An orthodox heresy: Scientific rhetoric and the science of prions

Science Communication

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 98-122

  Reeves, Carol ^a  

^a BUTLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036376245     PISSN: 10755470     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107554700202400105     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Aiken, J. M., J. L. Williamson, L. M. Borchardt, and R. F. Marsh. 1990. Presence of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in scrapie-infeeted brain preparations enriched for the prion protein. Journal of Virology 64:3265-68.
2. Altman, L. 1982. Evidence of infectious organism that defies labeling is reported. New York Urnes, 20 February, p. A10.
3. _. 1983. Substance tied to Alzheimer's in coast study. New York Times, 7 December, p. A22.
4. Baringer, J. R., K. A. Bowman, and S. B. Prusiner. 1983. Replication of the scrapie agent in hamster brain precedes neuronal vacuolation. Journal of Neuropathology and Experiment Neurology 42:539-47.
5. Bendheim, P. E., and D. C. Bolton. 1986. A 54-kDa normal cellular protein may be the precursor of the scrapie agent protease-resistant protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 83:2214-18.
6. Brunori, M., M. C. Silvestrini, and M. Pocchiari. 1988. The scrapie agent and the prion hypothesis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 13:309-13.
7. Carp, R., P. Merz, R. J. Kascsak, G. S. Merz, and H. M. Wisniewski. 1985. Nature of scrapie agent: Current status of facts and hypotheses. Society for General Microbiology 7:1357-68.
8. Caughey, B., K. Neary, R. Buller, D. Ernst, L. L. Perry, B. Chesebro, and R. E. Race. 1990. Normal and scrapie-associated forms of prion protein differ in their sensitivities to phospholipase and proteases in intact neuroblastoma cells. Journal of Virology 64:1093-101.
9. Chesebro, B. 1998. BSE and prions: Uncertainties about the agent. Science 279:42-43.
10. Day, R. A. 1979. How to write and publish a scientific paper. Philadelphia; ISI Press.
11. Diener, T. O., M. P. McKinley, and S. B. Prusiner. 1982. Viroids and prions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79:5220-24.
12. Fahnestock, J. 1986. Accomodating science: The rhetorical life of scientific facts. Written Communication 3:275-96.
13. Foucault, M. 1994. The birth of the clinic. New York: Vintage.
14. Friedland, R. P., S. B. Prusiner, W. F. Jagust, T. F. Budinger, and R. L. Davis. 1984. Bitemporal hypometabolism in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease measured by positron emission tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 8 (5): 978-81.
15. Griffith, J. S. 1967. Self-replication and scrapie. Nature 215:1043-44.
16. Gross, A. G. 1990. The rhetoric of science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
17. Guiroy, D. C., S. K. Shankar, C. J. Gibbs Jr., J. A. Messenheimer, S. Das, and D. C. Gajdusek. 1989. Neuronal degeneration and neurofilament accumulation in the trigeminal ganglia in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Annals of Neurology 25:102-6.
18. Hacking, I. 1983. Representing and intervening: Introductory topics in the philosophy of natural science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Hogan, R. N., D. T. Kingsbury, J. R. Baringer, and S. B. Prusiner. 1983. Retinal degeneration in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Laboratory Investigation 49:708-15.
20. Holland, P. V. 1988, Why a new standard to prevent Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? Transfusion 28 (2): 293.
21. Hunter, N., J. Hope, I. McConnell, and A. G. Dickinson. 1987. Linkage of the scrapie-associated fibril protein (PrP) gene and Sine using congenic mice and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Journal of General Virology 68:2711-16.
22. Kascsak, R. J., R. Rubenstein, P. A. Merz, M. Tonna-DeMasi, R. Fersko, R. I. Carp, H. M. Wisniewski, and H. Diringer. 1987. Mouse polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to scrapie-associated fibril proteins. Journal of Virology 61:3688-93.
23. Kelly, T. A. 1984. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): Hypotheses on the etiology. Medical Hypotheses 14:347-51.
24. Keyes, M. E. 1999a. The prion challenge to the "central dogma" of molecular biology, 1965-1991 ; Part I: Prelude to prions. Studies in History and Philosophy of 'Biological and Biomedical Sciences 30:1-19.
25. _. 1999b. The prion challenge to the "central dogma" of molecular biology, 1965-1991; Part II: The problem with prions. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 30:181-218.
