On the export of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Weddell Sea

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 49, Issue 21, 2002, Pages 4715-4742

  Naveira Garabato, Alberto C ^a   McDonagh, Elaine L ^a   Stevens, David P ^a   Heywood, Karen J ^a   Sanders, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATCHMENTS; HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS; SEAWATER; VENTILATION;

BOTTOM WATER;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; DEEP WATER VENTILATION; VOLUME TRANSPORT;

WEDDELL SEA;

EID: 0036406711     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00156-X     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Arhan, M., Heywood, K.J., King, B.A., 1999. The deep waters from the Southern Ocean at the entry to the Argentine Basin. Deep-Sea Research II 46, 475-499.
2. Barber, M., Crane, D., 1995. Current flow in the north-west Weddell Sea. Antarctic Science 7, 39-50.
3. Beckmann, A., Hellmer, H.H., Timmermann, R., 1999. A numerical model of the Weddell Sea: large-scale circulation and water mass distribution. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 23375-23391.
4. Broecker, W.S., Peacock, S.L., Walker, S., Weiss, R., Fahrbach, E., Schroeder, M., Mikolajewicz, U., Heinze, C., Key, R., Peng, T.-H., Rubin, S., 1998. How much deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 15833-15843.
5. Carmack, E.C., 1977. Water characteristics of the Southern Ocean south of the Polar Front. In: Angel, M. (Ed.), A Voyage of Discovery, George Deacon 70th Anniversary Volume. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 15-41.
6. Carmack, E.C., Foster, T.D., 1975. On the flow of water out of the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research 22, 711-724.
7. Egbert, G.D., Bennett, A.F., Foreman, M.G.G., 1994. TOPEX/POSEIDON tides estimated using a global inverse model. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 24821-24852.
8. Fahrbach, E., Rohardt, G., Krause, G., 1992. The Antarctic Coastal Current in the southeastern Weddell Sea. Polar Biology 12, 171-182.
9. Fahrbach, E., Rohardt, G., Schröder, M., Strass, V., 1994. Transport and structure of the Weddell Gyre. Annales Geophysicae 12, 840-855.
10. Fahrbach, E., Rohardt, G., Scheele, N., Schröder, M., Strass, V., Wisotzki, A., 1995. Formation and discharge of deep and bottom water in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Journal of Marine Research 53, 515-538.
11. Fahrbach, E., Harms, S., Rohardt, G., Schröder, M., Woodgate, R.A., 2001. Flow of bottom water in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 2761-2778.
12. Fischer, J., Visbeck, M., 1993. Deep velocity profiling with self-contained ADCPs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 10, 764-773.
13. Foldvik, A., Gammelsrød, T., Tørresen, T., 1985. Circulation and water masses on the southern Weddell Sea shelf. In: Jacobs, S.S. (Ed.), Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf. Antarctic Research Series 43, pp. 5-20.
14. Foster, T.D., Carmack, E.C., 1976. Frontal zone mixing and Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the southern Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research 23, 301-317.
15. Friedrichs, M.A.M., 1993. Meridional circulation in the tropical North Atlantic. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report, WHOI-93-06.
16. Gill, A., 1973. Circulation and bottom water production in the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research 20, 111-140.
17. Gordon, A.L., 1966. Potential temperature, oxygen and circulation of bottom water in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research 13, 1125-1138.
18. Gordon, A.L., 1998. Western Weddell Sea thermohaline stratification. In: Jacobs, S.S., Weiss, R.F. (Eds.), Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin. Antarctic Research Series 75, pp. 215-240.
19. Gordon, A.L., Huber, B.A., 1990. Southern Ocean winter mixed layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 11655-11672.
20. Gordon, A.L., Huber, B.A., Hellmer, H., Ffield, A., 1993. Deep and bottom water of the Weddell Sea's western rim. Science 262, 95-97.
21. Gordon, A.L., Mensch, M., Dong, Z., Smethie Jr., W.M., de Bettencourt, J., 2000. Deep and bottom water of the Bransfield Strait eastern and central basins. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 11337-11346.
