974     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/x02-043     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0030427824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and the consequences of species introductions and deletions
    • Abrams, P.A. 1996. Evolution and the consequences of species introductions and deletions. Ecology, 77: 1321-1328.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1321-1328
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 3
    • 0027505188 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of browse sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman browsing pressure
    • Anderson, R.C., and Katz, A.J. 1993. Recovery of browse sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman browsing pressure. Biol. Conserv. 63: 203-208.
    • (1993) Biol. Conserv. , vol.63 , pp. 203-208
    • Anderson, R.C.1    Katz, A.J.2
  • 4
    • 2242473410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of browsing deer on the regeneration of western red cedar in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)
    • Edited by A.J. Gaston. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Queen Charlotte, B.C.
    • Baltzinger, C., and Martin, J.-L. 1998. The effect of browsing deer on the regeneration of western red cedar in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands). In Laskeek Research 8. Edited by A.J. Gaston. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Queen Charlotte, B.C. pp. 42-65.
    • (1998) Laskeek Research , vol.8 , pp. 42-65
    • Baltzinger, C.1    Martin, J.-L.2
  • 5
    • 0003033723 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and soils of the Queen Charlotte Islands: Recent impact of development
    • Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C.
    • Banner, A., Pojar, J., Schwab, J.W., and Trowbridge, R. 1989. Vegetation and soils of the Queen Charlotte Islands: Recent impact of development. In The Outer Shores. Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C. pp. 261-279.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 261-279
    • Banner, A.1    Pojar, J.2    Schwab, J.W.3    Trowbridge, R.4
  • 7
    • 0030452690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of tree seedling establishment and mortality in a Ohio deciduous forest complex
    • Boerner, R.E.J., and Brinkman, J.A. 1996. Ten years of tree seedling establishment and mortality in a Ohio deciduous forest complex. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 123: 309-317.
    • (1996) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.123 , pp. 309-317
    • Boerner, R.E.J.1    Brinkman, J.A.2
  • 8
    • 0001346990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of fear: Optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions
    • Brown, J.S., Laundré, J.W., and Gurung, M. 1999. The ecology of fear: Optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions. J. Mammal. 80: 385-399.
    • (1999) J. Mammal. , vol.80 , pp. 385-399
    • Brown, J.S.1    Laundré, J.W.2    Gurung, M.3
  • 10
    • 0030806215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages
    • Bonsall, M.B., and Hassel, M.P. 1997. Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages. Nature (London), 388: 371-373.
    • (1997) Nature (London) , vol.388 , pp. 371-373
    • Bonsall, M.B.1    Hassel, M.P.2
  • 11
    • 0030430190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understory competition effect on tree growth and biomass allocation in a coastal old-growth forest cutover in British Columbia
    • Chang, S.X., Wheetman, G.F., and Preston, C.M. 1996. Understory competition effect on tree growth and biomass allocation in a coastal old-growth forest cutover in British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 83: 1-11.
    • (1996) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.83 , pp. 1-11
    • Chang, S.X.1    Wheetman, G.F.2    Preston, C.M.3
  • 13
    • 0034089228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests
    • Cornett, M.W., Frelich, L.E., Puettmann, C., and Reich, P.B. 2000. Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biol. Conserv. 93: 359-369.
    • (2000) Biol. Conserv. , vol.93 , pp. 359-369
    • Cornett, M.W.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Puettmann, C.3    Reich, P.B.4
  • 14
    • 0002468312 scopus 로고
    • Birds and mammals on the Queen Charlotte Islands
    • Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C.
    • Cowan, I. 1989. Birds and mammals on the Queen Charlotte Islands. In The Outer Shores. Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C. pp. 175-186.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 175-186
    • Cowan, I.1
  • 15
    • 1842360309 scopus 로고
    • Blackwell Scientific Publications, London
    • Crawley, M.J. 1993. GLIM for Ecologists. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
    • (1993) GLIM for Ecologists
    • Crawley, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 2242448429 scopus 로고
    • Coastal western red cedar regeneration: Problems and potentials
    • Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
    • Curran, M.P., and Dunsworth, B.G. 1988. Coastal western red cedar regeneration: Problems and potentials. In Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings. Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 20-32.
