Electroluminescence-and electrically-detected magnetic resonance studies of spin 1/2 polaron and singlet exciton dynamics in multilayer small molecular organic light-emitting devices

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 4464, Issue , 2002, Pages 113-121

  Li, G ^a   Shinar, J ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alq3; Dianions; EL detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR); Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR); Electroluminescence (EL); OLEDs; Organic cathode interface; Quenching of singlet excitons; Singlet excitons; TPD

Indexed keywords

CESIUM COMPOUNDS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EXCITONS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MAGNETIC RESONANCE; OPTICAL MULTILAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; POLARONS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS;

ELECTRICALLY DETECTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE (EDMR); ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

EID: 0036394762     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.457465     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (38)

1. C.W. Tang and S. A. VanSlyke, "Organic Electrotuminescent Diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913 (1987).
2. J.H. Burroughes, D.D.C. Bradley, A.R. Brown, R.N. Marks, K. MacKay, R.H. Friend, P.L. Burn, and A.B. Holmes, "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers," Nature 347, 539 (1990).
3. R.H. Friend, R.W. Gymer, A.B. Holmes, J.H. Burroughes, R. N. Marks, C. Taliani, D.D.C. Bradley, D.A. Dos Santos, J.L. Brédas, M. Lögdlund, and W.R. Salaneck, "Electroluminescence in Conjugated Polymers," Nature 397, 121 (1999).
4. M.T. Johnson and A. Sempel, "Polymer-LED Matrix Displays," Information Display 16(2), 12 (2000); N. Bailey, "The Future of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes," ibid. 16(3), 12 (2000); J. Ouellette, The Industrial Physicist 7(3), 22 (2001).
5. M.T. Johnson and A. Sempel, "Polymer-LED Matrix Displays," Information Display 16(2), 12 (2000); N. Bailey, "The Future of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes," ibid. 16(3), 12 (2000); J. Ouellette, The Industrial Physicist 7(3), 22 (2001).
6. M.T. Johnson and A. Sempel, "Polymer-LED Matrix Displays," Information Display 16(2), 12 (2000); N. Bailey, "The Future of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes," ibid. 16(3), 12 (2000); J. Ouellette, The Industrial Physicist 7(3), 22 (2001).
7. J.-S. Kim, P.K.H. Ho, N.C. Greenham, and R.H. Friend, "Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes: Implications for device efficiency calculations," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073 (2000).
8. Z. Shuai, D. Beljonne, R.J. Silbey, and J.L. Bredas, "Singlet and Triplet Exciton Formation Rates in Conjugated Polymer Light Emitting Diodes," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 131 (2000).
9. M. Wohlgenannt, K. Tandon, S. Mazumdar, S. Ramasesha, and Z.V. Vardeny, "Formation cross-sections of singlet and triplet excitons in π-conjugated polymers," Nature 409, 494 (2001).
10. R. Kersting, U. Lemmer, M. Deussen, H.J. Bakker, R.F. Mahrt, H. Kurz, V.I. Arkhipov, H. Bässler, and E.O. Göbel, "Ultrafast Field-Induced Dissociation of Excitons in Conjugated Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1440 (1994); M. Deussen, H. Bässler, and M. Scheidler, "Electric field-induced photoluminescence quenching in thin-film light-emitting diodes based on poly(phenyl-p-phenylene vinylene)," Syn. Met. 73, 123 (1995); W. Graupner, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, G. Lanzani, E.J.W. List, G. Leising, S. De Silvestri, "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Field-Induced Charge Generation in Ladder-Type Poly(Para-Phenylene)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3259 (1998); B. Schweitzer, V.I. Arkhipov, and H. Bässler, "Field-Induced Delayed Photoluminescence in a Conjugated Polymer," Chem. Phys. Lett. 304, 365 (1999).
11. R. Kersting, U. Lemmer, M. Deussen, H.J. Bakker, R.F. Mahrt, H. Kurz, V.I. Arkhipov, H. Bässler, and E.O. Göbel, "Ultrafast Field-Induced Dissociation of Excitons in Conjugated Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1440 (1994); M. Deussen, H. Bässler, and M. Scheidler, "Electric field-induced photoluminescence quenching in thin-film light-emitting diodes based on poly(phenyl-p-phenylene vinylene)," Syn. Met. 73, 123 (1995); W. Graupner, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, G. Lanzani, E.J.W. List, G. Leising, S. De Silvestri, "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Field-Induced Charge Generation in Ladder-Type Poly(Para-Phenylene)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3259 (1998); B. Schweitzer, V.I. Arkhipov, and H. Bässler, "Field-Induced Delayed Photoluminescence in a Conjugated Polymer," Chem. Phys. Lett. 304, 365 (1999).