22. Gordon, A.L., Visbeck, M., Huber, B., 2001. Export of Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Water. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 9005-9017.
23. Gouretski, V., Jancke, K., 1998. A new world ocean climatology: Objective analysis on neutral surfaces. WOCE Rep. 256/17, WOCE Hydrographic Programme Special Analysis Centre, Hamburg, Germany.
24. Harms, S., Fahrbach, E., Strass, V.H., 2001. Sea ice transports in the Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 9057-9073.
25. Hellerman, S., Rosenstein, M., 1983. Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates. Journal of Physical Oceanography 13, 1093-1104.
26. Hellmer, H.H., Beckmann, A., 2001. The Southern Ocean: a ventilation contributor with multiple sources. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 2927-2930.
27. Heywood, K.J., King, B.A., 1996. WOCE Section A23 cruise Report. UEA Cruise Report series No. 1, UEA publications, Norwich, UK.
28. Heywood, K.J., King, B.A., 2002. Water masses and baroclinic transports in the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Journal of Marine Research, submitted for publication.
29. Heywood, K.J., Stevens, D.P., 2000. ALBATROSS cruise Report. UEA Cruise Report series No. 6, UEA publications, Norwich, UK.
30. Heywood, K.J., Locarnini, R.A., Frew, R.D., Dennis, P.F., King, B.A., 1998. Transport and water masses of the Antarctic Slope Front system in the eastern Weddell Sea. In: Jacobs, S.S., Weiss, R.F. (Eds.), Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin. Antarctic Research Series 75, pp. 203-214.
31. Hoppema, M., Klatt, O., Roether, W., Fahrbach, E., Bulsiewicz, K., Rodehacke, C., Rohardt, G., 2001. Prominent renewal of Weddell Sea Deep Water from a remote source. Journal of Marine Research 59, 257-279.
32. Jackett, D.R., McDougall, T.J., 1997. A neutral density variable for the world's oceans. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27, 237-263.
33. Locarnini, R.A., Whitworth III, T., Nowlin Jr., W.D., 1993. The importance of the Scotia Sea on the outflow of Weddell Sea Deep Water. Journal of Marine Research 51, 135-153.
34. López, O., García, M.A., Gomis, D., Rojas, P., Sospedra, J., Sánchez-Arcilla, A., 1999. Hydrographic and hydrodynamic characteristics of the eastern basin of the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica). Deep-Sea Research I 46, 1755-1778.
35. Lytle, V.I., Ackley, S.F., 1996. Heat flux through sea ice in the western Weddell Sea: convective and conductive transfer processes. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 8853-8868.
36. Martinson, D., 1994. Ocean heat and sea ice thickness in the Southern Ocean. In: Peltier, W. (Ed.), Ice in the Climate System. Springer, New York, pp. 597-610.
37. Martinson, D.G., Iannuzzi, R.A., 1998. Antarctic ocean-ice interaction: implications from ocean bulk property distributions in the Weddell Gyre. In: Jeffries, M. (Ed.), Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions and Variability. Antarctic Research Series 74, pp. 243-271.
38. Matano, R.P., Gordon, A.L., Muench, R.D., Palma, E.D., 2002. A numerical study of the circulation in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (21), 4827-4841.
39. McPhee, M.G., Kottmeier, C., Morison, J.H., 1999. Ocean heat flux in the central Weddell Sea during winter. Journal of Physical Oceanography 29, 1166-1179.
40. Mensch, M., Bayer, R., Bullister, J.L., Schlosser, P., Weiss, R.F., 1997. The distribution of tritium and CFCs in the Weddell Sea during the mid-1980s. Progress in Oceanography 38, 377-414.
41. Meredith, M.P., Locarnini, R.A., Van Scoy, K.A., Watson, A.J., Heywood, K.J., King, B.A., 2000. On the sources of Weddell Gyre Antarctic Bottom Water. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 1093-1104.
42. Meredith, M.P., Naveira Garabato, A.C., Stevens, D.P., Heywood, K.J., Sanders, R.J., 2001a. Deep and bottom waters in the eastern Scotia Sea: rapid changes in properties and circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31, 2157-2168.
43. Meredith, M.P., Watson, A.J., van Scoy, K.A., Haine, T.W.N., 2001b. Chlorofluorocarbon-derived formation rates of the deep and bottom waters of the Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 2899-2919.
44. Morgan, P.P., 1994. Box Inverse Modelling with DOBOX 4.2. CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 225.
