Premenstrual syndrome: Cyclic symptoms in women of reproductive age

Psychiatric Annals

Volumn 32, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 452-462

  Mortola, Joseph F ^c   Brunswick, David J ^a   Amsterdam, Jay D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b The Science Center Philadelphia   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; CALCIUM; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; DANAZOL; DIURETIC AGENT; ESTROGEN; FLUOXETINE; GESTAGEN; GONADORELIN AGONIST; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; MAGNESIUM; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PAROXETINE; PROGESTERONE; PYRIDOXINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; SPIRONOLACTONE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

ACNE; AGITATION; AMENORRHEA; APPETITE; APPETITE DISORDER; ASCITES; BREAST TENDERNESS; CALCIUM INTAKE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLITORIS HYPERTROPHY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DIET RESTRICTION; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DROWSINESS; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; EDEMA; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; FEMALE; FEMALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GYNECOLOGIC DISEASE; HEADACHE; HEART PALPITATION; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; LIVER TOXICITY; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MENTAL INSTABILITY; MOOD DISORDER; NIGHT SWEAT; PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME; PREVALENCE; PULSE RATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SYMPTOM; TERATOGENICITY; VASOMOTOR DISORDER; VERTIGO; VIRILIZATION; WAKEFULNESS; WATER RETENTION;

EID: 0036343820     PISSN: 00485713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3928/0048-5713-20020801-05     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Reid R. Premenstrual syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1208-1209.
2. Gold JH. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: what's that? JAMA. 1997;278:1024-1025.
3. Rubinow DR, Roy-Byrne P. Premenstrual syndrome: overview from a methodological perspective. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141:163-172.
4. Kessel B. Premenstrual syndrome: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2000;27:625-639.
5. ACOG practice bulletin. Premenstrual syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001;73:183-191.
6. Steiner M. Premenstrual syndromes. Annu Rev Med. 1997;48:447-455.
7. Mortola JF, Girton L, Beck L, Yen SS. Diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome by a simple, prospective, and reliable instrument: the calendar of premenstrual experiences. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76:302-307.
8. Mortola JF, Girton L, Yen SS. Depressive episodes in premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:1682-1687.
9. Mortola JF. Premenstrual syndrome. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1996;7:184-189.
10. World Health Organization. Mental, behavioral and developmental disorders. In: International Classification of Diseases. 10th rev. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1996.
11. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994:715.
12. Moos RH. The development of menstrual distress questionnaire. Psychosom Med. 1968;30:853-867.
13. Stout AL, Steege J. Psychological assessment of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29:621-629.
14. Steiner M, Haskett RF, Carroll B. Premenstrual tension syndrome: the development of research diagnostic criteria and new rating scales. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1980;62:177-190.
15. Taylor JW. The timing of menstruation-related symptoms assessed by a daily rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1974;60:87-105.
16. Parry BL, Rosenthal NE, Wehr TA. Research techniques used to study premenstrual syndrome. In: Osofsky HJ, Blumenthal SJ, eds. Premenstrual Syndrome: Current Findings and Future Directions. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1985.
17. Endicott J, Halbreich U, Schacht S, Nee J. Premenstrual changes and affective disorders. Psychosom Med. 1981;43:519-529.
18. Kashiwagi T, McClure JH, Wetzel RD. Premenstrual affective syndrome and psychiatric disorder. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1981;37:116-119.
19. DeJong R, Rubinow DR, Roy-Byrne P, Hobin MD, Grover GN, Post RM. Premenstrual mood disorder and psychiatric illness. Am J Psychiatry. 1985;142:1359-1363.
20. Janiger O, Riffenburgh R, Kwersh R. Cross-cultural study of premenstrual symptoms. Psychosomatics. 1972;13:226-235.
21. Dan AJ, Monagle L. Sociocultural influences on women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms. In: Gold JH, Severino SK, eds. Premenstrual Dysphorias: Myths and Realities. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 1994:61-79.
22. Bason S, Nani JM, Tennery S, Mortola JF. A cross-cultural comparison of menstrual cycle-related symptoms among ethnically diverse women [abstract]. Paper presented at: 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation; March 11-14, 1998; Atlanta, GA.
23. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Schweizer E, Ting T. Relationships between age and symptom severity in women seeking medical treatment for premenstrual syndrome. Psychol Med. 1995;25:309-315.
24. Johnson SR. The epidemiology and social impact of premenstrual symptoms. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1987;30:367-76.
25. Pearlstein TB. Hormones and depression: what are the facts about premenstrual syndrome, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:646-653.
26. Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ, Rickels K. Effects of medical history factors on symptom severity in women meeting criteria for premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:236-239.
27. Condon JT. The premenstrual syndrome: a twin study. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;162:481-486.
28. Kendler KS, Silberg JL, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of menstrual, premenstrual and neurotic symptoms: a population-based twin study. Psychol Med. 1992;22:85-100.
29. Hammarback S, Damber JE, Backstrom T. Relationship between symptom severity and hormone changes in women with premenstrual syndrome. J Clin Endorcinol Metab. 1989;68:125-130.
30. Steiner M, Steinberg S, Stewart D, Carter D, Berger C, Reid R, et al. Fluoxetine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1529-1534.
31. Smith S, Rinehart JS, Ruddick VE, Schiff I. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with alprazolam: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover clinical trial. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70:37-43.
32. Harrison WH, Endicott J, Rabkin JG, Nee JC, Sandberg D. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoria with alprazolam and placebo. Psychopharm Bull. 1987;23:150-153.
33. Chuong CJ, Coulam CB, Kao PC, Bergstralh EJ, Go VL. Neuropeptide levels in premenstrual syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1985;44:760-765.
34. Cedarbaum JM, Aghajanian G. Noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus inhibition by epinephrine and activation by the antagonist piperozane. Brain Res. 1976;112:413-419.
35. Choung CJ, Hsi BP. Effect of naloxone on luteinizing hormone secretion in premenstrual syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1994;61:1039-1044.
36. Muse KN, Cetel NS, Futterman LA, Yen SS. The premenstrual syndrome: effects of medical ovariectomy. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1345-1349.
37. Casson P, Hahn PM, Van Vugt DA, Reid RL. Lasting response to ovariectomy in severe intractable premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162:99-105.
38. Hammarback S, Backstrom T. Induced anovulation as treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome. A double-blind cross-over study with GnRH-agonist versus placebo. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1988;67:159-166.
39. Mortola JF, Girton L, Fischer U. Successful treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome by use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen/progestin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;71:252A-252F.
40. Backstrom T, Hansson-Malmstrom Y, Lindhe BA, Cavalli-Bjorkman B, Nordenstrom S. Oral contraceptives in premenstrual syndrome: a randomized trial of triphasic and monophasic preparations. Contraception. 1992;46:253-268.
41. Graham CA, Sherwin BB. A prospective treatment study of premenstrual symptoms using a triphasic oral contraceptive. J Psychosom Res. 1992;36:257-266.
42. Yuk VJ, Cumming CE, Fox EE, Cumming DC. Frequency and severity of premenstrual symptoms in women taking birth control pills. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1991;31:42-45.
43. Magos A, Studd J. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind crossover trial. British Medical Journal (Clininical Research Edition). 1985;291:213-214.
44. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C, Gotts G, Brown JB, Smith MA, Burrows GD. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind crossover trial. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 1985;290:1617-1621.
45. Freeman EE, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, Polansky M. Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1990;264:349-353.
46. Mortola JF, Beck L, Girton L, Fischer U. The temporal delay between ovarian steroid fluctuations and symptoms in premenstrual syndrome. Paper presented at: Proceedings of 71st annual meeting of the Endocrine Society; June 21-24, 1989; Seattle, WA.
47. Hackmann E, Wirz-Justice A, Lichtsteiner M. The uptake of dopamine and serotonin in the rat brain due to progesterone decline. Psychopharmacologia. 1973;32:183-191.
48. Biegun A, Borcovitz H, Sanuel D. Serotonin receptor concentration during the oestrus cycle of the rat. Brain Res. 1980;187:221.
49. Bethea CL. Colocalization of progestin receptors with serotonin in raphe neurons of macaque. Neuroendocrinology. 1993;57:1-6.
50. Wirz-Justice A, Chappius Arntt E. Sex differences in chlorimipramine inhibition of serotonin uptake in human platelets. Eur J Pharm. 1976;40:21.
51. Taylor D, Matthew RJ, Ho BT. Serotonin levels and platelet uptake during premenstrual tension. Serotonin in biological psychiatry. Paper presented at: 15th Annual Symposium, Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences; 1982; Hamilton, TX.
52. Ashby CR Jr, Carr LA, Cook CL, Steptoe MM, Franks DD. Alteration of platelet serotonin mechanisms and monoamine oxidase activity in premenstrual syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 1988;24:225-233.
53. Rapkin AJ, Edelmuth E, Chang LC, Reading AE, McGuire MT, Su TP. Whole-blood serotonin in premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70:533-537.
54. Leudo de Tejado A, Carrero QFB, Estela, et al. Elimination urina de acido 5-hidroxiindolico durante el cicle menstrual humano (Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid during the human menstrual cycle). Cenicol Obstet Mex. 1978;44:85.
55. Samanin R, Caccia S, Benoulti C, Borsini F, Borroni E, Invernizzi R, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of serotonin-dependent anorexia in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980;68:99-104.
56. Hoebel BG, Liebomitz SF. Brain monoamines in the modulation of self-stimulation, feeding and body weight. In: Weiner, H, Hofer, MF, Stunkard, AJ, eds. Brain, Behavior and Bodily Disease. New York, NY: Raven; 1981:263-268.
57. Halmi KA, Eckert E, La Du TJ, Cohen J. Anorexia nervosa: treatment efficacy of cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43:177-181.
58. Vetulani J, Sansone M, Bednarczyk B, Hano, J. Different effects of 3-chlorophenylpiperazine on locomotor activity and acquisition of conditioned avoidance response in different strains of mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1982;319:271-274.
59. Aloi JA, Insel TR, Mueller EA, Murphy DL. Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine administration in rhesus monkeys. Life Sci. 1984;34:1325-1331.
60. Asberg M, Bertilsson L, Tuck D, Cronholm B, Sjoquist F. Indolamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients before and during treatment with nortriptyline. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1973;14:277-286.
61. Griffin LD, Mellon SH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors directly alter activity of neurosteroidogenic enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:13512-13517.
62. Sundstrom I, Backstrom T. Citalopram increases pregnanolone sensitivity in patients with premenstrual syndrome: an open trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998;23:73-88.
63. Dimmock PW, Wyatt KM, Jones PW, O'Brien PMS. Efficacy of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. Lancet. 2000;356:1131-1136.
64. Yonkers KA, Halbreich U, Freeman E, Brown C, Endicott J, Frank E, et al. Symptomatic improvement of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline treatment. A randomized control trial. Sertraline Premenstrual Dysphoric Collaborative Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1997;278:983-998.
65. Yonkers KA, Gullion C, Williams A, Novak K, Rush AJ. Paroxetine as a treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16:3-8.
66. Sunblad C, Modigh K, Andersh B, et al: Clomipramine effectively reduces premenstrual irritability and dysphoria: a placebo-controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;85:39-47.
67. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Yonkers KA, Kunz NR, McPherson M, Upton GV. Venlafaxine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;98:737-744.
68. Steiner M, Romano SJ, Babcock S, Dillon J, Shuler C, Berger C, et al. The efficacy of fluoxetine in improving physical symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2001;108:462-468.
69. Mortola JF, Moossazadeh F. A randomized trial of fluoxetine and imipramine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation; March 1991; San Antonio, TX.
70. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Sondheimer SJ, Polansky M. Differential response to antidepressants in women with premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder - A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:932-939.
71. Steiner M, Korzekwa M, Lemont J, Wilkins A. Intermittent fluoxetine in the treatment of women with premenstrual dysphoria. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33:771-774.
72. Wikander I, Sundblad C, Andersch B, Dagnell I, Zylberstein D, Bengtsson F, et al. Citalopram in premenstrual dysphoria: Is intermittent treatment during luteal phases more effective than continuous medication throughout the menstrual cycle? J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;18:390-398.
