Floral longevity in Campanula americana (Campanulaceae): A comparison of morphological and functional gender phases

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 89, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 587-591

  Evanhoe, Laurelin ^a   Galloway, Laura F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Campanula americana; Campanulaceae; Floral gender; Floral longevity; Pollen deposition; Pollen removal; Pollinator activity; Protandry

Indexed keywords

FLORAL TRAIT; GENDER; LONGEVITY; POLLINATION; PROTANDRY;

ANIMALIA; CAMPANULA; CAMPANULA AMERICANA; CAMPANULACEAE; CAMPANULASTRUM AMERICANUM; INSECTA;

EID: 0036232819     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.89.4.587     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Limitations to sexual reproduction in Encyclia krugii (Orchidaceae)
2. How long should flowers live?
3. Floral longevity: Fitness consequences and resource costs
4. The cost of floral longevity in Clarkia tembloriensis: An experimental investigation
5. Ecology and evolution of plant mating
6. A technique for the study of insect-borne pollen
7. The phenology of gender in homogamous flowers: Temporal change in the residual sex function of flowers of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus)
8. Optimal flower lifetimes
9. Effects of pollinia removal and insertion on flower longevity in Chloraea alpina (Orchidaceae)
10. Pollen tube attrition in Erythronium grandiflorum
11. Factors that influence the duration of the staminate and pistillate phases of Lobelia cardinalis flowers
12. Sex differential floral longevity, nectar secretion, and pollinator foraging in a protandrous species
13. Parental environmental effects on life history in the herbaceous plant Campanula americana
14. The contribution of display size and dichogamy to potential geitonogamy in Campanula americana
15. The energy cost of bee pollination for Pontederia cordata (Pontederiaceae)
16. Post-pollination phenomena in orchid flowers. VII. Phosphate movement among floral segments
17. Optimal timing of corolla abscission: Experimental study on Erythronium japonicum (Liliaceae)
18. Effects of display size and position on individual floral longevity in racemes of Narthecium asiaticum (Liliaceae)
19. The effect of petal-size manipulation on pollen removal, seed set, and insect-visitor behavior in Campanula americana
20. Fertilization dynamics and parental effects upon fruit development in Raphanus raphanistrum: Consequences for seed size variation
21. Pollination ecology of the spring wildflower community of a temperate deciduous forest
22. Water relations of flowering in Agave deserti
23. The pollen-collecting hairs of Campanula (Campanulaceae). II. Function and adaptive significance in relation to pollination
24. The intrafloral phenology of Streptanthus tortuosus (Brassicaceae)
25. Longevity of individual flowers
26. Costs of reproduction in the pink lady's slipper orchid: A four year experimental study
27. Effect of pollination success on floral longevity in the orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae)
28. Pollen removal and pollen deposition affect the duration of the staminate and pistillate phases in Campanula rapunculoides
29. Seasonal decline in male-phase duration in a protandrous plant: A response to increased mating opportunities?
30. Evolution of reproductive characteristics in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae): The significance of cleistogamy and chasmogamy
31. The evolution of floral longevity: Resource allocation to maintenance versus construction of repeated parts in modular organisms
32. Notes on the life history of Campanula americana, the tall bellflower
33. The ecology of geitonogamous pollination
34. Effects of pollination on floral attraction and longevity