메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 147, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 640-649

Guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus

Author keywords

Guidelines; Lichen sclerosus

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBENZOATE POTASSIUM; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ANTIPRURITIC AGENT; BETAMETHASONE; CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE; CYCLOSPORIN A; ESTROGEN; OXATOMIDE; PROGESTERONE; PSORALEN; RETINOID DERIVATIVE; STANOZOLOL; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 0036405032     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05012.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (193)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0011089727 scopus 로고
    • Leçons clinique sur les maladies cutanées et syphilitique
    • Hallopeau H. Leçons clinique sur les maladies cutanées et syphilitique. Union Med 1887; 43: 742-7.
    • (1887) Union Med , vol.43 , pp. 742-747
    • Hallopeau, H.1
  • 2
    • 0011110161 scopus 로고
    • Lichen plan sclereux
    • Hallopeau H. Lichen plan sclereux. Ann Dermatol Syph 1889; 10: 447-9.
    • (1889) Ann Dermatol Syph , vol.10 , pp. 447-449
    • Hallopeau, H.1
  • 3
    • 0000484340 scopus 로고
    • Lichen plan sclereux
    • Darier J. Lichen plan sclereux. Ann Dermatol Syph 1892; 3: 833-7.
    • (1892) Ann Dermatol Syph , vol.3 , pp. 833-837
    • Darier, J.1
  • 4
    • 0003077967 scopus 로고
    • Über kraurosis vulvae
    • Breisky D. Über Kraurosis vulvae. Z Heilkd 1885; 6: 69-80.
    • (1885) Z Heilkd , vol.6 , pp. 69-80
    • Breisky, D.1
  • 5
    • 0032711386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell hyperplasia to graduated topical steroids
    • Clarke J, Etherington IJ, Luesley D. Response of vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell hyperplasia to graduated topical steroids. J Reprod Med 1999; 44: 958-62.
    • (1999) J Reprod Med , vol.44 , pp. 958-962
    • Clarke, J.1    Etherington, I.J.2    Luesley, D.3
  • 6
    • 0020343149 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence of localized immunologic damage in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Dickie RJ, Horne CHW, Sutherland HW. Direct evidence of localized immunologic damage in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35: 1395-9.
    • (1982) J Clin Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 1395-1399
    • Dickie, R.J.1    Horne, C.H.W.2    Sutherland, H.W.3
  • 7
    • 0025958569 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical evidence of skin immune system involvement in vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Carli P, Cattaneo A, Pimpenelli N et al. Immunohistochemical evidence of skin immune system involvement in vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Dermatologica 1991; 182: 18-22.
    • (1991) Dermatologica , vol.182 , pp. 18-22
    • Carli, P.1    Cattaneo, A.2    Pimpenelli, N.3
  • 8
    • 0033057994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus: Evidence that immunological changes occur at all levels of the skin
    • Farrell AM, Marren P, Dean D, Wojnarowska F. Lichen sclerosus: Evidence that immunological changes occur at all levels of the skin. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140: 1087-92.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 1087-1092
    • Farrell, A.M.1    Marren, P.2    Dean, D.3    Wojnarowska, F.4
  • 9
  • 10
    • 0019782758 scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the incidence of autoimmune disorders in patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Harrington CI, Dunsmore IR. An investigation into the incidence of autoimmune disorders in patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Br J Dermatol 1981; 104: 563-6.
    • (1981) Br J Dermatol , vol.104 , pp. 563-566
    • Harrington, C.I.1    Dunsmore, I.R.2
  • 11
    • 0021053375 scopus 로고
    • The association of lichen sclerosus atrophicus and autoimmune related disease in males
    • Meyrick Thomas RH, Ridley CM, Black MM. The association of lichen sclerosus atrophicus and autoimmune related disease in males. Br J Dermatol 1983; 109: 661-4.
    • (1983) Br J Dermatol , vol.109 , pp. 661-664
    • Meyrick Thomas, R.H.1    Ridley, C.M.2    Black, M.M.3
  • 12
    • 0028953057 scopus 로고
    • The associations between lichen sclerosus and antigens of the HLA system
    • Marren P, Charnock FM, Bunce M et al. The associations between lichen sclerosus and antigens of the HLA system. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132: 197-203.
