Evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance

Journal of Internal Medicine

Volumn 252, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 91-106

  Henriques Normark, B ^a   Normark, S ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Compensation; Cost; Evolution; Mechanisms; Reversion

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE; BETA LACTAMASE AMPC; DNA; ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; ISONIAZID; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN G; PROTEIN AMPD; PROTEIN AMPR; PROTEIN MEXR; PROTEIN NFXB; PROTEIN OPRD; PYRAN DERIVATIVE; PYRAZINAMIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMPICIN; STREPTOMYCIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; BACTERIAL GENOME; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BIOFILM; CHROMOSOME MUTATION; COST; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EVOLUTION; FIMBRIA; GENE LOCATION; GENE MUTATION; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; HUMAN; INTEGRON; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MUTATION; MUTATION RATE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP A; TRANSPOSON;

ANIMALS; BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE; DNA, BACTERIAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MUTATION; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA;

EID: 0036360546     PISSN: 09546820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01026.x     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. The oxazolidinones
2. Bacterial infection as assessed by in vivo gene expression
3. Antibiotic-based selection for bacterial genes that are specifically induced during infection of a host
4. In vivo expression technology for selection of bacterial genes specifically induced in host tissues
5. Microbes and microbial toxins: Paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions III: Shigellosis: From symptoms to molecular pathogenesis
6. Structural mimicry in bacterial virulence
7. A genome-based approach for the identification of essential bacterial genes
8. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms
9. Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
10. Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials
11. Establishment of a persistent Escherichia coli reservoir during the acute phase of a bladder infection
12. Crossing the envelope: How cephalosporins reach their targets
13. Preventing drug access to targets: Cell surface permeability barriers and active efflux in bacteria
14. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms and impact on treatment
15. Role of mexA-mexB-oprM in antibiotic efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
16. Characterization of the MexC-MexD-OprJ multidrug efflux system in DeltamexA-mexB-oprM mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
17. Characterization of MexE-MexF-OprN, a positively regulated multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
18. Multidrug resistance mechanisms: Drug efflux across two membranes
19. Multidrug efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related organisms
20. Rapid emergence of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients due to in-vivo selection of stable partially derepressed beta-lactamase producing strains
21. MexR repressor of the mexAB-oprM multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Identification of MexR binding sites in the mexA-mexR intergenic region
22. Overexpression of the mexC-mexD-oprJ efflux operon in nfxB-type multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
23. Negative regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane porin OprD selective for imipenem and basic amino acids
24. C-terminal region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane porin OprD modulates susceptibility to meropenem
25. Sequence elements determining ampC promoter strength in E. coli
26. Identification of a novel ampC beta-lactamase promoter in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli
27. Insertion of IS2 creates a novel ampC promoter in Escherichia coli
28. The E. coli beta-lactamase attenuator mediates growth rate-dependent regulation
29. Isolation and characterization of DNA repetitions carrying the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of Escherichia coli K-12
30. Inactivation of the ampD gene causes semiconstitutive overproduction of the inducible itrobacter freundii beta-lactamase
31. Genetic basis of induction and overproduction of chromosomal class I beta-lactamase in nonfastidious gram-negative bacilli
32. Signalling proteins in enterobacterial AmpC beta-lactamase regulation
33. Common mechanism of ampC beta-lactamase induction in enterobacteria: Regulation of the cloned Enterobacter cloacae P99 beta-lactamase gene
34. Regulatory components in Citrobacter freundii ampC beta-lactamase induction
35. Purification and mutant analysis of Citrobacter freundii AmpR, the regulator for chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase
36. Cytosolic intermediates for cell wall biosynthesis and degradation control inducible beta-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria
37. AmpG, a signal transducer in chromosomal beta-lactamase induction
38. Beta-lactamase induction in gram-negative bacteria is intimately linked to peptidoglycan recycling
39. AmpD, essential for both beta-lactamase regulation and cell wall recycling, is a novel cytosolic N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase
40. Bacterial cell wall recycling provides cytosolic muropeptides as effectors for beta-lactamase induction
41. Morphogenesis of Escherichia coli
42. Regulation of inducible AmpC beta-lactamase expression among Enterobacteriaceae
43. Plasmid-determined AmpC-type beta-lactamases
44. Molecular determinants of drug resistance in tuberculosis
45. Molecular genetic basis of antimicrobial agent resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
46. Drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant tubercle bacilli
47. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with levofloxacin therapy
48. Single- and multi-step resistance selection study of gemi-floxacin compared with trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gati-floxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae
