Policy paradox: Implications of U.S. drug control policy for Jamaica

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Volumn 582, Issue JULY, 2002, Pages 117-133

  Jones, Marlyn J ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036334916     PISSN: 00027162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002716202058002009     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Amnesty International. 2001. Jamaica: Killings and violence by police. How many more victims? Jamaica Gleaner Online, 4 October. Available from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/pages/amnesty/full/index.html.
2. Anderson, Omar. 2000. Less ganja, more cocaine in Jamaica. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 5 March. Retrieved from http://www.j amaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20000305/index.html.
3. Arganaras, Fernando Garcia. 1997. Harm reduction at the supply side of the drug war: The case of Bolivia. In Harm reduction: A new direction for drug policies and programs, edited by Patricia G. Erickson, Diane M. Riley, Yuet W. Cheung, and Patrick A. O'Hare. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
4. Associated Press. 2001. Jamaica tops region in cocaine transshipment. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 12 March. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20010312/news/news3.html.
5. Blackman, Kenneth. 1992. Jamaica: Drugs, politics and poverty blamed for wave of violence. Interpress Service, 6 March.
6. Bureau of Western Hemispheric Fact Sheet, Andean Regional Initiative. 2001. Retrieved 16 May from http://www.state.gov/e/rls/index.cfm?docid= 2980 [2001-09-18].
7. Chuck, Delroy. 1999. Vortex of decline. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 30 June. Retrieved from http://www.go-jamaica.com/gleaner/19990630/.
8. Cocaine threatening the nation. 2000. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 23 January. Available from http://www.go-jamaica.com.
9. Craig, Richard B. 1987. Illicit drug traffic: Implications for South American source countries. Journal of Intra-American Studies and World Affairs 29 (2): 1-34.
10. Crime the target - PM announces West Kingston inquiry. 2001. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 16 July. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20010716/lead/lead2.html.
11. Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d. The Jamaican posse. Intelligence bulletin 90 (2). New York: New York Field Division, Unified Intelligence Division.
12. Edwards, D. T. 1999. The prevalence of firearm related offenses in Jamaica and implications for national security. M.Sc. diss., Royal Military College of Science, Department of Defense, Management and Security Analysis, Cranfield Security Centre, Shrivenham, UK.
13. Executive Office of the President, United States, Office of National Drug Con- trol Policy. 1997. National drug control strategy. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs01/index.html.
14. -. 1998. National drug control strategy. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publicationspolicy/ndcs01/index.html.
15. -. 1999. National drug control strategy. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications//policy/ndcs01/index.html.
16. -. 2000. National drug control strategy. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs01/index.html.
17. -. 2001. National drug control strategy. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs01/index.html.
18. Gabor, Thomas. 1981. The crime displacement hypothesis: An empirical examination. Crime & Delinquency 27:390-404.
19. Gay, Bruce W., and James M. Marquart. 1993. Jamaican posses: A new form of organized crime. Journal of Crime and Justice 16 (2): 139-70.
20. Gunst, Laurie. 1988. Born fi dead. New York: Holt.
21. Harriott, Anthony. 1996. The changing social organization of crime and criminals in Jamaica. Caribbean Quarterly 42 (2/3): 61-81.
22. Ja holds cocaine ranking. 1999. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 19 October. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19991019/f2 .html.
23. Jamaica Constabulary Force. 1996. Annual report. Kingston, Jamaica: Government Printing Office.
24. -. 1997. Annual report. Kingston, Jamaica: Government Printing Office.
25. -. 1998a. Annual report. Kingston, Jamaica: Government Printing Office.
26. -. 1998b. [Crime statistics]. Unpublished raw data.
27. -. 1999. [Crime statistics]. Unpublished raw data.
28. -. 2000. [Crime statistics]. Unpublished raw data.
29. Jamaica holds cocaine ranking. 1999. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 19 October. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19991019/index.html.
30. Jones, Karen. 1999. Narcotic strategy yields result. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 15 June. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19990615/index.html.