    • (1995) Br J Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 197-203
    • Marren, P.1    Charnock, F.M.2    Bunce, M.3
  • 13
    • 0033049287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus in adult men: A study of HLA associations and susceptibility to autoimmune disease
    • Azurdia RM, Luzzi GA, Byren L et al. Lichen sclerosus in adult men: A study of HLA associations and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140: 79-83.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 79-83
    • Azurdia, R.M.1    Luzzi, G.A.2    Byren, L.3
  • 14
    • 0009587212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus premenarche: Autoimmunity and immunogenetics
    • Powell J, Wojnarowska F, Winsey S et al. Lichen sclerosus premenarche: Autoimmunity and immunogenetics. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 481-4.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 481-484
    • Powell, J.1    Wojnarowska, F.2    Winsey, S.3
  • 15
    • 0029761497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Borrelia burgdorferi in the pathogenesis of morphea/scleroderma and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: A PCR study of thirty five cases
    • De Vito JR, Merogi AJ, Vo T et al. Role of Borrelia burgdorferi in the pathogenesis of morphea/scleroderma and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: A PCR study of thirty five cases. J Cutan Pathol 1996; 23: 350-8.
    • (1996) J Cutan Pathol , vol.23 , pp. 350-358
    • De Vito, J.R.1    Merogi, A.J.2    Vo, T.3
  • 16
    • 0031053567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Borrelia burgdoferi DNA (B. garinii or B. afzelii) in morphoea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus tissue of German and Japanese but not of US patients
    • Fujiwara H, Fujiwara K, Hashimoto K et al. Detection of Borrelia burgdoferi DNA (B. garinii or B. afzelii) in morphoea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus tissue of German and Japanese but not of US patients. Arch Dermatol 1997; 133: 41-4.
    • (1997) Arch Dermatol , vol.133 , pp. 41-44
    • Fujiwara, H.1    Fujiwara, K.2    Hashimoto, K.3
  • 18
    • 0027397323 scopus 로고
    • Genital lichen sclerosus (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus) in childhood and adolescence
    • Ridley CM. Genital lichen sclerosus (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus) in childhood and adolescence. J R Soc Med 1993; 86: 69-75.
    • (1993) J R Soc Med , vol.86 , pp. 69-75
    • Ridley, C.M.1
  • 19
    • 0030772394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of clinical and aetiological factors and possible associations of lichen sclerosus in males
    • Lipscombe TK, Wayte J, Wojnarowska F et al. A study of clinical and aetiological factors and possible associations of lichen sclerosus in males. Australas J Dermatol 1997; 38: 132-6.
    • (1997) Australas J Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 132-136
    • Lipscombe, T.K.1    Wayte, J.2    Wojnarowska, F.3
  • 20
    • 0023269813 scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children misdiagnosed as sexual abuse
    • Handfield Jones SE, Hinde FR, Kennedy CTC. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children misdiagnosed as sexual abuse. Br Med J 1987; 294: 1404-5.
    • (1987) Br Med J , vol.294 , pp. 1404-1405
    • Handfield Jones, S.E.1    Hinde, F.R.2    Kennedy, C.T.C.3
  • 21
    • 0030459546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus and sexual abuse
    • Warrington S, San Lazaro C. Lichen sclerosus and sexual abuse. Arch Dis Child 1996; 75: 512-16.
    • (1996) Arch Dis Child , vol.75 , pp. 512-516
    • Warrington, S.1    San Lazaro, C.2
  • 22
    • 0032694075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of preputial lichen sclerosus in adults: Histologic study of circumcision specimens
    • Aynaud O, Piron D, Casanova JM. Incidence of preputial lichen sclerosus in adults: Histologic study of circumcision specimens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 923-6.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.41 , pp. 923-926
    • Aynaud, O.1    Piron, D.2    Casanova, J.M.3
  • 23
    • 0030778542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Findings after complete circumcision
    • Liatsikos EN, Perimenis P, Dandinis K et al. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Findings after complete circumcision. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997; 31: 453-6.