12. R. Kersting, U. Lemmer, M. Deussen, H.J. Bakker, R.F. Mahrt, H. Kurz, V.I. Arkhipov, H. Bässler, and E.O. Göbel, "Ultrafast Field-Induced Dissociation of Excitons in Conjugated Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1440 (1994); M. Deussen, H. Bässler, and M. Scheidler, "Electric field-induced photoluminescence quenching in thin-film light-emitting diodes based on poly(phenyl-p-phenylene vinylene)," Syn. Met. 73, 123 (1995); W. Graupner, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, G. Lanzani, E.J.W. List, G. Leising, S. De Silvestri, "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Field-Induced Charge Generation in Ladder-Type Poly(Para-Phenylene)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3259 (1998); B. Schweitzer, V.I. Arkhipov, and H. Bässler, "Field-Induced Delayed Photoluminescence in a Conjugated Polymer," Chem. Phys. Lett. 304, 365 (1999).
13. R. Kersting, U. Lemmer, M. Deussen, H.J. Bakker, R.F. Mahrt, H. Kurz, V.I. Arkhipov, H. Bässler, and E.O. Göbel, "Ultrafast Field-Induced Dissociation of Excitons in Conjugated Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1440 (1994); M. Deussen, H. Bässler, and M. Scheidler, "Electric field-induced photoluminescence quenching in thin-film light-emitting diodes based on poly(phenyl-p-phenylene vinylene)," Syn. Met. 73, 123 (1995); W. Graupner, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, G. Lanzani, E.J.W. List, G. Leising, S. De Silvestri, "Direct Observation of Ultrafast Field-Induced Charge Generation in Ladder-Type Poly(Para-Phenylene)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3259 (1998); B. Schweitzer, V.I. Arkhipov, and H. Bässler, "Field-Induced Delayed Photoluminescence in a Conjugated Polymer," Chem. Phys. Lett. 304, 365 (1999).
14. H. Becker, S.E. Burns, and R.H. Friend, "Effect of metal films on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of conjugated polymers," Phys. Rev. B 56, 1893 (1997).
15. E.J.W. List, C.-H. Kim, A.K. Naik, U. Scherf, G. Leising, W. Graupner, and J. Shinar, "On the Interaction of Singlet Excitons with Polarons in Wide Band Gap Organic Semiconductors: A Quantitative Study.," Phys. Rev. B 64, 155204 (2001).
16. E.J.W. List, U. Scherf, K. Müllen, W. Graupner, C.-H. Kim, and J. Shinar, submitted.
17. L.S. Swanson, J. Shinar, and K. Yoshino, "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Study of Polaron and Triplet Exciton Dynamics in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(3-dodecylthiophene) Films and Solutions," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1140 (1990).
18. L.S. Swanson, P.A. Lane, J. Shinar, and F. Wudl, "Polaron and Triplet Polaronic Excitons in Polypara-phenylenevinylene (PPV) and Substituted PPV: An Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Study," Phys. Rev. B 44, 10617 (1991).
19. L.S. Swanson, J. Shinar, A.R. Brown, D.D.C. Bradley, R. H. Friend, P.L. Bum, A. Kraft, and A.B. Holmes, "Electoluminescence-Detected Magnetic Resonance Study of Polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV)-Based Light-Emitting Diodes," Phys. Rev. B 46, 15072 (1992).
20. X. Wei, B.C. Hess, Z.V. Vardeny, and F. Wudl, "Studies of Photoexcited States in Polyacetylene and Poly-(paraphenylenevinylene) by Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance: The Case of Neutral Photoexcitations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 666 (1992).
21. Z.V. Vardeny and X. Wei, "On the Excitonic Nature of the Photoluminescence in Polythiophene Revealed by ODMR Spectroscopy," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 256, 465 (1994).
22. W. Graupner, J. Partee, J. Shinar, G. Leising, and U. Scherf, "Dynamics of Long-Lived Polarons in Poly(p-phenylene)-Type Ladder Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2033 (1996).
23. N.C. Greenham, J. Shinar, J. Partee, P.A. Lane, O. Amir, F. Lu, and R.H. Friend, "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Study of Efficient Two-Layer Conjugated Polymer Light Emitting Diodes," Phys. Rev. B 53, 13528 (1996).
24. J. Shinar, "Trapped Polarons, Free Polarons, and Triplet Excitons in π-Conjugated Polymer Films and Light Emitting Diodes," Syn. Met. 78, 277 (1996); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer-Based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)," in Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices, edited by S. Miyata and H.S. Nalwa, Chapter 4 (Gordon &Breach, NY, 1997); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer Films, Solutions, Blends, and Devices," in Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: Vol. 3. Conductive Polymer: Spectroscopy and Physical Properties, edited by H.S. Nalwa, Chap. 7 (J. Wiley, NY, 1997).
25. J. Shinar, "Trapped Polarons, Free Polarons, and Triplet Excitons in π-Conjugated Polymer Films and Light Emitting Diodes," Syn. Met. 78, 277 (1996); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer-Based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)," in Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices, edited by S. Miyata and H.S. Nalwa, Chapter 4 (Gordon &Breach, NY, 1997); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer Films, Solutions, Blends, and Devices," in Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: Vol. 3. Conductive Polymer: Spectroscopy and Physical Properties, edited by H.S. Nalwa, Chap. 7 (J. Wiley, NY, 1997).