31. Lynch, Colum. 2001. U.S. fights UN accord to fight small arms. Washington Post, 10 July, A01. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/world/A38049-2001Jul9.html.
32. Maingot, Anthony. 1989. The drug menace to the Caribbean. The World and I (July): 128-35.
33. -. 1994. The United States and the Caribbean. Boulder, CO: Westview.
34. McDonald, Scott B. 1988. Dancing on a volcano: The Latin American drug trade. New York: Praeger.
35. Ministry of National Security and Justice. 1997. Report of the National Committee on Political Tribalism. Kingston, Jamaica: Government Printing Office.
36. Monitoring deportees. 1999. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 29 June. Retrieved from http//:www.jamaica-gleaner.com/19990629.
37. Mystery surrounds theft of drug boat from police custody. 2001. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 19 July. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20010719/lead/lead4.html.
38. Nation at risk. 1999. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 21 June. Retrieved from http//:www.jamaica-gleaner.com/19990621.
39. Office of National Drug Control Policy. 1998. Performance measures of effectiveness. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy.
40. -. 2000. Performance measures of effectiveness. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy.
41. Performance Management Evaluation. 2000. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy.
42. Poor parish with a marvelous serenity. 2000. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 23 March. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20000323/index.html.
43. Robotham, Don. 1999a. Crime and public policy in Jamaica (part 2). Jamaica Gleaner Online, 17 August. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19990817/cleisure/index.html.
44. -. 1999b. Roots of crime (2). Jamaica Gleaner Online, 19 August. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19990819/cleisure/index.html.
45. -. 2001. The cocaine connection. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 17 July. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20010717/cleisure/cleisure2.html.
46. Roxborough, Pat. 2001. J'cans crowd UK prisons-British team coming to probe reasons local women smuggle drugs. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 14 May. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20010514/lead/lead2.html.
47. Sinclair, Glenroy. 1999a. Colombians held in hotel. Jamaica Daily Gleaner, 16 July.
48. -. 1999b. U.S. finds most drugs on passengers from Jamaica. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 21 September. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19990921/f2.html.
49. Small, Geoff. 1995. Ruthless: The global rise of the yardies. London: Warner Books.
50. Smith, Peter. 1992. The political economy of drugs: Conceptual issues and policy options. In Drug policy In the Americas, edited by Peter Smith. Boulder, CO: Westview.
51. Stone, Carl. 1986. Class, state and democracy in Jamaica. New York: Praeger.
52. -. 1991. Hard drug use in a black island society. Caribbean Affairs 4 (2): 142-61.
53. Thachuk, K. 1997. Plomo o plata: Politics, corruption and drug policy in Colombia. Ph.D. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada.
54. Thwaites, Daniel. 1999. The usual suspect. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 16 July. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/19990716/index.html.
55. -. 2000. How low can we go? Jamaica Gleaner Online, 20 October. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20001020/cleisure/cleisure4.html.
56. U.S., Canada, Jamaica, Bahamas smash drug ring. 2001. Retrieved from http://www.wjin.net/html/news/7197.htm/2/5/01.
57. U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Services, n.d.-a. Detention and removal fact sheet and statistics. Retrieved from http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/publicaffairs/factsheets/Deten.pdf 2000-12-13.
58. -. n.d.-b. Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/Illegals.htm 2001-08-01.
59. Virtue, Erica. 1999. Gas riots leave longterm damage. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 14 November. Retrieved from http://www.go-jamaica.com/gleaner/19991114/f1.html.
60. White House, Office of the Press Secretary. 2000. Press release on Colombia assistance package. Grand Canyon, AZ: Office of the Press Spokesman.
61. Williams, Lloyd. 2000a. Colombians take control of local cocaine trade. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 23 January. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20000123/index.html.
62. -. 2000b. US$ ganja cut-back. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 13 March. Available from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com.
63. -. 2000c. Washed up cocaine, gunman and violence. Jamaica Gleaner Online, 24 January. Retrieved from http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20000124/index.html.
64. Wolfe, L. 1993. Report of the National Task Force on Crime. Kingston, Jamaica: Government Printing Office.