    • (1997) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.31 , pp. 453-456
    • Liatsikos, E.N.1    Perimenis, P.2    Dandinis, K.3
  • 24
    • 0021271972 scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. A common and distinctive cause of phimosis in boys
    • Chalmers RJ, Burton PA, Bennett RF et al. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. A common and distinctive cause of phimosis in boys. Arch Dermatol 1984; 120: 1025-7.
    • (1984) Arch Dermatol , vol.120 , pp. 1025-1027
    • Chalmers, R.J.1    Burton, P.A.2    Bennett, R.F.3
  • 25
    • 0028065474 scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus causing phimosis in boys: A prospective study with 5-year follow up after complete circumcision
    • Meuli M, Briner J, Hanimann B. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus causing phimosis in boys: A prospective study with 5-year follow up after complete circumcision. J Urol 1994; 152: 987-9.
    • (1994) J Urol , vol.152 , pp. 987-989
    • Meuli, M.1    Briner, J.2    Hanimann, B.3
  • 27
    • 0022553516 scopus 로고
    • Histologic criteria for lichen sclerosus of the vulva
    • Hewitt J. Histologic criteria for lichen sclerosus of the vulva. J Reprod Med 1986; 31: 781-7.
    • (1986) J Reprod Med , vol.31 , pp. 781-787
    • Hewitt, J.1
  • 28
    • 0030742546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulval lichen sclerosus: Lack of correlation between duration of clinical symptoms and histological appearances
    • Marren P, Millard PR, Wojnarowska F. Vulval lichen sclerosus: Lack of correlation between duration of clinical symptoms and histological appearances. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1997; 8: 212-16.
    • (1997) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.8 , pp. 212-216
    • Marren, P.1    Millard, P.R.2    Wojnarowska, F.3
  • 29
    • 0024502786 scopus 로고
    • Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 5 cases
    • Brisgotti M, Moreno A, Murcia C et al. Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 5 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1989; 8: 1-7.
    • (1989) Int J Gynecol Pathol , vol.8 , pp. 1-7
    • Brisgotti, M.1    Moreno, A.2    Murcia, C.3
  • 30
    • 0034521565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical study of 23 cases of female anogenital carcinoma
    • Derrick EK, Ridley CM, Kobza-Black A et al. A clinical study of 23 cases of female anogenital carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 1217-23.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 1217-1223
    • Derrick, E.K.1    Ridley, C.M.2    Kobza-Black, A.3
  • 31
    • 0022378207 scopus 로고
    • Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva in association with vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Meyrick Thomas RH, McGibbon DH, Munro DD. Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva in association with vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. J R Soc Med 1985; 78: 16-18.
    • (1985) J R Soc Med , vol.78 , pp. 16-18
    • Meyrick Thomas, R.H.1    McGibbon, D.H.2    Munro, D.D.3
  • 32
    • 0021751721 scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma in association with lichen sclerosus on the vulva of a 14 year old
    • Friedman RJ, Kopf AW, Jones WB. Malignant melanoma in association with lichen sclerosus on the vulva of a 14 year old. Am J Dermatopathol 1984; 6 (Suppl. 1): 253-6.
    • (1984) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 253-256
    • Friedman, R.J.1    Kopf, A.W.2    Jones, W.B.3
  • 34
    • 0028877130 scopus 로고
    • Squamous cell carcinoma arising in lichen sclerosus: A longitudinal cohort study
    • Carli P, Cattaneo A, De Magnis A et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in lichen sclerosus: A longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prevention 1995; 4: 491-5.
    • (1995) Eur J Cancer Prevention , vol.4 , pp. 491-495
    • Carli, P.1    Cattaneo, A.2    De Magnis, A.3
  • 35
    • 0016745050 scopus 로고
    • Relation of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva to development of carcinoma
    • Hart WR, Norris HJ, Helwig EB. Relation of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva to development of carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 1975; 45: 369-77.
