Gay but not queer: Toward a post-queer study of sexuality

Theory and Society

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 521-545

  Green, Adam Isaiah ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036424625     PISSN: 03042421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1020976902569     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. See, for instance, Henry Abelove, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993); and Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-31; and Josh Adamson, "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," in Social Problems 42/ 3 (1995): 390-407; and Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a 'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 105-142; and Dana Takagi, "Maiden Voyage: Excursion into Sexuality and Identity in Politics in Asian America," in Steve Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 243-258.
2. See, for instance, Henry Abelove, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993); and Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-31; and Josh Adamson, "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," in Social Problems 42/ 3 (1995): 390-407; and Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a 'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 105-142; and Dana Takagi, "Maiden Voyage: Excursion into Sexuality and Identity in Politics in Asian America," in Steve Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 243-258.
3. See, for instance, Henry Abelove, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993); and Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-31; and Josh Adamson, "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," in Social Problems 42/ 3 (1995): 390-407; and Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a 'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 105-142; and Dana Takagi, "Maiden Voyage: Excursion into Sexuality and Identity in Politics in Asian America," in Steve Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 243-258.
4. See, for instance, Henry Abelove, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993); and Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-31; and Josh Adamson, "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," in Social Problems 42/ 3 (1995): 390-407; and Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a 'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 105-142; and Dana Takagi, "Maiden Voyage: Excursion into Sexuality and Identity in Politics in Asian America," in Steve Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 243-258.
5. See, for instance, Henry Abelove, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 1993); and Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-31; and Josh Adamson, "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," in Social Problems 42/ 3 (1995): 390-407; and Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a 'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 105-142; and Dana Takagi, "Maiden Voyage: Excursion into Sexuality and Identity in Politics in Asian America," in Steve Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 243-258.
6. See, for instance, Charles Lemert's discussion of the significance of queer theory for sociology in "Editors Preface," in Steven Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), vii-ix;
7. or Stein and Plummer's enthusiastic engagement with queer theory in "I Can't Even Think Straight: 'Queer' Theory and the Missing Sexual Revolution in Sociology" in Steven Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 129-144.
8. Here I refer to the wide range of research that characterizes the study of sexuality in the last three decades, including contributions from sociology, anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, cinema studies, and history While much of this work might fall under the rubric of "lesbian and gay studies," I avoid this category because it excludes important recent efforts to problematize heterosexuality.
9. Heteronormativity refers to that set of institutionalized norms and practices that supports and compels private heterosexuality, marriage, family, monogamous dyadic commitment, and traditional gender roles.
10. Arlene Stein and Kenneth Plummner, "I Can't Even Think Straight: 'Queer' Theory and the Missing Sexual Revolution in Sociology," in Steven Seidman, editor, Queer theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 134.
11. See, among many others, Barry Adam's detailed discussion of the formation of "homosexual" movements in The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Boston: Twayne, 1995); or Lillian Faderman's discussion of the impact of sexological Categories on the formation of lesbian communities in Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America (New York: Penguin Books, 1991); or the wonderfully rich work of Frances Fitzgerald who studies gay life in the Castro, San Francisco just prior to and following the onset of HIV/AIDS in Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Cultures (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986).
12. See, among many others, Barry Adam's detailed discussion of the formation of "homosexual" movements in The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Boston: Twayne, 1995); or Lillian Faderman's discussion of the impact of sexological Categories on the formation of lesbian communities in Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America (New York: Penguin Books, 1991); or the wonderfully rich work of Frances Fitzgerald who studies gay life in the Castro, San Francisco just prior to and following the onset of HIV/AIDS in Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Cultures (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986).
13. See, among many others, Barry Adam's detailed discussion of the formation of "homosexual" movements in The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Boston: Twayne, 1995); or Lillian Faderman's discussion of the impact of sexological Categories on the formation of lesbian communities in Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America (New York: Penguin Books, 1991); or the wonderfully rich work of Frances Fitzgerald who studies gay life in the Castro, San Francisco just prior to and following the onset of HIV/AIDS in Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Cultures (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986).