    • (1988) Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings , pp. 20-32
    • Curran, M.P.1    Dunsworth, B.G.2
  • 18
    • 0028994395 scopus 로고
    • Age structure of Thuja plicata in the tree layer of old-growth stands near Vancouver, British Columbia
    • Daniels, L.D., Marshall, P.L., Carter, R.E., and Klinka, K. 1995. Age structure of Thuja plicata in the tree layer of old-growth stands near Vancouver, British Columbia. Northwest Sci. 69: 175-183.
    • (1995) Northwest Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 175-183
    • Daniels, L.D.1    Marshall, P.L.2    Carter, R.E.3    Klinka, K.4
  • 19
    • 0002040490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in vegetation structure and diversity in relation to the presence of a large herbivore: The impact of introduced black-tailed deer on old growth forests in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)
    • Edited by A.J. Gaston. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Queen Charlotte, B.C.
    • Daufresne, T., and Martin, J.-L. 1997. Changes in vegetation structure and diversity in relation to the presence of a large herbivore: The impact of introduced black-tailed deer on old growth forests in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands). In Laskeek Research 7. Edited by A.J. Gaston. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Queen Charlotte, B.C. pp. 2-26.
    • (1997) Laskeek Research , vol.7 , pp. 2-26
    • Daufresne, T.1    Martin, J.-L.2
  • 20
    • 2242452805 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive biology of western red cedar with some observations on nursery production and prospects for seed orchards
    • Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
    • Edwards, D.G.W., and Leaden, C.L. 1988. The reproductive biology of western red cedar with some observations on nursery production and prospects for seed orchards. In Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings. Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 102-113.
    • (1988) Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings , pp. 102-113
    • Edwards, D.G.W.1    Leaden, C.L.2
  • 21
    • 0028340151 scopus 로고
    • Mixed mating in an experimental population of western redcedar, Thuja plicata
    • El-Kassaby, Y.A., Russel, J., and Ritland, K. 1994. Mixed mating in an experimental population of western redcedar, Thuja plicata. J. Hered. 85: 227-231.
    • (1994) J. Hered. , vol.85 , pp. 227-231
    • El-Kassaby, Y.A.1    Russel, J.2    Ritland, K.3
  • 24
    • 0022839172 scopus 로고
    • Predicting regeneration in the grand fir - Cedar - Hemlock ecosystem of the northern Rocky Mountains
    • Ferguson, D.E., Stage, A.R., and Boyd, R.J. 1986. Predicting regeneration in the grand fir - Cedar - Hemlock ecosystem of the northern Rocky Mountains. For. Sci. Monogr. 26.
    • (1986) For. Sci. Monogr. , vol.26
    • Ferguson, D.E.1    Stage, A.R.2    Boyd, R.J.3
  • 25
    • 0001375488 scopus 로고
    • Conservation on the Queen Charlotte Islands
    • Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C.
    • Foster, J.B. 1989. Conservation on the Queen Charlotte Islands. In The Outer Shores. Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C. pp. 281-301.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 281-301
    • Foster, J.B.1
  • 26
    • 0002224963 scopus 로고
    • Silvics of forest trees of the United States
    • Fowells, H.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 271. pp. 686-691.
    • (1965) U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. , vol.271 , pp. 686-691
    • Fowells, H.A.1
  • 27
    • 0028984554 scopus 로고
    • The competitive role of Gaultheria shallon on planted western hemlock and western red cedar saplings on northern Vancouver island
    • Fraser, C.H., Chanway, C.P., and Turkington, R. 1995. The competitive role of Gaultheria shallon on planted western hemlock and western red cedar saplings on northern Vancouver island. For. Ecol. Manage. 75: 27-39.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.75 , pp. 27-39
    • Fraser, C.H.1    Chanway, C.P.2    Turkington, R.3
  • 28
    • 0027075836 scopus 로고
    • A review of damage by mammals in north temperate forests: 1
    • Gill, R.M. 1992. A review of damage by mammals in north temperate forests: 1. Deer. Forestry, 65: 145-169.