26. J. Shinar, "Trapped Polarons, Free Polarons, and Triplet Excitons in π-Conjugated Polymer Films and Light Emitting Diodes," Syn. Met. 78, 277 (1996); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer-Based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)," in Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices, edited by S. Miyata and H.S. Nalwa, Chapter 4 (Gordon &Breach, NY, 1997); "Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of π-Conjugated Polymer Films, Solutions, Blends, and Devices," in Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers: Vol. 3. Conductive Polymer: Spectroscopy and Physical Properties, edited by H.S. Nalwa, Chap. 7 (J. Wiley, NY, 1997).
27. E.J.W. List, C.H. Kim, J. Shinar, A. Pogantsch, G. Leising, and W. Graupner, "Charged Defects in Highly Emissive Organic Wide Bandgap Semiconductor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2083 (2000).
28. E.J.W. List, J. Partee, J. Shinar, U. Scherf, K. Müllen, E. Zojer, K. Petritsch, G. Leising, and W. Graupner, "Localized triplet excitations and the effect of photo-oxidation in ladder-type poly(p-phenylene)s and oligo(p-phenylene)s," Phys. Rev. B 61, 10807 (2000).
29. N. Kirova and S. Brazovskii, Synth. Met. 76, 229 (1996).
30. P.S. Davids, A. Saxena, and D.L. Smith, "Bipolaron lattice formation at metal-polymer interfaces," Phys. Rev. B 53, 4823 (1996).
31. M.N. Bussac, D. Michoud, and L. Zuppiroli, "Electrode Injection into Conjugated Polymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1678 (1998).
32. L.S. Liao, L.F. Cheng, M.K. Fung, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, M. Inbasekaran, E.P. Woo, and W.W. Wu, "Interface formation between poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and Ca electrode investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 325, 405 (2000); "Oxygen effect on the interface formation between calcium and a polyfluorene film," Phys. Rev. B 62, 10004 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interfaces with Li, Al, and LiF," G. Greczynski, M. Fahlman, and W. R. Salaneck, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 2407 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interface with Li and LiF," Appl. Surf. Sci. 166, 380 (2000).
33. L.S. Liao, L.F. Cheng, M.K. Fung, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, M. Inbasekaran, E.P. Woo, and W.W. Wu, "Interface formation between poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and Ca electrode investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 325, 405 (2000); "Oxygen effect on the interface formation between calcium and a polyfluorene film," Phys. Rev. B 62, 10004 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interfaces with Li, Al, and LiF," G. Greczynski, M. Fahlman, and W. R. Salaneck, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 2407 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interface with Li and LiF," Appl. Surf. Sci. 166, 380 (2000).
34. L.S. Liao, L.F. Cheng, M.K. Fung, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, M. Inbasekaran, E.P. Woo, and W.W. Wu, "Interface formation between poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and Ca electrode investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 325, 405 (2000); "Oxygen effect on the interface formation between calcium and a polyfluorene film," Phys. Rev. B 62, 10004 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interfaces with Li, Al, and LiF," G. Greczynski, M. Fahlman, and W. R. Salaneck, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 2407 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interface with Li and LiF," Appl. Surf. Sci. 166, 380 (2000).
35. L.S. Liao, L.F. Cheng, M.K. Fung, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, M. Inbasekaran, E.P. Woo, and W.W. Wu, "Interface formation between poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) and Ca electrode investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 325, 405 (2000); "Oxygen effect on the interface formation between calcium and a polyfluorene film," Phys. Rev. B 62, 10004 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interfaces with Li, Al, and LiF," G. Greczynski, M. Fahlman, and W. R. Salaneck, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 2407 (2000); "An experimental study of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) and its interface with Li and LiF," Appl. Surf. Sci. 166, 380 (2000).
36. S.E. Shaheen, G.E. Jabbour, M.M. Morell, Y. Kawabe, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, M.-F. Nabor, R. Schlaf, E.A. Mash, and N.R. Armstrong, "Bright Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with Improved Color Purity Using a LiF/Al Cathode," J. Appl. Phys. 84, 2324 (1998).
37. 3/Al Cathode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1233 (1997).
38. K.E. Junge and J. Shinar, unpublished results.