Extremist Groups in Egypt

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 47-76

  Nedoroscik, Jeffrey A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036392457     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/714005613     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. This concept originated with Dr Dan Tschirgi of the Political Science Department of the American University in Cairo.
2. See Selma Botman, Egypt from Independence to Revolution (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press 1991) p.120.
3. Ibid. p.94.
4. John Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998) p.120.
5. Ibid.
6. John Esposito, The Islamic Threat (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992) p.123.
7. Botman (note 2) p.122.
8. Esposito (note 6) p.122.
9. Ibid. p.124.
10. Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, A Short History of Modern Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1992) p.109.
11. Esposito (note 6) p.128.
12. Ibid. p.129.
13. Saad Eddin Ibrahim, 'Egypt's Islamic Militants', in Nicholas Hopkins and Saad Eddin Ibrahim (ed.), Arab Society (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press 1998) p.501.
14. Esposito (note 6) p.132.
15. See Andrew Hammond, 'State Defies Support for Brothers', Middle East Times, 22-28 Oct. 1995, p.1.
16. Ibid. p.20.
17. See Fatemeh Farag and Steve Negus, 'Brothers Form Electoral Pact with Liberals and Labour', Middle East Times, 15-21 Oct. 1995, p.1.
18. See Fatemeh Farag, 'New Guide for the Brotherhood', Middle East Times, 21 Jan.-3 Feb. 1996, p.1.
19. See Andrew Hammond, 'New Centre Party Takes State by Surprise', Middle East Times, 21-27 Jan. 1996, p.1.
20. See Miriam Shahin, 'Egypt Cracks Down on Terrorism', Middle East, May 1996, p.15.
21. Amira Howeidy, 'Politics in God's Name', al-Ahram Weekly, 16-22 Nov. 1995, p.3.
22. Ibid. p.3.
23. Esposito (note 6) p.130.
24. Ibrahim (note 13) p.500.
25. Amira Howeidy, 'Debating Democratic Credentials', al-Ahram Weekly, 2-8 Feb. 1995, p.2.
26. For example, London is home to Yasir al-Siri, who has claimed asylum in Britain from Egypt, where he was sentenced to death for the attempted murder of the prime minister in 1993.
27. Note that, in 1992, the Egyptian government passed a law stating that anyone having received military training in a foreign country could face the death penalty. This law was aimed at Egyptians who had received training in camps in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Sudan.
28. Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 1993) p.137.
29. See Mamoun Fandy, 'Egypt's Islamic Group: Regional Revenge', Middle East Journal 48/4 (Autumn 1994) p.607.
30. Note that only one of the six attackers in the Luxor incident was identified. The identified attacker, Medhat Abdel Rahman, had been trained in military camps in Afghanistan.
31. See Mamoun Fandy, 'The Tensions Behind the Violence in Egypt', Middle East Policy 2/1 (1993) pp.25-34.
32. These comments were made in an interview with Omayma Abdel-Latif, al-Ahram Weekly, 29 Aug.-4 Sept. 1996, p.15.
33. See Fandy (note 29) p.614.
34. In 1992, the Egyptian government passed a law stating that all mosques, including those that were built privately, would come under the control of the government. As a result, all sermons being delivered at mosques had to be approved by government officials.
35. See Omayma Abdel-Latif, 'Making the Future into a Site of Hope', al-Ahram Weekly, 29 Aug.-4 Sept. 1996, p.14.
36. See Egypt Human Development Survey, the Institute of National Planning, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, 1995.
37. See USAID/Cairo, 'Healthy Mother/Healthy Child', project paper, 8 June 1995, p.1.
38. Ibid.
39. The statistics are taken from the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, The Population Council, Cairo 1993.
40. See Chris Hedges, 'Egypt Loses Ground, to Muslim Militants and Fear', New York Times, 5 Feb. 1994.
41. Quoted in Abdel-Latif (note 35) p.14.
42. Al-Qaradawi's comments were cited in the special report on fighting terrorism, Economist, 20 Oct. 2001.
43. Comments reported in 'Algeria says U.S. Should Address Arab Discontent', CNN.com, 5 Nov. 2001.
44. Secretary of State Colin Powell, speech given at USAID's 40th anniversary celebration.