Voluntary toe-walking gait initiation: Electromyographical and biomechanical aspects

Experimental Brain Research

Volumn 147, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 313-321

  Couillandre, Annabelle ^a   Maton, Bernard ^a   Brenière, Yvon ^a  

^a INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

Centre of pressure; Gait initiation; Human; Locomotion; Posture; Toe walking

Indexed keywords

ANKLE; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; GAIT; HEEL; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOE; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; WALKING SPEED;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FOOT; GAIT; GRAVITY PERCEPTION; HEEL; HUMANS; MOVEMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; POSTURE; TIME FACTORS; TOES;

EID: 0036431526     PISSN: 00144819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1254-y     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Brenière Y, Do MC (1987) Modifications posturales associées au lever du talon dans l'initiation du pas de la marche normale. J Biophys Biomec 11:161-167
2. Brenière Y, Do MC, Sanchez J (1981) A biomechanical study of the gait initiation process. J Biophys Med Nucl 5:197-205
3. Brenière Y, Do MC, Bouisset S (1987) Are dynamic phenomena prior to stepping essential to walking? J Mot Behav 19:62-76
4. Brunt D, Lafferty MJ, McKeon A, Goode B, Mulhausen C, Polk P (1991) Invariant characteristics of gait initiation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 70:206-212
5. Burleigh A, Horak F (1996) Influence of instruction, prediction, and afferent sensory information on the postural organization of step initiation. J Neurophysiol 75:1619-1628
6. Burnfield JM, Gronley J, Mulroy SJ, Perry J (2001) Muscular demands at the ankle of toe walking. In: Abstracts of 6th Annual Meeting of Gait & Clinical Movement Analysis Society (GCMAS), Sacramento, 25-28 April 2001. Available online: http://www.gcmas.org/abstracts.html
7. Capaday C, Cody FWJ. Stein RB (1990) Reciprocal inhibition of soleus motor output in humans during walking and voluntary tonic activity. J Neurophysiol 64:607-616
8. Capaday C, Lavoie BA, Barbeau H, Schneider C, Bonnard M (1999) Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking. I. Responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 81:129-139
9. Carlsoo S (1966) The initiation of walking. Acta Anat 65:1-9
10. Caselli MA, Rzonca EC, Lue BY (1988) Habitual toe-walking, evaluation and approach to treatment. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 5:547-559
11. Cook T, Cozzens B (1976) Human solutions for locomotion: The initiation of gait. In: Herman RM, Grillner S, Stein PSG, Stuart DG (eds) Neural Control of Locomotion. Plenum, New York, pp 65-76
12. Cordo PJ, Nashner LM (1982) Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements. J Neurophysiol 47:287-302
13. Cottalorda J, Gautheron V, Metton G, Charmet E, Chavrier Y (2000) Toe-walking in children younger than six years with cerebral palsy. The contribution of serial corrective casts. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:541-544
14. Couillandre A, Brenière Y, Maton B (2000) Is human gait initiation program affected by a reduction of the postural basis? Neurosci Lett 285:150-154
15. Crenna P, Frigo C (1991) A motor programme for initiation of forward oriented movements in man. J Physiol (Lond) 437:635-653
16. Davids JR, Foti T, Dabelstein J, Bagley A (1999) Voluntary (normal) versus obligatory (cerebral palsy) toe-walking in children: A kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic analysis. J Pediatr Orthop 19:461-469
17. Griffin PP, Wheelhouse WW, Shiavi R, Bass W (1977) Habitual toe-walkers. A clinical and electromyographic gait analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59:97-101
18. Hicks R, Durinick N, Gage JR (1988) Differentiation of idiopathic toe-walking and cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 8:160-163
19. Kalen V, Adler N, Bleck EE (1986) Electromyography of idiopathic toe walking. J Pediatr Orthop 6:31-33
20. Kelly IP, Jenkinson A, Stephens M, O'Brien T (1997) The kinematic patterns of toe-walkers. J Pediatr Orthop 17:478-480
21. Kerrigan DC, Riley PO, Rogan S, Burke DT (2000) Compensatory advantages of toe walking. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81:38-44
22. Lavoie BA, Devanne H, Capaday C (1997) Differential control of reciprocal inhibition during walking versus postural and voluntary motor tasks in humans. J Neurophysiol 78:429-438
23. Lepers R, Brenière Y (1995) The role of anticipatory postural adjustments and gravity in gait initiation. Exp Brain Res 107:118-124
24. Lepers R, Brenière Y, Maton B (1999) Changes to the gait initiation programme following a running exercise in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 260:69-73
25. Lipshits MI, Mauritz K, Popov KE (1981) Quantitative analysis of anticipatory postural components of a complex voluntary movement. Fiziologiya Cheloveka 7:411-419
26. MacKinnon CD, Winter DA (1993) Control of whole body balance in the frontal plane during human walking. J Biomech 26:633-644
27. Mann RA, Hagy JL, White V, Liddell D (1979) The initiation of gait. J Bone Joint Surg 61:232-239
28. Nolan L, Kerrigan DC, Collins JJ (2001) Postural control mechanisms in normal and toe standing. In: Abstracts of 6th Annual Meeting of Gait & Clinical Movement Analysis Society (GCMAS), Sacramento, 25-28 April 2001. Available online: http://www.gcmas.org/abstracts.html
29. Papariello SG, Skinner SR (1985) Dynamic electromyography analysis of habitual toe-walkers. J Pediatr Orthop 5:171-175
30. Prince F, Winter DA, Stergiou P, Walt SE (1994) Anticipatory control of upper body balance during human locomotion. Gait Posture 2:19-25
31. Riley PO, Kerrigan DC (2001) The effect of voluntary toe-walking on body propulsion. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16:681-687
32. Rogers MW, Kukulka CG, Brunt D, Cain TD, Hanke TA (2001) The influence of stimulus cue on the initiation of stepping in young and older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:619-624
33. Schneider C, Lavoie BA, Capaday C (2000) On the origin of the soleus H-reflex modulation pattern during human walking and its task-dependent differences. J Neurophysiol 83:2881-2890
34. Tardieu C, Lespargot A, Tabary C, Bret MD (1989) Toe-walking in children with cerebral palsy: Contributions of contracture and excessive contraction of triceps surae muscle. Phys Ther 69:656-662
35. Winter DA, MacKinnon CD, Ruder GK, Wieman C (1993) An integrated EMG/biomechanical model of upper balance and posture during human gait. Prog Brain Res 97:359-367
36. Yamashita T, Katoh R (1976) Moving Pattern of Point of Application of Vertical Resultant Force during Level Walking. J Biomech 9:93-99
37. Yang JF, Whelan PJ (1993) Neural mechanisms that contribute to cyclical modulation of the soleus H-reflex in walking in humans. Exp Brain Res 95:547-556
38. Yang JF, Stein RB, James KB (1991) Contribution of peripheral afferents to the activation of the soleus muscle during walking in humans. Exp Brain Res 87:679-687