14. For instance, Leo Bersani notes the prevalence of the eroticization of masculinity among gay men and their repugnance for femininity in "Is the Rectum a Grave?" in Douglas Crimp, editor, AIDS. Cultural Analysis Cultural Activism (Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1987), 197-222. Similarly, Bob Connell identifies the "moment of engagement" when gay men are socialized into dominant constructions of masculinity in "A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experience, and the Dynamics of Gender," American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 735-751.
15. For instance, Leo Bersani notes the prevalence of the eroticization of masculinity among gay men and their repugnance for femininity in "Is the Rectum a Grave?" in Douglas Crimp, editor, AIDS. Cultural Analysis Cultural Activism (Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1987), 197-222. Similarly, Bob Connell identifies the "moment of engagement" when gay men are socialized into dominant constructions of masculinity in "A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experience, and the Dynamics of Gender," American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 735-751.
16. On this point, see Tim Edwards "Queer Fears: Against the Cultural Turn," Sexualities 1/4 (1998): 471-483; and Josh Gamson's analysis of the limitations of the anti-identity position of queer politics in "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," Social Problems 42/3 (1995): 390-407; and also Stephen Murray's criticism of "medical creationism" in American Gay (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
17. On this point, see Tim Edwards "Queer Fears: Against the Cultural Turn," Sexualities 1/4 (1998): 471-483; and Josh Gamson's analysis of the limitations of the anti-identity position of queer politics in "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," Social Problems 42/3 (1995): 390-407; and also Stephen Murray's criticism of "medical creationism" in American Gay (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
18. On this point, see Tim Edwards "Queer Fears: Against the Cultural Turn," Sexualities 1/4 (1998): 471-483; and Josh Gamson's analysis of the limitations of the anti-identity position of queer politics in "Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma," Social Problems 42/3 (1995): 390-407; and also Stephen Murray's criticism of "medical creationism" in American Gay (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
19. Steven Seidman, "Introduction," in Steven Seidman, editor, Queer Theory/Sociology (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1996).
20. Tim Edwards, "Queer Fears: Against the Cultural Turn," Sexualities 1/4 (1998): 471-483.
21. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction (New York: Vintage, 1980).
22. Among others, see Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991); and David Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality (New York: Routledge, 1990), and also Annamarie Jagose, Queer theory: An Introduction (New York: New York Unviersity Press, 1996).
23. Among others, see Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991); and David Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality (New York: Routledge, 1990), and also Annamarie Jagose, Queer theory: An Introduction (New York: New York Unviersity Press, 1996).
24. Among others, see Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991); and David Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality (New York: Routledge, 1990), and also Annamarie Jagose, Queer theory: An Introduction (New York: New York Unviersity Press, 1996).
25. David Halperin, Saint Foucault: Toward a Gay Hagiography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 45.
26. Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 13-14.
27. Ibid., 23.
28. Ibid., 21.
29. Ibid., 27.
30. Ibid., 29.
31. David Halperin, Saint Foucault: Toward a Gay Hagiography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 32.
32. Annamarie Jagose, Queer theory: An Introduction (New York: New York University Press, 1996), 96.
33. Esther Newton, "Just One of the Boys: Lesbians in Cherry Grove, 1960-1988," in Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, editors, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York and London: Routledge, 1993), 528.
34. Ibid., 538.
35. Steven Seidman, "Identity Politics in a'Postmodern' Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes," in Michael Warner, editor, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 133-135.
36. Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, editor, Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), 24.
37. David Greenberg, The Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 493.
38. David Greenberg, Book Review, "Forms of Desire," by Ed Stein, Journal of Homosexuality 23/3 (1992): 122-123.
39. Ed Schur, Labeling Women Deviant: Gender, Stigma and Social Control (New York: McGraw Hill, 1971); and Erving Goffman, Stigma (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963).
40. Ed Schur, Labeling Women Deviant: Gender, Stigma and Social Control (New York: McGraw Hill, 1971); and Erving Goffman, Stigma (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963).