    • (1975) Obstet Gynecol , vol.45 , pp. 369-377
    • Hart, W.R.1    Norris, H.J.2    Helwig, E.B.3
  • 36
    • 0025638973 scopus 로고
    • The epithelial changes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A review of the clinical, histologic and viral findings in 78 women
    • Leibowitch M, Neill S, Pelisse M, Moyal Barracco M. The epithelial changes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A review of the clinical, histologic and viral findings in 78 women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 1135-9.
    • (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.97 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Leibowitch, M.1    Neill, S.2    Pelisse, M.3    Moyal Barracco, M.4
  • 37
    • 0031435515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of squamous cell carcinoma and lichen sclerosus; implications for follow up
    • Walkden V, Chia Y, Wojnarowska F. The association of squamous cell carcinoma and lichen sclerosus; implications for follow up. J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 17: 551-3.
    • (1997) J Obstet Gynecol , vol.17 , pp. 551-553
    • Walkden, V.1    Chia, Y.2    Wojnarowska, F.3
  • 38
    • 0031964984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of alterations adjacent to invasive vulvar cancer and their relationship with the associated carcinoma: A study of 67 cases
    • Vilmer C, Cavelier-Balloy B, Nogues C et al. Analysis of alterations adjacent to invasive vulvar cancer and their relationship with the associated carcinoma: A study of 67 cases. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 1998; 19: 25-31.
    • (1998) Eur J Gynecol Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 25-31
    • Vilmer, C.1    Cavelier-Balloy, B.2    Nogues, C.3
  • 40
    • 0025949527 scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus infection in vulvar lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Kiene P, Milde-Langosch K, Löning T. Human papillomavirus infection in vulvar lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Arch Dermatol Res 1991; 283: 445-8.
    • (1991) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.283 , pp. 445-448
    • Kiene, P.1    Milde-Langosch, K.2    Löning, T.3
  • 41
    • 0027500275 scopus 로고
    • Conservative management of early vulvar cancer
    • Hacker NF, van der Velden J. Conservative management of early vulvar cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 1673-7.
    • (1993) Cancer , vol.71 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Hacker, N.F.1    Van der Velden, J.2
  • 42
    • 0032741597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus
    • Nasca MR, Innocenzi D, Micali G. Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 911-14.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.41 , pp. 911-914
    • Nasca, M.R.1    Innocenzi, D.2    Micali, G.3
  • 43
    • 0034817712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of lichen sclerosus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
    • Powell J, Robson A, Cranston D et al. High incidence of lichen sclerosus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 85-9.
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.145 , pp. 85-89
    • Powell, J.1    Robson, A.2    Cranston, D.3
  • 45
    • 2642672011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus is present in some cases of childhood penile lichen sclerosus: An in situ hybridisation and SP-PCR study
    • Drut RM, Gomez MA, Biology L et al. Human papillomavirus is present in some cases of childhood penile lichen sclerosus: An in situ hybridisation and SP-PCR study. Pediatr Dermatol 1998; 15: 85-90.
    • (1998) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.15 , pp. 85-90
    • Drut, R.M.1    Gomez, M.A.2    Biology, L.3
  • 46
    • 0033042665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penile lichen sclerosus treated with clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% cream: A retrospective clinical and histopathological study
    • Dahlman-Ghozlan K, von Hedblad MA, Krogh G. Penile lichen sclerosus treated with clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% cream: A retrospective clinical and histopathological study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40: 451-7.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.40 , pp. 451-457
    • Dahlman-Ghozlan, K.1    Von Hedblad, M.A.2    Krogh, G.3
  • 47
    • 0029093924 scopus 로고
    • The detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in intraepithelial, in situ, verrucous and invasive carcinoma of the penis
    • Cupp MR, Malek RS, Goellner JR et al. The detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in intraepithelial, in situ, verrucous and invasive carcinoma of the penis. J Urol 1995; 154: 1024-9.
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.154 , pp. 1024-1029
    • Cupp, M.R.1    Malek, R.S.2    Goellner, J.R.3
  • 48
    • 0029121498 scopus 로고
    • Detection of human papillomavirus types in balanitis xerotica obliterans and other penile conditions
    • Lau PW, Cook N, Andrews H et al. Detection of human papillomavirus types in balanitis xerotica obliterans and other penile conditions. Genitourin Med 1995; 71: 228-30.
