Update on intoxication by war neurotoxic agents: Physiopathologic effects (I);Actualización de las intoxicaciones por agentes neurotóxicos de guerra: Efectos fisiopatológicos (I)

Atencion Farmaceutica

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 98-116

  Pita Pita, R ^a   Anadon Navarro A ^a   Martinez Larranaga Ma R ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cholinergic syndrome; Intermediate syndrome; Neuropathy retarded by organophosphorated compounds; War neurotoxic agents

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; NEUROTOXIN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE;

CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; INTOXICATION; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; NEUROPATHY; NEUROTOXICITY; REVIEW; SYNDROME;

EID: 0036286579     PISSN: 11397357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Bioscavengers as antidotes for organophosphorus (OP) agents
2. Hitler's secret weapon
3. The rise and rise of chemical weapons
4. The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products
5. Intoxication with nerve agent GV (2-dimethylaminoethyl-/dimethylamido/-phosphonofluoridate) and its treatment
6. From disarmament to rearmament
7. Grappling with demons: Deficiencies in chem/bio protection pose «moderate to high risk» in 2MTW plans
8. Monitoring of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood
9. The manifestations and treatment of poisoning due to nerve gas and other organic phosphate anticholinesterase compounds
10. Effects in man of the anticholinesterase compound sarin (isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate)
11. Toxicokinetics of soman: Species variation and stereospecificity in elimination pathways
12. Methods for retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals: An overview
13. Toxicokinetics of (±)-VX in hairless guinea pigs and marmosets - In vitro metabolism of (±)-VX
14. Organophosphate poisoning
15. Long term health effects of low dose exposure to nerve agents
16. Nerve agents
17. Progress in medical defense against nerve agents
18. The effects and treatment of nerve gas poisoning
19. Ocular signs and symptoms caused by exposure to sarin gas
20. Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: Report of rescue activity in the first satin gas terrorism
21. Clinical features on nerve gas terrorism in Matsumoto
22. Tokyo subway gas attack
23. Chemical aspects of sarin and VX terrorist attacks in Japan in 1994 and 1995
24. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack
25. The Tokyo subway sarin attack: Disaster management, part 2: Hospital response
26. Toxic gas trauma
27. Sarin poisoning in Matsumoto, Japan
28. Clinical profiles of patients with sarin poisoning after the Tokyo subway attack
29. Soman and sarin: Clinical manifestations and treatment of accidental poisoning by organophosphates
30. Accidental exposure to satin: Vision effects
31. Relationship between pupil size and acetylcholinesterase activity in patients exposed to sarin vapor
32. Organophosphates and their impact on the global environment
33. A case of VX poisoning and the difference from sarin
34. Aum Shinrikyo (1995)
35. Sarin poisoning in Tokyo subway
36. Sarin poisoning in Tokyo subway
37. Eighteen cases exposed to sarin in Matsumoto, Japan
38. Epidemiological study of sarin poisoning in Matsumoto City, Japan
39. Direct determination of acetyl-enzyme intermediate in the acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine
40. Atomic structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: A prototypic acetylcholine-binding protein
41. Acetylcholinesterase: Dissociation constants of the active groups
42. An electrostatic mechanism for substrate guidance down the aromatic gorge of acetylcholinesterase
43. Structure and dynamics of the active site gorge of acetylcholinesterase: Synergistic use of molecular dynamics simulation and X-ray crystallography
44. Open «back door» in a molecular dynamics simulation of acetylcholinesterase
45. The cholinesterases: From genes to proteins
46. Quaternary ligand binding to aromatic residues in the active-site gorge of acetylcholinesterase
47. Mechanism of enzyme inhibition by phosphate esters
48. Crystal structures of aged phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: Nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level
49. Anticholinesterase agents
50. A preliminary comparison of structural models for catalytic intermediates of acetylcholinesterase
51. Structure and dynamics of serine hydrolase-organo-phosphate adducts
52. Analysis of cholinesterase inactivation and reactivation by systematic structural modification and enantiomeric selectivity
53. Factors influencing the rate of «aging» of a series of alkyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterases
54. Sarin, other «nerve agents», and their antidotes
55. Evidence for P-N bond scission in phosphoroamidate nerve agent adducts of human acetylcholinesterase
56. Psychopathologisch-neurologische spät- und dauerschäden nach gewerblicher intoxikation durch phosphorsäureester (alkylphosphate)
57. Illnesses in Gulf War veterans
58. Long-term health effects of nerve agents and mustard