41. See, for instance, David Greenberg, The Social Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); and Gilbert Herdt, "Intergenerational Relations and AIDS in the Formation of Gay Cultures in the United States," in Martin Levine et al., editors, In Changing Times. Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
42. See, for instance, David Greenberg, The Social Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); and Gilbert Herdt, "Intergenerational Relations and AIDS in the Formation of Gay Cultures in the United States," in Martin Levine et al., editors, In Changing Times. Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
43. See, for instance, Frances Fitzgerald, Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Cultures (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986); and Martha Fowlkes, "Single Worlds and Homosexual Lifestyles: Patters of Sexuality and Intimacy," in Alice Rossi, editor, Sexuality Across the Life-Course (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
44. See, for instance, Frances Fitzgerald, Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Cultures (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986); and Martha Fowlkes, "Single Worlds and Homosexual Lifestyles: Patters of Sexuality and Intimacy," in Alice Rossi, editor, Sexuality Across the Life-Course (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
45. See, for instance, John Gonsiorek, "Gay Male Identities: Concepts and Issues," in Anthony D'Augelli and Charlotte Pattersons, editors, Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities over the Lifespan. Psychological Perspectives (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 24-47.
46. See, for instance, Jeffrey Escoffier, American Hero. Community and Perversity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998); and Gergory Herek, "On Heterosexual Masculinity: Some Psychical Consequences of Gender and Sexuality," in Linda Garnets and Douglas Kimmel, editors, Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experience (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 316-331.
47. See, for instance, Jeffrey Escoffier, American Hero. Community and Perversity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998); and Gergory Herek, "On Heterosexual Masculinity: Some Psychical Consequences of Gender and Sexuality," in Linda Garnets and Douglas Kimmel, editors, Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experience (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 316-331.
48. See, for instance, David Greenberg, The Social Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); Elizabeth Kennedy and Madeline Davis, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community (New York: Routledge, 1993); and R. Savin-Williams, "Lesbian, Gay Male and Bisexual Adolescents," in Anthony D'Augelli and Charlotte Pattersons, editors, Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities over the Lifespan. Psychological Perspectives (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 165-188.
49. See, for instance, David Greenberg, The Social Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); Elizabeth Kennedy and Madeline Davis, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community (New York: Routledge, 1993); and R. Savin-Williams, "Lesbian, Gay Male and Bisexual Adolescents," in Anthony D'Augelli and Charlotte Pattersons, editors, Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities over the Lifespan. Psychological Perspectives (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 165-188.
50. See, for instance, David Greenberg, The Social Construction of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); Elizabeth Kennedy and Madeline Davis, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community (New York: Routledge, 1993); and R. Savin-Williams, "Lesbian, Gay Male and Bisexual Adolescents," in Anthony D'Augelli and Charlotte Pattersons, editors, Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities over the Lifespan. Psychological Perspectives (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 165-188.
51. See, for instance, Michael Gorman, "The Pursuit of a Wish: An Anthropological Perspective on Gay Male Subcultures in Los Angeles" in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in America: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 87-106; and Martin Levine, "The Life and Death of the Gay Clone," in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in America: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 68-86.
52. See, for instance, Michael Gorman, "The Pursuit of a Wish: An Anthropological Perspective on Gay Male Subcultures in Los Angeles" in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in America: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 87-106; and Martin Levine, "The Life and Death of the Gay Clone," in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in America: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 68-86.
53. See Barry Adam, The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Boston: Twayne, 1995); and Donn Teal, The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America: 1969-1971 (New York: St. Martins Press, 1971).
54. See Barry Adam, The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Boston: Twayne, 1995); and Donn Teal, The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America: 1969-1971 (New York: St. Martins Press, 1971).
55. Among many others, see Manuel Castells, The City and the Grassroots (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983); and John D'Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1983); and Martin Weinberg and Collin Williams, Male Homosexuality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975).
56. Among many others, see Manuel Castells, The City and the Grassroots (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983); and John D'Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1983); and Martin Weinberg and Collin Williams, Male Homosexuality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975).
57. Among many others, see Manuel Castells, The City and the Grassroots (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983); and John D'Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1983); and Martin Weinberg and Collin Williams, Male Homosexuality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975).
58. The Internet is a fine example of this process. Web sites like "Gay.Com" or "Planet-Out" are founded on sexological categories and reproduce these as a means of attracting a customer base. Erotic chat rooms too are often organized around sexual classifications that serve as cyber landmarks around which one must orient herself.