    • (1995) Genitourin Med , vol.71 , pp. 228-230
    • Lau, P.W.1    Cook, N.2    Andrews, H.3
  • 49
    • 0036155762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perineoplasty for the treatment of introital stenosis related to vulvar lichen sclerosus
    • Rouzier R, Haddad B, Deyrolle C et al. Perineoplasty for the treatment of introital stenosis related to vulvar lichen sclerosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: 49-52.
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.186 , pp. 49-52
    • Rouzier, R.1    Haddad, B.2    Deyrolle, C.3
  • 50
    • 0000876117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical procedures in benign vulval disease
    • (Ridley CM, Neill SM, eds). Oxford: Blackwell Science
    • Paniel B. Surgical procedures in benign vulval disease. In: The Vulva (Ridley CM, Neill SM, eds). Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1999; 288-90.
    • (1999) The Vulva , pp. 288-290
    • Paniel, B.1
  • 51
    • 0029014019 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lichen sclerosus on sexual function and parturition
    • Dalziel K. Effect of lichen sclerosus on sexual function and parturition. J Reprod Med 1995; 40: 351-4.
    • (1995) J Reprod Med , vol.40 , pp. 351-354
    • Dalziel, K.1
  • 53
    • 0025763320 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus with a very potent topical corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) cream
    • Dalziel K, Millard PR, Wojnarowska F. The treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus with a very potent topical corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) cream. Br J Dermatol 1991; 124: 461-4.
    • (1991) Br J Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 461-464
    • Dalziel, K.1    Millard, P.R.2    Wojnarowska, F.3
  • 54
    • 0031660910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen sclerosus. Therapy with clobetasol propionate
    • Lorenz B, Kaufman RH, Kutzner SK. Lichen sclerosus. Therapy with clobetasol propionate. J Reprod Med 1998; 43: 790-4.
    • (1998) J Reprod Med , vol.43 , pp. 790-794
    • Lorenz, B.1    Kaufman, R.H.2    Kutzner, S.K.3
  • 55
    • 0031774635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of application of topical corticosteroids: An overview
    • Lagos BR, Maibach HI. Frequency of application of topical corticosteroids: An overview. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139: 763-6.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 763-766
    • Lagos, B.R.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 56
    • 0033816199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of lichen sclerosus in men attending a department of genitourinary medicine
    • Riddell L, Edwards A, Sherrard J. Clinical features of lichen sclerosus in men attending a department of genitourinary medicine. Sex Transm Infect 2000; 76: 311-13.
    • (2000) Sex Transm Infect , vol.76 , pp. 311-313
    • Riddell, L.1    Edwards, A.2    Sherrard, J.3
  • 57
    • 0030984802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of childhood vulval lichen sclerosus with potent topical corticosteroid
    • Fischer G, Rogers M. Treatment of childhood vulval lichen sclerosus with potent topical corticosteroid. Pediatr Dermatol 1997; 14: 235-8.
    • (1997) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 235-238
    • Fischer, G.1    Rogers, M.2
  • 58
    • 0032900271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrapotent topical corticosteroid treatment of childhood lichen sclerosus
    • Garzon MC, Paller AS. Ultrapotent topical corticosteroid treatment of childhood lichen sclerosus. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135: 525-8.
    • (1999) Arch Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 525-528
    • Garzon, M.C.1    Paller, A.S.2
  • 59
    • 0028114133 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of childhood phimosis with topical steroid
    • Wright JE. The treatment of childhood phimosis with topical steroid. Aust NZ J Surg 1994; 64: 327-8.
    • (1994) Aust NZ J Surg , vol.64 , pp. 327-328
    • Wright, J.E.1
  • 60
    • 0029849909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical clobetasol propionate compared with placebo in the treatment of unretractable foreskin
    • Lindhagen T. Topical clobetasol propionate compared with placebo in the treatment of unretractable foreskin. Eur J Surg 1996; 162: 969-72.
