Bacillus anthracis as an agent of bioterrorism: A review emphasizing surgical treatment

Annals of Surgery

Volumn 236, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 9-16

  Binkley, Charles E ^a   Cinti, Sandro ^a   Simeone, Diane M ^a   Colletti, Lisa M ^a  

^a Box 0331 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPICILLIN; ANTHRAX VACCINE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; IMIPENEM; INACTIVATED VACCINE; LIVE VACCINE; PENICILLIN G; PIPERACILLIN; RIFAMPICIN; STEROID; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTHRAX; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL SKIN DISEASE; BACTERIAL SPORE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; CHILL; CLINICAL FEATURE; DRUG CHOICE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEVER; GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION; GRAM STAINING; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; LASSITUDE; MALAISE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPSIS; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; VACCINATION;

ANTHRAX; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BIOTERRORISM; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; SHOCK, SEPTIC; SKIN DISEASES, INFECTIOUS; VACCINATION;

EID: 0036287755     PISSN: 00034932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200207000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Anthrax as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management
2. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979
3. Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from the Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979
4. The monitoring and detection of Bacillus anthracis in the environment
5. The decontamination of Gruinard Island
6. Information on which to base assessments of risk from environments contaminated with anthrax spores
7. 2-dependent expression of the genetic region for encapsulation from Bacillus anthracis
8. The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence
9. The ecology of anthrax spores
10. The monitoring and detection of Bacillus anthracis in the environment
11. The anthrax toxin complex
12. Anthrax toxin edema factor: A bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells
13. Bacillus anthracis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase: Chemical and enzymatic properties and interactions with eucaryotic cells
14. On the role of macrophages in anthrax
15. Role of macrophage oxidative burst in the action of anthrax lethal toxin
16. Biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in J774 macrophage-like cells
17. Studies on the relation of a prior immune response to immunogenicity
18. Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region, which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis
19. Polyglutamic acid from Bacillus anthracis grown in vivo: Structure and aggressin activity
20. Anthrax
21. Pathogenesis of inhalation anthrax
22. Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001
23. Indigenous human cutaneous anthrax in Texas
24. Human cutaneous anthrax - North Carolina
25. Human cutaneous anthrax - North Carolina, 1987
26. Human cutaneous anthrax - North Carolina
27. Anthrax
28. Anthrax
29. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
30. A case of cutaneous anthrax with toxaemic shock
31. Anthrax
32. Treatment of anthrax
33. Penicillin therapy of human cutaneous anthrax
34. Surgical management of cutaneous anthrax
35. Cutaneous anthrax in eastern Turkey
36. Ulnar nerve lesion due to cutaneous anthrax
37. Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent
38. Anthrax: A report of one hundred seventeen cases
39. Anthrax
40. Serological studies of patients with cutaneous and oral-pharyngeal anthrax from northern Thailand
41. Outbreak of anthrax in Thailand
42. Outbreak of oral-pharyngeal anthrax
43. Survival of a patient with intestinal anthrax
44. Gastric anthrax with massive ascites
45. Anthrax
46. Anthrax
47. Acute abdomen due to anthrax
48. Intestinal anthrax in a two-year-old child
49. Intestinal anthrax in man: A case report
50. Intestinal anthrax with bacteriological investigations
51. Corticosteroid in treatment of malignant edema of chest wall and neck (anthrax)
52. Construction and characterization of a protective antigen-deficient Bacillus anthracis strain
53. Inhalation anthrax: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management
54. Pathogenesis of inhalation anthrax
55. Radiologic changes in inhalation anthrax
56. Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001
57. Bacillus anthracis aerosols in goat hair processing mills
58. Pathophysiological and biochemical changes in anthrax
59. Bacillus anthracis as a cause of bacterial meningitis
60. Bacillus anthracic meningitis
61. Anthrax meningitis: Report of two cases with autopsies
62. Survival in anthrax meningitis
63. Treatment of anthrax in children
64. Anthrax
65. Bacillus
66. Evaluation of serologic tests for diagnosis of anthrax after an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Paraguay
67. Serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and Etosha National Park wildlife
68. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect hemagglutination assays for determining anthrax antibodies
69. Evaluation of the anthraxin skin test for diagnosis of acute and past human anthrax
70. Anthrax post-vaccinal cellmediated immunity in humans: Kinetics pattern
71. Identification of a region of genetic variability among Bacillus anthracis strains and related species
72. Molecular characterization of Bacillus strains involved in outbreaks of anthrax in France in 1997
73. Isolation of a specific chromosomic DNA sequence of Bacillus anthracis and its possible use in diagnosis
74. Identification and characterization of Bacillus anthracis by multiplex PCR analysis of sequences on plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 and chromosomal DNA
75. Molecular evolution and diversity in Bacillus anthracis as detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers
76. A multiplexed fluorescent PCR genotyping system based on ten highly informative single-locus markers for B. anthracis strain identification
77. Genetic diversity in the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis
78. Characterization of the variable-number tandem repeats in vrrA from different Bacillus anthracis isolates
79. Anthrax vaccines: Past, present and future
80. Human live anthrax vaccine in the former USSR
81. Anthrax vaccine: Evidence for safety and efficacy against inhalation anthrax
82. Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents
83. Field evaluation of a human anthrax vaccine
84. Development of antibodies to protective antigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity
85. Comparative efficacy of Bacillus anthracis live spore vaccine and protective antigen vaccine against anthrax in the guinea pig
86. Immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants
87. Efficacy of a standard human anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs
88. Anthrax vaccine efficacy against Bacillus anthracis strains of diverse geographical origin
89. Experimental anthrax vaccines: Efficacy of adjuvants combined with protective antigen against an aerosol Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs
90. Pathology of experimental inhalation anthrax in the rhesus monkey
91. Efficacy of a standard human anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis aerosol spore challenge in rhesus monkeys
92. Comparison of the efficacy of purified protective antigen and MDPH to protect non-human primates from inhalation anthrax
93. Comparative efficacy of experimental anthrax vaccine candidates against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques
94. In vitro correlate of immunity in an animal model of inhalational anthrax