Field measurements of direct and rearview-mirror glare from low-beam headlamps

Lighting Research & Technology

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 101-109

  Sivak, M ^a   Flannagan, M J ^a   Schoettle, B ^a   Nakata, Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEADLIGHTS; ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PASSENGER CARS;

LOW BEAM HEAD LAMPS;

MIRRORS;

EID: 0036285123     PISSN: 14771535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/1365782802li036oa     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Kojima S, Traube EC. A market-weighted description of low-beam headlighting patterns in the US. SAE Technical Paper Series 980317. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1998.
2. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Schoettle B. A market-weighted description of low-beam headlighting patterns in Europe. SAE Technical Paper Series 2001-01-0857. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2001.
3. Ammerlaan H, Vellekoop, L. A survey of on-board voltages of present M1 vehicles. Document 8, presented at the 37th GRE Session. Geneva: GRE, 1996.
4. Silva D. Long-term on-vehicle usage and voltage measurements. Report presented at the GTB Meeting in South Africa. Dearborn, MI: Ford Motor Co, 1998.
5. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Traube EC, Miyokawa T. Do changes in voltage result in proportional changes throughout headlamp beam pattern? Lighting Res. Technol. 1999; 31: 1-3.
6. Cox NT. The effect of dirt on vehicle headlamp performance. Report LR240. Crowthorne, England: Road Research Laboratory, 1968.
7. Rumar K. Dirty headlamps - frequency and visibility effects. Ergonomics 1974; 17: 529-533.
8. Padmos P, Alferdinck JWAM. Car headlamps: influence of dirt, age, and poor aim on glare and illumination intensities. Lighting Res. Technol. 1988; 20: 195-198.
9. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Miyokawa T. Determining the most effective ways of improving current headlighting. Proceedings of the Conference on Progress in Automotive Lighting. Darmstadt, Germany: Darmstadt University of Technology, 1999: 723-732.
10. Jackett MJ, Fischer AJ. The light reflecting properties of asphaltic concrete road surfaces. Proceedings of the 7th conference of the Australian Road Research Board. Adelaide: Australian Road Research Board, 1974: 287-306.
11. Sabey BE. Road surface reflection characteristics. Report LR490. Crowthorne, England: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1972.
12. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Budnik EA, Flannagan CC, Kojima S. The locations of headlamps and driver eye positions in vehicles sold in the US. Ergonomics 1997; 40: 872-878.
13. Reed M, Lehto MM, Flannagan MJ. Field of view in passenger car mirrors. Report UMTRI- 2000-23. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2000.
14. Reed MP, Ebert SM, Flannagan MJ. Mirrorfield of view in light trucks, minivans, and sport utility vehicles. Report UMTRI-2001-01. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2001.
15. Society of Automotive Engineers. Information Report J1330: Photometry laboratory accuracy guidelines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1994.
16. Lighting handbook: reference and applications, 8th edition. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 1993.
17. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Traube EC, Kojima S, Aoki M. Low-beam headlamps: effects of realistic levels of dirt on light output. Lighting Res. Technol. 1997; 29: 15-22.
18. Sivak M, Flannagan MJ, Miyokawa T. Recommended test voltage for worldwide harmonized headlamp photometric specifications. Report UMTRI-99-3. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 1999.
19. Olson PL, Winkler CB. Measurement of crash avoidance characteristics of vehicles in use. Report UMTRI-85-20. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 1985.
20. Copenhaver MM, Jones E. Measurement of headlamp aim and the electrical and photometric performance characteristics of rear lighting systems. Report DOT HS 807930. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1992.