49. High-level fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli overproduce multidrug efflux protein AcrA
50. Molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients
51. Alterations in GyrA and ParC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecium
52. Rapid identification of mutations in a multidrug efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
53. Resistance to quinolones in gram-negative microorganisms: Mechanisms and prevention
54. Escherichia coli mutator mutants deficient in methylation-instructed DNA mismatch correction
55. High mutation frequencies among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens
56. High frequency of mutator strains among human uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates
57. Mutation frequency and biological cost of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori
58. The biological cost of antibiotic resistance
59. Biological cost and compensatory evolution in fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
60. Virulence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium
61. Effects of environment on compensatory mutations to ameliorate costs of antibiotic resistance
62. Resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides
63. Dynamics of penicillin-susceptible clones in invasive pneumococcal disease
64. Mutant drug resistant factors of high transmissibility
65. Evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics during the last three decades
66. Molecular mechanisms for transposition of drug-resistance genes and other movable genetic elements
67. Transposition of a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence encoding trimethoprim and streptomycin resistances from R483 to other replicons
68. Transposition of a beta-lactamase locus from RP1 into Pseudomonas putida degradative plasmids
69. Site-specific insertion of genes into integrons: Role of the 59-base element and determination of the recombination cross-over point
70. Genetic analyses of sulfonamide resistance and its dissemination in gram-negative bacteria illustrate new aspects of R plasmid evolution
71. Tn5/IS50 target recognition
72. Transposition in prokaryotes: Transposon Tn501
73. Integrons and gene cassettes in the enterobacteriaceae
74. Transposons Tn1696 and Tn21 and their integrons In4 and In2 have independent origins
75. Transposon Tn5090 of plasmid R751, which carries an integron, is related to Tn7, Mu, and the retroelements
76. The potential of integrons and connected programmed rearrangements for mediating horizontal gene transfer
77. Excision and insertion of the conjugative transposon Tn916 involves a novel recombination mechanism
78. Genetic linkage and cotransfer of a novel, vanB-containing transposon (Tn5382) and a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 5 gene in a clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate
79. Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica ser-ovar Typhi CT18
80. Oligonucleotide probes for the detection of TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamase genes and their transposons
81. Letter: Penicillinase production by Haemophilus influenzae
82. Beta-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant gonococcus
83. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: Characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat
84. SHV-type beta-lactamases
85. Penicillinase plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus: Restriction-deletion maps
86. A new class of genetic element, staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec, encodes methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
87. Interspecies recombinational events during the evolution of altered PBP 2x genes in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
88. Acquisition of five high-Mr penicillin-binding protein variants during transfer of high-level beta-lactam resistance from Streptococcus mitis to Streptococcus pneumoniae
89. A global gene pool for high-level cephalosporin resistance in commensal Streptococcus species and Streptococcus pneumoniae
90. Complex relationship between acquisition of beta-lactam resistance and loss of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae
91. Interspecies recombination between the penA genes of Neisseria menin-gitidis and commensal Neisseria species during the emergence of penicillin resistance in N. meningitidis: Natural events and laboratory simulation
92. Multilocus sequence typing
93. Database-driven multi locus sequence typing (MLST) of bacterial pathogens
94. Multiply antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from Spanish hospitals (1988-1994): Novel major clones of serotypes, 14, 19F and 15F
95. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in 5 countries
96. Changes in serotype distribution may hamper efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children
97. From penicillin-binding proteins to the lysis and death of bacteria: A 1979 view
98. Mechanism of action of penicillin: Triggering of the pneumococcal autolytic enzyme by inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
99. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
100. Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
101. Signal transduction by a death signal peptide: Uncovering the mechanism of bacterial killing by penicillin
102. Clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae that exhibit tolerance of vancomycin
103. Covalent linkage between the capsular polysaccharide and the cell wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus pneumoniae revealed by immunochemical methods
104. Selective cleavage of D-Ala-D-Lac by small molecules: Re-sensitizing resistant bacteria to vancomycin
105. An acquired and a native penicillin-binding protein cooperate in building the cell wall of drug-resistant staphylococci
106. Inhibition of the expression of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae by inactivation of cell wall muropeptide branching genes
107. The murMN operon: A functional link between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
108. Identification and characterization of inhibitors of multidrug resistance efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel agents for combination therapy