    • (1996) Eur J Surg , vol.162 , pp. 969-972
    • Lindhagen, T.1
  • 61
    • 0027478655 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of phimosis in boys, with a potent topical steroid (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) cream
    • Jørgensen ET, Svensson Å. The treatment of phimosis in boys, with a potent topical steroid (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) cream. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1993; 73: 55-6.
    • (1993) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) , vol.73 , pp. 55-56
    • Jørgensen, E.T.1    Svensson, Å.2
  • 62
    • 0015066142 scopus 로고
    • Topical testosterone for benign vulvar dystrophy
    • Friedrich EG Jr. Topical testosterone for benign vulvar dystrophy. Obstet Gynecol 1971; 37: 677-86.
    • (1971) Obstet Gynecol , vol.37 , pp. 677-686
    • Friedrich E.G., Jr.1
  • 63
    • 0015224214 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of vulvar dystrophies with topical testosterone propionate
    • Zelle K. Treatment of vulvar dystrophies with topical testosterone propionate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109: 570-3.
    • (1971) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.109 , pp. 570-573
    • Zelle, K.1
  • 64
    • 0023181983 scopus 로고
    • Testosterone propionate ointment - A therapeutic trial in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Skierlo P, Heise H. Testosterone propionate ointment-A therapeutic trial in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Hautarzt 1987; 38: 295-7.
    • (1987) Hautarzt , vol.38 , pp. 295-297
    • Skierlo, P.1    Heise, H.2
  • 65
    • 0031865995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% versus testosterone 2% topical application for severe vulvar lichen sclerosus
    • Bornstein J, Heifetz S, Kellner Y et al. Clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% versus testosterone 2% topical application for severe vulvar lichen sclerosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178: 80-4.
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , pp. 80-84
    • Bornstein, J.1    Heifetz, S.2    Kellner, Y.3
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0030026170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone maintenance therapy. Effects on vulval lichen sclerosus treated with clobetasol propionate
    • Cattaneo A, Carli P, De Marco A et al. Testosterone maintenance therapy. Effects on vulval lichen sclerosus treated with clobetasol propionate. J Reprod Med 1996; 41: 99-102.
    • (1996) J Reprod Med , vol.41 , pp. 99-102
    • Cattaneo, A.1    Carli, P.2    De Marco, A.3
  • 68
    • 0032787748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptors in genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus: Evidence for loss of androgen receptors in lesional epidermis
    • Clifton MM, Bayer Garner IB, Kohler S, Smoller B. Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptors in genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus: Evidence for loss of androgen receptors in lesional epidermis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 43-6.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.41 , pp. 43-46
    • Clifton, M.M.1    Bayer Garner, I.B.2    Kohler, S.3    Smoller, B.4
  • 69
    • 0018356018 scopus 로고
    • Further observations of the effect of topical progesterone on vulvar disease
    • Jasionowski EA, Jasionowski PA. Further observations of the effect of topical progesterone on vulvar disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 134: 565-7.
    • (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.134 , pp. 565-567
    • Jasionowski, E.A.1    Jasionowski, P.A.2
  • 70
    • 0017380311 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans with testosterone propionate ointment
    • Pasieczny TA. The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans with testosterone propionate ointment. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1977; 57: 275-7.
    • (1977) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) , vol.57 , pp. 275-277
    • Pasieczny, T.A.1
  • 71
    • 0001649839 scopus 로고
    • Tissue changes in lichen sclerosus in children following local application of oestrogens
    • Lascano EF, Montes LF, Mazzini MA. Tissue changes in lichen sclerosus in children following local application of oestrogens. Br J Dermatol 1964; 76: 496-7.
    • (1964) Br J Dermatol , vol.76 , pp. 496-497
    • Lascano, E.F.1    Montes, L.F.2    Mazzini, M.A.3
  • 72
    • 0019124333 scopus 로고
    • Cryosurgery in the treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva
    • August PJ, Milward TM. Cryosurgery in the treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva. Br J Dermatol 1980; 103: 667-70.