    • (1992) Deer. Forestry , vol.65 , pp. 145-169
    • Gill, R.M.1
  • 29
    • 2242445736 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration and early growth of western red-cedar in the northern rocky mountains
    • Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
    • Graham, R.T., Mahoney, R.L., and Ferguson, D.E. 1988. Regeneration and early growth of western red-cedar in the northern rocky mountains. In Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings. Edited by N.J. Smith. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 33-38.
    • (1988) Western Red Cedar - Does it Have a Future? Conference Proceedings , pp. 33-38
    • Graham, R.T.1    Mahoney, R.L.2    Ferguson, D.E.3
  • 30
    • 0003520495 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between Sitka-black tailed deer and their habitat
    • Hanley, T.A. 1984. Relationships between Sitka-black tailed deer and their habitat. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-168.
    • (1984) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.PNW-168
    • Hanley, T.A.1
  • 31
    • 0001855790 scopus 로고
    • North Pacific coastal refugia - The Queen Charlotte Islands in perspective
    • Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C.
    • Heusser, C.J. 1989. North Pacific coastal refugia - The Queen Charlotte Islands in perspective. In The Outer Shores. Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C. pp. 91-106.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 91-106
    • Heusser, C.J.1
  • 32
    • 0031895156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening the extinction debate: Population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia
    • Hobbs, R.J., and Mooney, H.A. 1998. Broadening the extinction debate: Population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia. Conserv. Biol. 12: 271-283.
    • (1998) Conserv. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 271-283
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 33
    • 2242474326 scopus 로고
    • A visit to the Queen Charlotte Islands
    • Hopkinson, A.D. 1931. A visit to the Queen Charlotte Islands. Emp. For. J. 10: 20-36.
    • (1931) Emp. For. J. , vol.10 , pp. 20-36
    • Hopkinson, A.D.1
  • 34
    • 0001003642 scopus 로고
    • A twenty year record of understory vegetational change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest
    • Hough, A.F. 1965. A twenty year record of understory vegetational change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest. Ecology, 46: 370-373.
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 370-373
    • Hough, A.F.1
  • 35
    • 0032430580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of hunting on the behavior of white-tailed deer: Implications for conservation of the Florida panther
    • Kilgo, J.C., Labisky, R.F., and Fritzen, D.F. 1998. Influences of hunting on the behavior of white-tailed deer: Implications for conservation of the Florida panther. Conserv. Biol. 12: 1359-1364.
    • (1998) Conserv. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1359-1364
    • Kilgo, J.C.1    Labisky, R.F.2    Fritzen, D.F.3
  • 37
    • 0002541238 scopus 로고
    • Influence of hunting on movements of female mule deer
    • Kufeld, R.C., Bowden, D.C., and Schrupp, D.L. 1988. Influence of hunting on movements of female mule deer. J. Range Manage. 41: 70-72.
    • (1988) J. Range Manage. , vol.41 , pp. 70-72
    • Kufeld, R.C.1    Bowden, D.C.2    Schrupp, D.L.3
  • 39
    • 0003098440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduced species and their impacts on the forest ecosystem of Haida Gwaii
    • Edited by G. Wiggins. Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C.
    • Martin, J.L., and Daufresne, T. 1999. Introduced species and their impacts on the forest ecosystem of Haida Gwaii. In Proceedings of the Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, Victoria, B.C. Edited by G. Wiggins. Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. pp. 69-89.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, Victoria, B.C. , pp. 69-89
    • Martin, J.L.1    Daufresne, T.2
  • 41
    • 0029501323 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the density of roe deer Capreolus capreolus population subjected to heavy hunting pressure
    • McIntosh, R., Burlton, F.W.E., and McReddie, G. 1995. Monitoring the density of roe deer Capreolus capreolus population subjected to heavy hunting pressure. For. Ecol. Manage. 79: 99-106.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.79 , pp. 99-106
    • McIntosh, R.1    Burlton, F.W.E.2    McReddie, G.3
  • 42
    • 0030432809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary role of indirect effects in communities
    • Miller, T.E., and Travis, J. 1996. The evolutionary role of indirect effects in communities. Ecology, 77: 1319-1335.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1319-1335
    • Miller, T.E.1    Travis, J.2
  • 43
    • 0031544685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: Tradeoffs associated with migration
    • Nicholoson, M.C., Bowyer, R.T., and Kie, J.G. 1997. Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: Tradeoffs associated with migration. J. Mammol. 78: 483-504.