45. Muench, R.D., Gordon, A.L., 1995. Circulation and transport of water along the western Weddell Sea margin. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 18503-18515.
46. Naveira Garabato, A.C., Heywood, K.J., Stevens, D.P., 2002. Modification and pathways of Southern Ocean deep waters in the Scotia Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 49, 681-705.
47. Orsi, A.H., Nowlin Jr., W.D., Whitworth III, T., 1993. On the circulation and stratification of the Weddell Gyre. Deep-Sea Research I 40, 169-203.
48. Orsi, A.H., Whitworth III, T., Nowlin Jr., W.D., 1995. On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research I 42, 641-673.
49. Orsi, A.H., Johnson, G.C., Bullister, J.L., 1999. Circulation, mixing and production of Antarctic Bottom Water. Progress in Oceanography 43, 55-109.
50. Pedlosky, J., 1994. Ridges and recirculations: gaps and jets. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24, 2703-2707.
51. Petit, B., Norro, A., 2000. Seasonal evolution of sea ice and oceanic heat flux in the Weddell Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 27, 37-52.
52. Reid, J.L., Nowlin Jr., W.D., Patzert, W.C., 1977. On the characteristics and circulation of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 7, 62-91.
53. Rintoul, S.R., 1991. South Atlantic interbasin exchange. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 5493-5550.
54. Rintoul, S.R., 1998. On the origin and influence of Adélie Land Bottom Water. In: Jacobs, S.S., Weiss, R.F. (Eds.), Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere. Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin. Antarctic Research Series 75, pp. 151-171.
55. Robertson, R.A., Padman, L., Levine, M.D., 1995. Fine structure, microstructure and vertical mixing in the upper ocean in the western Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 18517-18536.
56. Schodlok, M.P., Hellmer, H.H., Beckmann, A., 2002. On the transport, variability and origin of dense water masses crossing the South Scotia Ridge. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (21), 4807-4825.
57. Schodlok, M.P., Rodehacke, C.B., Hellmer, H.H., Beckmann, A., 2001. On the origin of the deep CFC maximum in the eastern Weddell Sea-numerical model results. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 2859-2862.
58. Schröder, M., Hellmer, H.H., Absy, J.M., 2002. On the near-bottom variability in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (21), 4767-4790.
59. Sloyan, B.M., Rintoul, S.R., 2000. Estimates of area-averaged diapycnal fluxes from basin-scale budgets. Journal of Physical Oceanography 30, 2320-2341.
60. Sloyan, B.M., Rintoul, S.R., 2001. The Southern Ocean limb of the global deep overturning circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31, 143-173.
61. Smith, W.H.F., Sandwell, D.T., 1997. Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Science 277, 1956-1962.
62. Trenberth, K.E., Olson, J.G., Large, W.G., 1989. A global ocean wind stress climatology based on ECMWF analyses. Technical Report NCAR/TN-338 + STR, National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 93pp.
63. Weiss, R.F., Östlund, H.G., Craig, H., 1979. Geochemical studies of the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research 26, 1093-1120.
64. Weppernig, R., Schlosser, P., Khatiwala, S., Fairbanks, R.G., 1996. Isotope data from Ice Station Weddell: implications for deep water formation in the Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 25723-25740.
65. Whitworth III, T., Nowlin Jr., W.D., Orsi, A.H., Locarnini, R.A., Smith, S.G., 1994. Weddell Sea Shelf Water in the Bransfield Strait and Weddell-Scotia Confluence. Deep-Sea Research I 41, 629-641.
66. Whitworth III, T., Orsi, A.H., Kim, S.-J., Nowlin Jr., W.D., Locarnini, R.A., 1998. Water masses and mixing near the Antarctic Slope Front. In: Jacobs, S.S., Weiss, R.F. (Eds.), Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin. Antarctic Research Series 75, pp. 1-27.
67. Wunsch, C., 1996. The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem. Cambridge University Press, New York.
68. Yaremchuk, M., Nechaev, D., Schröter, J., Fahrbach, E., 1998. A dynamically consistent analysis of circulation and transports in the southwestern Weddell Sea. Annales Geophysicae 16, 1024-1038.