73. Tallman JF, Thomas JW, Gallager DW. GABAergic modulation of benzodiazepine binding site sensitivity. Nature. 1978;274:283-285.
74. Gallagher DW. Benzodiazepines: potentiation of a GABA inhibitory response in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Eur J Pharmacol. 1978;49:133.
75. Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul, SM. Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate like modulators of the GABA receptor. Science. 1986;232:1004-1007.
76. Lasaga M, Duvilanski BH, Seilicovich A, Afiones S, Dubeljuk L. Effect of sex steroids on GABA receptors in the rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988;155:163-166.
77. Rapkin AJ, Morgan M, Goldman L, Brann DW, Simone D, Mahesh VB. Progesterone metabolite allopregnenolone in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90:709-716.
78. Evans SM, Haney M, Levin FR, Foltin RW, Fischman MW. Mood and performance changes in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: acute effects of alprazolam. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998;19:499-516.
79. Morel G, Dihl F, Albert ML, Dubois PM. Binding and internalization of native gonadoliberin (GnRH)s by anterior pituitary gonadotrophs of the rat. Cell Tissue Res. 1987;248:541-550.
80. Hazum E, Cuatrecasas P, Marion J, Conn PM. Receptor-mediated internalization of gonadotropin releasing hormone by pituitary gonadotrophs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1980;77:6692-6695.
81. Askel S, Schomberg DW, Tyrey L, Hammond CV. Vasomotor symptoms, serum estrogens and gonadotropin levels in surgical menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976;126:165-169.
82. Meldrum DR. The pathophysiology of postmenopausal symptoms. Reproductive Endocrinology. 1983;1:11.
83. Johansen JS, Riis BJ, Hassager C, Moen M, Jacobson J, Christiansen C. The effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (nafarelin) on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:701-706.
84. Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of postmenopausal therapy and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1044-1049.
85. Leather AT, Studd JW, Watson NR, Holland EF. The treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome with goserelin with and without 'add-back' estrogen therapy: a placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1999;13:48-55.
86. Greene R, Dalton K. The premenstrual syndrome. British Medical Journal. 1953;1:1007.
87. Wyatt K, Dimmock P, Jones P, Obhrai M, O'Brien S. Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. British Medical Journal. 2001;323:776-780.
88. Burnet RB, Radden HS, Easterbrook EG, McKinnon RA. Premenstrual syndrome and spironolactone. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;31:366-368.
89. Forrest ARW. Cyclical variations in mood in normal women taking oral contraceptives. British Medical Journal. 1979;1:1403.
90. Cullberg J. Mood changes and menstrual symptoms with different gestagen/estrogen combinations. A double blind comparison with placebo. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1972;236:1-86.
91. Dmowski WP. Endocrine properties and clinical application of danazol. Fertil Steril. 1979;31:237-251.
92. Halbreich U, Rojanski N, Palter S. Elimination of ovulation and menstrual cyclicity (with danazol) improves dysphoric premenstrual syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1991;56:1066-1069.
93. Calton GJ, Burnett JW. Danazol and migraine. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:721-722.
94. Warole PG, Whitehead MI, Mills RP. Nonreversible and wide ranging vocal changes after treatment with danazol. British Medical Journal. 1983;287:946-951.
95. Quagliarello J, Greco MA. Danazol and urogenital sinus formation in pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1985;49:939-942.
96. Stevinson C, Ernst E. Complementary/alternative therapies for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:227-235.
97. Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Jones PW, O'Brien PMS. Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. British Medical Journal. 1999;318:1375-1381.
98. Thys-Jacobs S, Starkey P, Bernstein D, Tian J. Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:444-452.
99. Rossignol AM, Bonnlander H. Prevalence and severity of the premenstrual syndrome: effects of food and beverages that are sweet or high in sugar content. J Reprod Med. 1991;36:131-136.
100. Agonoff JA, Boyle GJ. Aerobic exercise, mood states and menstrual cycle symptoms. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38:183-192.
101. Steege JF, Bloomenthal JA. The effects of aerobic exercise on premenstrual syndrome in middle aged women: a preliminary study. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37:127-133.