    • (1997) J. Mammol. , vol.78 , pp. 483-504
    • Nicholoson, M.C.1    Bowyer, R.T.2    Kie, J.G.3
  • 44
    • 2242451896 scopus 로고
    • Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford and Royal Statistical Society, London
    • Payne, C.D. 1986. The GLIM System, Release 3.77 Ed. Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford and Royal Statistical Society, London.
    • (1986) The GLIM System, Release 3.77 Ed.
    • Payne, C.D.1
  • 45
    • 0011701204 scopus 로고
    • Old-growth forests and introduced black-tailed deer on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
    • Edited by W.R. Meehan, T.R. Merrell, Jr., and T.A. Hanley. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists
    • Pojar, J., and Banner, A. 1984. Old-growth forests and introduced black-tailed deer on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. In Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-Growth Forests. Proceedings of a Symposium, 12-15 Apr. 1982, Juneau, Alaska. Edited by W.R. Meehan, T.R. Merrell, Jr., and T.A. Hanley. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, pp. 247-257
    • (1984) Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-Growth Forests. Proceedings of a Symposium, 12-15 Apr. 1982, Juneau, Alaska , pp. 247-257
    • Pojar, J.1    Banner, A.2
  • 47
    • 0001065592 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long term deer exclusion on a Pinus resinosa forest in north-central Minnesota
    • Ross, B.A., Bray, J.R., and Marshall, W.H. 1970. Effects of long term deer exclusion on a Pinus resinosa forest in north-central Minnesota. Ecology, 51: 1088-1093.
    • (1970) Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 1088-1093
    • Ross, B.A.1    Bray, J.R.2    Marshall, W.H.3
  • 49
    • 0030437519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How risky is biological control ?
    • Simberloff, D., and Stiling, P. 1996. How risky is biological control ? Ecology, 77: 1965-1974.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1965-1974
    • Simberloff, D.1    Stiling, P.2
  • 50
    • 2242431213 scopus 로고
    • Geology and non-renewable resources of the Queen Charlotte Islands
    • Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C.
    • Sutherland Brown, A., and Yorath, C.J. 1989. Geology and non-renewable resources of the Queen Charlotte Islands. In The Outer Shores. Edited by G.G.E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press, Skidegate, B.C. pp. 261-279.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 261-279
    • Sutherland Brown, A.1    Yorath, C.J.2
  • 51
    • 2242421368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is escaping deer browsing just a matter of time in Picea sitchensis?
    • In press
    • Vila, B., Vourc'h, G., Gillon, D., Martin, J.L., and Guibal, F. 2002. Is escaping deer browsing just a matter of time in Picea sitchensis? Trees. In press.
    • (2002) Trees
    • Vila, B.1    Vourc'h, G.2    Gillon, D.3    Martin, J.L.4    Guibal, F.5
  • 52
    • 0035026516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensive adaptations of Thuja plicata to ungulate browsing: A comparative study between mainland and island populations
    • Vourc'h, G., Martin, J.L., Duncan, P., Escarré, J., and Clausen, T. 2001. Defensive adaptations of Thuja plicata to ungulate browsing: A comparative study between mainland and island populations. Oecologia, 126: 84-93.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.126 , pp. 84-93
    • Vourc'h, G.1    Martin, J.L.2    Duncan, P.3    Escarré, J.4    Clausen, T.5
  • 53
    • 0030826913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The white-tailed deer: A keystone herbivore
    • Waller, D.M., and Alverson, W.S. 1997. The white-tailed deer: A keystone herbivore. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 217-226.
    • (1997) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.25 , pp. 217-226
    • Waller, D.M.1    Alverson, W.S.2
  • 54
    • 0001199775 scopus 로고
    • The self thinning rule
    • Westoby, M. 1984. The self thinning rule. Adv. Ecol. Res. 14. pp. 167-225.
    • (1984) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 167-225
    • Westoby, M.1
  • 55
    • 2242427551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, Victoria, B.C.
    • Wiggins, G. (Editor). 1999. Proceedings of the Cedar Symposium. Canada - British Columbia South Moresby Forest Replacement Account, Victoria, B.C.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the Cedar Symposium
    • Wiggins, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.