    • (1980) Br J Dermatol , vol.103 , pp. 667-670
    • August, P.J.1    Milward, T.M.2
  • 73
    • 0032615436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy of vulvar lichen sclerosus with 5-aminolevulinic acid
    • Hillemans P, Untch M, Prove F et al. Photodynamic therapy of vulvar lichen sclerosus with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93: 71-4.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol , vol.93 , pp. 71-74
    • Hillemans, P.1    Untch, M.2    Prove, F.3
  • 74
    • 0031047728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lichen sclerosus with carbon dioxide laser vaporization
    • Kartamaa M, Reitamo S. Treatment of lichen sclerosus with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136: 356-9.
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 356-359
    • Kartamaa, M.1    Reitamo, S.2
  • 75
    • 0018358915 scopus 로고
    • Balanitis xerotica obliterans
    • Khezri AA, Dounis A, Dunn M. Balanitis xerotica obliterans. Br J Urol 1979; 51: 229-31.
    • (1979) Br J Urol , vol.51 , pp. 229-231
    • Khezri, A.A.1    Dounis, A.2    Dunn, M.3
  • 76
    • 0021263143 scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans
    • Campus GV, Ena P, Scuderi N. Surgical treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 73: 652-7.
    • (1984) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.73 , pp. 652-657
    • Campus, G.V.1    Ena, P.2    Scuderi, N.3
  • 77
    • 0029951202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circumferential laser vaporization for severe meatal stenosis secondary to balanitis xerotica obliterans
    • Hrebinko RL. Circumferential laser vaporization for severe meatal stenosis secondary to balanitis xerotica obliterans. J Urol 1996; 156: 1735-6.
    • (1996) J Urol , vol.156 , pp. 1735-1736
    • Hrebinko, R.L.1
  • 78
    • 0021367463 scopus 로고
    • Bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: Treatment by tangential excision
    • Klein LE, Cohen SR, Weinstein M. Bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: Treatment by tangential excision. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 10: 346-50.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.10 , pp. 346-350
    • Klein, L.E.1    Cohen, S.R.2    Weinstein, M.3
  • 79
    • 0035091882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose ultraviolet-A1 phototherapy for lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Kreuter A, Jansen T, Stucker M et al. Low-dose ultraviolet-A1 phototherapy for lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001; 26: 30-2.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 30-32
    • Kreuter, A.1    Jansen, T.2    Stucker, M.3
  • 80
    • 0026445615 scopus 로고
    • Topical cyclosporine in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: Clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical findings
    • Carli P, Cattaneo A, Taddei G, Gianotti B. Topical cyclosporine in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: Clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128: 1548-9.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 1548-1549
    • Carli, P.1    Cattaneo, A.2    Taddei, G.3    Gianotti, B.4
  • 81
  • 82
    • 0028120834 scopus 로고
    • Acitretin in the treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva: A double blind placebo controlled study
    • Bousema MT, Romppanen U, Geiger J-M et al. Acitretin in the treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva: A double blind placebo controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30: 225-31.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , pp. 225-231
    • Bousema, M.T.1    Romppanen, U.2    Geiger, J.-M.3
  • 83
    • 0029118504 scopus 로고
    • Open study of topical 0.025% tretinoin in the treatment of vulval lichen sclerosus. One year of therapy
    • Virgili A, Corazza M, Bianchi A et al. Open study of topical 0.025% tretinoin in the treatment of vulval lichen sclerosus. One year of therapy. J Reprod Med 1995; 40: 614-18.
    • (1995) J Reprod Med , vol.40 , pp. 614-618
    • Virgili, A.1    Corazza, M.2    Bianchi, A.3
  • 84
    • 0021262731 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lichen sclerosus with potassium paraaminobenzoate
    • Penneys NS. Treatment of lichen sclerosus with potassium paraaminobenzoate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 10: 1039-42.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.10 , pp. 1039-1042
    • Penneys, N.S.1
  • 85
    • 0031935897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral stanozolol in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Parsad D, Saini R. Oral stanozolol in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38: 278-9.
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 278-279
    • Parsad, D.1    Saini, R.2
  • 86
    • 0032831649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of skin disease
    • Griffiths CEM. The British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of skin disease. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141: 396-7.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 396-397
    • Griffiths, C.E.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.