Applying digital image processing to SEM-EDX and BSE images to determine and quantify porosity and salts with depth in porous media

Mikrochimica Acta

Volumn 140, Issue 1-2, 2002, Pages 9-14

  Cardell, Carolina ^a,b   Yebra, Africa ^c   Van Grieken, Rene E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF JAÉN   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO ANDALUZ DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Back scattered electron; Digital image processing; Porosity; Salt weathering; X ray mappings

Indexed keywords

INORGANIC SALT; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; MINERAL; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM SULFATE;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CLAY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; IMAGE PROCESSING; POROSITY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY ANALYSIS;

EID: 0036381693     PISSN: 00263672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s006040200063     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. E. Doehne, D. Stulik. Scanning Micros. 1990, 4, 275.
2. H. A. Viles, D. Camuffo, S. Fitz, B. Fitzner, O. Lindgvist, R. A. Livingston, R N. Maravelaki, C. Sabbioni, T. Warscheid. Saving our Architectural Heritage. Wiley & Sons, Berlin, 1997, pp. 95-112.
3. F. Terribile, E. A. Fitzpatrick. Eur. J. Soil Sc. 1995, 46, 29.
4. R. Ehrlich, S. J. Crabtree, K. O. Horkowitz, J. P. Horkowitz. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 1991, 75, 1547.
5. K. Pye. Geol. Magazine. 1984, 121, 81.
6. R. I. Dorn. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1995, 107, 725.
7. H. Viles. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1987, 12, 467.
8. V. Fassina, A. Mignucci, A. Naccari, A. Stevan, J. Cassar, A. Torpiano. Origin, Mechanism and Effects of Salts on Degradation of Monuments in Marine and Continental Environments. School Monument Conservation. Report no. 4, Bari, 1996, pp. 293-308.
9. K. Pye, D. N. Mottershead. Q. J. Eng. Geol. 1995, 28, 333.
10. R. Van Grieken, F. Delalieux, C. Cardell. Sea Salt effects on Monument Stones. European Community Project no. ENV4 CT950100. Final Report. Antwerp. 1999, pp. 129.
11. G. Vleugels, R. Van Grieken. Sci. Total Environ. 1995, 170, 125.
12. A. H. Webb, R. J. Bawden, A. K. Busby, J. N. Hopskin. Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26B, 165.
13. Y. G. Ogelman, S. Kapur. Nature 1982, 296, 231.
14. G. Aborg, D. E. Stifhoorn, A. Raheim, R. Lofvendahl. Conservation of Stone and other Materials. E&FN Spon. London, 1993, pp. 144-151.
15. C. Moran, A. Bratney, A. Koppi. J. Soil Sci. 1988, 39, 357.
16. R. Snethlage, E. Wender, Saving our Architectural Heritage. Wiley & Sons, Berlin, 1997, 7.
17. A. Martínez-Nistal, F. Veniale, M. Setti, F. Cotecchia. App. Clay Sci. 1999, 14, 235.
18. R. L. Folk. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 1959, 43, 1.
19. MIP4 ADVANCED® versión 4.3. Sistema general de proceso y análisis de imagen. ©Consulting de imagen digital. Microm España, S.A. 1996.
20. Image Pro® Plus. Imaging Software. ©Media Cybernetics L.P. U.S.A. 1999.
21. H. A. Viles, D. Camuffo, S. Fitz, B. Fitzner, O. Lindgvist, R. A. Livingston, P.-N. Maravelaki, C. Sabbioni, T. Warscheid, Saving our Architectural Heritage. Wiley & Sons. Berlin, 1997, pp. 95-112.
22. C. Rodriguez-Navarro, E. Dohene. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1998, 24, 191.
23. E. Borreli. III Inter. Symp. Conserv. Monum. Mediterranean Basin. Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Storici di Venezia. Venezia, 1994, pp. 163-167.
24. C. Blauer Bohm. VIII Int. Congr. Deterior. Conserv. Stone. Verlag, Berlin, 1996, pp. 1505-1519.
25. M. Steiger, Origin, Mechanism and Effects of Salts on Degradation of Monuments in Marine and Continental Environments. School Monument Conservation. Report no. 4, Bari, 1996, pp. 241-246.
26. V. Fassina, M. Rossetti, M. Oddone, S. Mazzocchin, S. Calogero. III Inter. Symp. Conserv. Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin. Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Storici di Venezia. Venezia, 1994, pp. 287-294.
27. V. Fassina, A. Moropoulou, A. Rattazzi, Origin, Mechanism and Effects of Salts on Degradation of Monuments in Marine and Continental Environments. School Monument Conservation. Report no. 4, Bari, 1996, pp. 311-321.
28. J. Weber, H. Leitner, W. Gaggl, R. Szambelan, Origin, Mechanism and Effects of Salts on Degradation of Monuments in Marine and Continental Environments. School Monument Conservation. Report no. 4, Bari, 1996, pp. 169-179.
29. J. Ciabach, S. Skibinski. I Inter. Symp. Conserv. Monum. Mediterranean Basin. School Monument Conservation, Bari. 1989, pp. 325-328.