26. Kimberlin, R. H. 1982. Scrapie agent: Prions or virinos? Nature 297:107-8.
27. _. 1986. Scrapie: How much do we really understand? Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 12:131-47.
28. _. 1989. Introduction to scrapie and perspectives on current scrapie research. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 317:559-66.
29. Kuhn, T. 1977. The essential tension: Selected studies in scientific tradition and change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
30. Latour, B., and S. Woolgar. 1986. Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
31. Lessl, T. 1999. The Galileo legend as scientific folklore. Quarterly Journal of Speech 85:146-68.
32. Liao, Y. C., R. V. Lebo, G. A. Clawson, and E. A. Smuckler. 1986. Human prion protein cDNA: Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and biological implications. Science 233:364-67.
33. Locht, C., B. Chesebro, R. Race, and J. M. Keither. 1986. Molecular cloning and complete sequence of prion protein cDNA from mouse brain infected with the scrapie agent. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 83:6372-76.
34. Manuelidis, L. 2000. The force of prions: Review of Prion biology and diseases, ed. Stanley Prusiner. Lancet 355:2083.
35. Manuelidis, L., T. Sklaviadis, and E. E. Manuelidis. 1987. Evidence suggesting that PrP is not the infectious agent in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. EMBO Journal 6:341-47.
36. McKinley, M. P., D. C. Bolton, and S. B. Prusiner. 1983. A protease-resistant protein is a structural component of the scrapie prion. Cell 35:57-62.
37. Merz, P. A., R. A. Somerville, H. M. Wisniewski, L. Manuelidis, and E. E. Manuelidis. 1983. Scrapie-associated fibrils in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Nature 306:474-76.
38. Michel, B. 1990. Prion encephalopathies. Review of Neurology 146:1-11.
39. Poulsen, M. J., and H. Andersen. 2001. The early history of the protein-only hypothesis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Social Studies of Science, Cambridge, MA, November.
40. Prelli, L. J. 1989. A rhetoric of science. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
41. Prusiner, S. B. 1982. Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. Science 216:136-44.
42. _. 1984a. Prions. Scientific American 251 (4): 50-60.
43. _. 1984b. Prions: Novel infectious pathogens. In Advances in virus research, vol. 29, edited by M. A. Lauffer and K. Maramorosch, 1-56. New York: Academic Press.
44. _. 1995. The prion diseases. Scientific American 111 (1) (January): 48-57.
45. _, ed. 1999. Prion biology and diseases. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
46. Prusiner, S. B., D. C. Bolton, D. F. Groth, K. A. Bowman, S. P. Cochran, and M. P. McKinley. 1982. Further purification and characterization of scrapie prions. Biochemistry 11:6942-50.
47. Prusiner, S. B., D. F. Groth, D. C. Bolton, S. B. Kent, and L. E. Hood. 1984. Purification and structural studies of a major scrapie prion protein. Cell 38 (1): 127-34.
48. Prusiner, S. B., M. P. McKinley, K. A. Bowman, D. C. Bolton, P. E. Bendheim, D. F. Groth, and G. G. Glenner. 1983. Scrapie prions aggregate to form amyloid like birefringent rods. Cell 352:349-58.
49. Race, R. E., B. Caughey, K. Graham, D. Ernst, and B. Chesebro. 1988. Analyses of frequency of infection, specific infectivity, and prion protein biosynthesis in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell clones. Journal of Virology 62 (8): 2845-49.
50. Reeves, C. 1997. Owning a virus: The rhetoric of scientific discovery accounts. In Landmark essays in rhetoric of science, edited by R. A. Harris, 151-65. Mahwah, NJ: Hermagoras Press.
51. _. 1998. Rhetoric and the AIDS virus hunt. Quarterly Journal of Speech 84 (1): 1-22.
52. Root-Bernstein, R. S. 1983. Protein replication by amino acid pairing. Journal of Theoretical Biology 100:99-106.
53. Schwarz, K. O. 1988. The possible role of substances inhibiting protein synthesis on the treatment of the spongiform encephalopathies. Medical Hypotheses 27 (3): 189-91.
54. Scrapie: Strategies, stalemates, and successes. 1982. Lancet 1 (8283): 1221-23.
55. Sullivan, D. L. 1996. Displaying disciplinarity. Written Communication 13 (2): 221-50.
56. Swales, J. 1990. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
57. Taubes, G. 1986. The name of the game is fame: But is it science? Discover 1 (12) (December): 28-52.
58. Vogel, G. 1997. Prusiner recognized for once-heretical prion theory. Science 278:215.
59. Wolpe, P. R. 1994. The dynamics of heresy in a profession. Social Science and Medicine 39 (9): 1133-48.