59. Stephen Murray, American Gay (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 34.
60. Esther Newton, "Just One of the Boys: Lesbians in Cherry Grove, 1960-1988," in Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, editors, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader (New York and London: Routledge, 1993) 538.
61. Alexander Doty, The Lesbian Postmodern (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 3.
62. Eve Sedgwick, "Queer Performativity: Henry James' The Art of the Novel," in GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1/1 (1993): 1-16.
63. Alexander Doty, The Lesbian Postmodern (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).
64. See Michael Bronski, "Why Gay Men Can't Really Talk About Sex, " in Michael Lowenthal, editor, Gay Men at the Millennium (HELLO, 1997); and Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993); and Michael Warner, "We're Queer, Remember?" The Advocate 9/30 (1997): 7.
65. See Michael Bronski, "Why Gay Men Can't Really Talk About Sex, " in Michael Lowenthal, editor, Gay Men at the Millennium (HELLO, 1997); and Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993); and Michael Warner, "We're Queer, Remember?" The Advocate 9/30 (1997): 7.
66. See Michael Bronski, "Why Gay Men Can't Really Talk About Sex, " in Michael Lowenthal, editor, Gay Men at the Millennium (HELLO, 1997); and Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993); and Michael Warner, "We're Queer, Remember?" The Advocate 9/30 (1997): 7.
67. Michael Bronski, "Why Gay Men Can't Really Talk About Sex," in Michael Lowenthal, editor, Gay Men at the Millennium (HELLO, 1997).
68. Jeffrey Escoffier, American Hero, Community and Perversity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998), 183.
69. Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993). See also the same conflation in Warner, "We're Queer, Remember?" The Advocate 9/30 (1997): 7.
70. Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993). See also the same conflation in Warner, "We're Queer, Remember?" The Advocate 9/30 (1997): 7.
71. Both David Halperin and Eve Sedgwick make these distinctions in their work. See above.
72. Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), xxvi.
73. Michael Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), xxvi.
74. I b i d
75. Ibid. For instance, see pages vii, ix, xxi, xvi, xvii, xxv, xxvi.
76. Ibid. For instance, see pages xi, xii, xxvi, xxvii.
77. Scholars in this literature include George Chauncey, Bob Connell, Martin Levine, Simon and Gagnon, among many others.
78. Martin Levine, "The Life and Death of the Gay Clone," in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in American: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 68-86.
79. Martin Levine, "The Life and Death of the Gay Clone," in Gilbert Herdt, editor, Gay Culture in American: Essays From the Field (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 73.
80. Ibid., 77.
81. Ibid., 78.
82. Michael Kilmmel, "After Fifteen Years: The Impact of the Sociology of Masculinity on the Masculinity of Sociology," in J. Hearn and D. Morgans, editors, Men, Masculinities and Social Theory (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990). See, for a similar point on gay men and masculinity, Seymour Kleinberg, Alienated Affections (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980).
83. Michael Kilmmel, "After Fifteen Years: The Impact of the Sociology of Masculinity on the Masculinity of Sociology," in J. Hearn and D. Morgans, editors, Men, Masculinities and Social Theory (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990). See, for a similar point on gay men and masculinity, Seymour Kleinberg, Alienated Affections (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980).
84. George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940 (New York: Basic Books, 1994).
85. Ibid., 49-50, emphasis added.
86. Esther Newton, "Just One of the Boys: Lesbians in Cherry Grove, 1960-1988," in Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, editors, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. (New York and London: Routledge, 1993).
87. Brian Pronger, The Arena of Masculinity. Sports, Homosexuality, and the Meaning of Sex (New York: St. Martin's Press. 1990).
88. Gary Dowsett, Practicing Desire: Homosexual Sex in the Era of AIDS (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996).
89. See Bob Connell, "A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experiences, and the Dynamics of Gender," American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 735-751; and also Bob Connell, The Men and the Boys. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
90. See Bob Connell, "A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experiences, and the Dynamics of Gender," American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 735-751; and also Bob Connell, The Men and the Boys. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
91. Bob Connell, "A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experiences, and the Dynamics of Gender," American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 744
92. Ibid., 746.
93. Ibid., 748.