59. Delayed neurotoxicity in perspective: Summary and objectives of the workshop
60. Actualización de la toxicologia de los plaguicidas
61. Organophosphorus compounds
62. Molecular cloning of neuropathy target esterase (NTE)
63. Neurotoxic esterase activity in brain, spinal cord and platelets of certain birds and mammals
64. Peripheral biochemical marker for organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity
65. Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides: An intermediate syndrome
66. Intermediate syndrome in organophosphorus poisoning: A prospective study
67. Pathophysiological studies of neuromuscular function in subacute organophosphate poisoning induced by phosmet
68. «In vitro» inhibition of neurotoxic esterase by organophosphorus nerve agents
69. The delayed neuropathic effects of nerve agents and some other organophosphorus compounds
70. The relationship between the chemical structure and neurotoxicity of alkyl organophosphorus compounds
71. Delayed neuropathy by organophosphorus nerve agents
72. Delayed neuropathy by the organophosphorus nerve agents soman and tabun
73. A comparative study of delayed neurotoxicity in hens following repeated administration of organophosphorus compounds
74. Delayed neurotoxic effect of sarin in mice after repeated inhalation exposure
75. Historical perspective of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity
76. Reversible necrosis at the end-plate region in striated muscles of the rat poisoned with cholinesterase inhibitors
77. Comparison of the ultrastructural myopathy induced by anticholinesterase agents at the end plates of rat soleus and extensor muscles
78. The reversible carbamate, (-)physostigmine, reduces the size of synaptic end plate lesions induced by sarin, an irreversible organophosphate
79. Long-term study of brain lesions following soman, in comparison to DFP and metrazol poisoning
80. Sarin-induced neuropathology in rats
81. Effect of soman exposure on the acquisition of an operant alternation task
82. The long-term effects of low level sarin inhalation exposure to cognitive functions in rats
83. Neuropharmacological mechanisms of nerve agent-induced seizure and neuropathology
84. Non-specific effects of organophosphorus inhibitors of cholinesterases
85. Persistent effects of sarin and dieldrin upon the primate electroencephalogram
86. A history of human studies with nerve agents in the UK and USA
87. Single fibre electromyographic changes in man after organophosphate exposure
88. Some behavioral changes in man following anticholinesterase administration
89. Long-term effects of an organophosphate upon the human electroencephalogram
90. Organophosphate neurotoxicity: Chronic effects of sarin on the electroencephalogram of monkey and man
91. Sarin
92. The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq
93. Gulf War illness: The battle continues
94. Is there a Gulf War syndrome? Searching for syndromes by factor analysis of symptoms
95. Evaluation of neurologic function in Gulf War veterans: A blinded case-control study
96. Vestibular dysfunction in Gulf War syndrome
97. Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War
98. Brain abnormalities in Gulf War syndrome: Evaluation with 1 H MR spectroscopy
99. Effect of basal ganglia injury on central dopamine activity in Gulf War syndrome
100. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses
101. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses
102. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses
103. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses
104. Counterpoint: Responding to suppositions and misunderstandings
105. Fracas over $5 million Gulf syndrome grant
106. Follow-up of sarin poisoning in Matsumoto
107. Sequelae of sarin toxicity at one and three years after exposure in Matsumoto, Japan
108. Sarin poisoning of a rescue team in the Matsumoto sarin incident in Japan
109. Sarin poisoning on Tokyo subway
110. Asymptomatic sequelae to acute satin poisoning in the central and autonomic nervous system 6 months after the Tokyo subway attack
111. A preliminary study on delayed vestibulo-ce rebellar effects of Tokyo subway sarin poisoning in relation to gender difference: Frequency analysis of postural sway
112. Chronic neurobehavioral effects of Tokyo subway sarin poisoning in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder
113. Distal sensory axonopathy after sarin intoxication
114. Comparative studies on the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds in different animal species Delayed neurotoxicity
115. Interaction between neurotoxicities induced by organophosphorus and long-chain hexacarbon compounds
116. Morphogenic role for acetylcholinesterase in axonal outgrowth during neural development
117. Organophosphate poisoning in pregnancy
118. Method for the analysis of the methylphosphonic acid metabolites of sarin and its ethanol-substituted analogue in urine as applied to the victims of the Tokyo sarin disaster
119. The by-products generated during sarin synthesis in the Tokyo sarin disaster induced inhibition of natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity