Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations

Brain

Volumn 125, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 952-960

  Buljevac, D ^a   Flach, H Z ^a   Hop, W C J ^a   Hijdra, D ^a   Laman, J D ^a   Savelkoul, H F J ^a   Van Der Meche F G A ^a   Van Doorn, P A ^a   Hintzen, R Q ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Disease course; Exacerbation; Infection; Inflammation; MRI; Multiple sclerosis; sICAM

Indexed keywords

BETA INTERFERON; CYTOKINE; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 12; METHYLPREDNISOLONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RECURRENCE RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASONAL VARIATION; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 0036237054     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awf098     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses: A prospective seroepidemiological study
2. The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: Quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity
3. Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Correlation with demyelination and inflammation
4. APOE genotype is a major predictor of long-term progression of disability in MS
5. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
6. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis
7. Vaccinations and the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis. Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
8. Effects of influenza vaccination and influenza illness on exacerbations in multiple sclerosis
9. Genetics of multiple sclerosis
10. Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis
11. Magnetization transfer changes in the normal appearing white matter precede the appearance of enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
12. Longitudinal study of soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
13. Serum inflammatory markers and clinical/MRI markers of disease progression in multiple sclerosis
14. A serial study of new MS lesions and the white matter from which they arise
15. Th-cell modulation in multiple sclerosis
16. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Final outcome of the randomized controlled trial
17. Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis
18. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis. Pathogenetic and clinical implications
19. Predictive value of lesions for relapses in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
20. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
21. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. 7. Correlates of clinical change in an early bout
22. Balancing the Th1/Th2 concept in multiple sclerosis
23. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an international survey
24. Exacerbation recovery and the progression of multiple sclerosis
25. Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies with paramagnetic contrast medium: Assessment of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis before and after influenza vaccination
26. Magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Concerted action guidelines
27. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of influenza immunization in multiple sclerosis
28. T-cell- and macrophage-mediated axon damage in the absence of a CNS-specific immune response: Involvement of metalloproteinases
29. Multiple sclerosis
30. Influence of infection on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis
31. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
32. Soluble adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum correlate with MRI activity in multiple sclerosis
33. Clinical and MRI assessment of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis after influenza vaccination
34. The genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis
35. Problems of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis: Report by the panel on the evaluation of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis
36. Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis
37. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: The mechanisms underlying the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease
38. Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to neurologic disability
39. Decreased interleukin-10 and increased interleukin-12p40 mRNA are associated with disease activity and characterize different disease stages in multiple sclerosis
40. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course
41. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability
42. Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: Interplay between genes and environment