Children's comprehension of and fear reactions to television news

Media Psychology

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-26

  Smith, Stacy L ^a   Wilson, Barbara J ^b  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036248423     PISSN: 15213269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0401_01     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Atkin, C. (1978). Broadcast news programming and the child audience. Journal of Broadcasting, 22, 47-61.
2. Blosser, B. J., & Roberts, D. F. (1985). Age differences in children's perceptions of TV news, commercials, educational spots, and public service announcements. Communication Research, 12, 455-484.
3. Bruner, J. S. (1966). On cognitive growth I & II. In J. S. Bruner, R. R. Oliver, & P. M. Greenfield (Eds.), Studies in cognitive growth (pp. 1-67). New York: Wiley.
4. Cairns, E. (1990). Impact of television news exposure on children's perceptions of violence in Northern Ireland. Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 447-452.
5. Cantor, J. (1996). Television and children's fear. In T. M. MacBeth (Ed.), Tuning in to young viewers (pp. 87-116). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
6. Cantor, J. (1998). Children's attraction to violent television programming. In J. Goldstein (Ed.), Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment (pp. 88-115). New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Cantor, J., Mares, M. L., & Oliver, M. B. (1993). Parents' and children's emotional reactions to TV coverage of the Gulf War. In B. S. Greenberg & W. Gantz (Eds.), Desert storm and the mass media (pp. 325-340). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
8. Cantor, J., & Nathanson, A. I. (1996). Children's fright reactions to television news. Journal of Communication, 46(4), 139-152.
9. Cantor, J., & Reilly, S. (1982). Adolescents' fright reactions to television and films. Journal of Communication, 32(1), 87-99.
10. Cantor, J., & Sparks, G. G. (1984). Children's fear responses to mass media: Testing some Piagetian predictions. Journal of Communication, 34(2), 90-103.
11. Cantor, J., Wilson, B. J., & Hoffner, C. (1986). Emotional responses to a televised nuclear holocaust film. Communication Research, 13, 257-277.
12. Children Now. (1994). Tuned in or tuned out? America's children speak out on the news media. Author. Available E-mail: Children@dnai.com
13. Collins, W. A. (1983). Interpretation and inference in children's television viewing. In J. Bryant & D. R. Anderson (Eds.), Children's understanding of television (pp. 125-150). New York: Academic.
14. Dixon, T. L. (1998). Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
15. Dorr, A. (1983). No shortcuts to judging reality. In J. Bryant & D. R. Anderson (Eds.), Children's understanding of television (pp. 199-220). New York: Academic.
16. Dorr, A. (1986). Television and children: A special medium for a special audience. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
17. Drew, D. G., & Reeves, B. B. (1978). Children and television news. Journalism Quarterly, 57, 45-54, 114.
18. Egan, L. M. (1978). Children's viewing patterns for television news. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 337-342.
19. Flavell, J. H. (1985). Cognitive development (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
20. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Signorielli, N., Morgan, M., & Jackson-Beeck, M. (1979). The demonstration of power: Violence profile no. 10. Journal of Communication, 29(3), 177-196.
21. Greenberg, B. S., & Gantz, W. (Eds.). (1993). Desert Storm and the mass media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
22. Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1982). Television's influence on social reality. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1196[2], pp. 224-247). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
23. Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1990). Divergent psychological processes in constructing social reality from mass media content. In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan (Eds.), Cultivation analysis: New directions in media effects research (pp. 35-50). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24. Hoffner, C., & Cantor, J. (1985). Developmental differences in response to a television character's appearance and behavior. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1065-1074.
25. Hoffner, C., & Haefner, M. J. (1993). Children's responses to news coverage of the war. In B. S. Greenberg & W. Gantz (Eds.), Desert Storm and the mass media (pp. 364-380). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
26. Johnson, R. N. (1996). Bad news revisited: The portrayal of violence, conflict, and suffering on television news. Peace and conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 2, 201-216.
27. Kunkel, D. (1994). How does the news media "see" kids. Media Studies Journal, 8, 75-84.
28. Los Angeles Police Department (2001). Thirty years of homicides: City of Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA: LAPD Robbery Homicide Division.
29. Marascuilo, L. A., & Levin, J. R. (1983). Multivariate statistics in the social sciences. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
30. Melkman, R., Tversky, B., & Baratz, D. (1981). Developmental trends in the use of perceptual and conceptual grouping, clustering, and retrieval. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 31, 470-486.
31. Monaco, N., & Gaier, E. (1987). Developmental level and children's responses to the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, 83-95.
32. Morison, P., & Gardner, H. (1978). Dragons to dinosaurs: The child's capacity to differentiate fantasy from reality. Child Development, 49, 642-648.
33. Morison, P., Kelly, H., & Gardner, H. (1981). Reasoning about the realities on television: A developmental study. Journal of Broadcasting, 25, 229-242.
34. Paris, S. G., Lindauer, B. K., & Cox, G. L. (1977). The development of inferential comprehension. Child Development, 48, 1728-1733.
35. Paris, S. G., & Upton, L. R. (1976). Children's memory for inferential relationships in prose. Child Development, 47, 660-668.
36. Pingree, S. (1983). Children's cognitive processes in constructing social reality. Journalism Quarterly, 60, 415-422.
37. Scott, W. A. (1955). Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding. Public Opinion Quarterly, 19, 321-325.
38. Siegel, R. S. (1965). Television and the reactions of schoolchildren to the assassination. In B. Greenberg & E. Parker (Eds.), The Kennedy assassination and the American public (pp. 199-219). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
39. Smith, L. (1994, March 5). First lady says violence harms young. Los Angeles Times, p. A21.
40. Smith, S. L., & Wilson, B. J. (2000). Children's reactions to a television news story: The impact of video footage and proximity of the crime. Communication Research, 27, 641-673.
41. Sparks, G. G. (1986). Developmental differences in children's reports of fear induced by the mass media. Child Study Journal, 16, 55-66.
42. Stacey, J. (1994, May 10). Reality based violence hits harder. USA Today, p. 3D.
43. Stipp, H. (1995, May). Children's exposure to TV news and reality-based programming. Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, Albuquerque, NM.
44. Wilson, B. J., Hoffner, C., & Cantor, J. (1987). Children's perceptions of the perceived effectiveness of techniques to reduce fear from mass media. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 8, 39-52.
45. Wilson, B. J., & Smith, S. L. (1998). Children's responses to emotional portrayals on television. In P. Anderson & L. Guerrero (Eds.), Handbook of communication and emotion: Theory, application, and contexts (pp. 533-569). New York: Academic.
46. Wright, J. C., Huston, A. C., Reitz, A. L., & Piemyat, S. (1994). Young children's perceptions of television reality: Determinants and developmental differences. Developmental Psychology, 30, 229-239.
47. Wright, J. C., Kunkel, D., Pinon, M., & Huston, A. C. (1989). How children reacted to televised coverage of the space shuttle disaster. Journal of Communication, 39(2), 27-45.