A critical review of the fluoroquinolones: Focus on respiratory tract infections

Drugs

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 13-59

  Zhanel, G G ^a,b,c   Ennis, K ^b   Vercaigne, L ^b   Walkty, A ^a   Gin, A S ^b   Embil, J ^a,c   Smith, H ^a   Hoban, D J ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^c HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEFUROXIME; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLINAFLOXACIN; DIGOXIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GATIFLOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN; GREPAFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; METAL ION; MOXIFLOXACIN; PHENYTOIN; PROBENECID; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SITAFLOXACIN; SPARFLOXACIN; THEOPHYLLINE; TROVAFLOXACIN; WARFARIN;

ALLERGIC REACTION; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG MECHANISM; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HUMAN; LIVER TOXICITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEUROTOXICITY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHOTOTOXICITY; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SINUSITIS; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TENDON DISEASE;

BACILLI; BACTEROIDES; BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS; NEGIBACTERIA; POSIBACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 0036178134     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200262010-00002     Document Type: Review

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157. In-vitro activity of levofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone: Evaluation against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
158. Italian survey on comparative levofloxacin susceptibility in 334 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
159. Survey of bloodstream infections due to gram-negative bacilli: Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997
160. Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections
161. Activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
162. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for pathogens isolated from patients in Latin American medical centers with a diagnosis of pneumonia: Analysis of results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997)
163. Antimicrobial activity and spectrum of LB20304, a novel fluoronaphthyridone
164. In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents, alone and in combinations, against Burkholderia cepacia isolated from blood
165. Comparative activity of trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with other agents, against gram-negative nonfermentative rods
166. In vitro activity of gemifloxacin and other antimicrobials against recent isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia and Acinetobacter spp.
167. In vitro antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin (SB-265805) against common respiratory tract pathogens and urinary tract pathogens isolated in Japan
168. In-vitro activity of OPC-17116 against more than 6000 consecutive clinical isolates: A multicentre international study
169. In vitro activity of OPC-17116 compared to other broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones
170. The activity of grepafloxacin against respiratory pathogens in the UK
171. In vitro activity of HSR-903, a new quinolone
172. In vitro activity of levofloxacin against a selected group of anaerobic bacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections
173. Comparative activity of moxifloxacin in vitro against obligately anaerobic bacteria
174. In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria
175. Activities of gatifloxacin compared to those of seven other agents against anaerobic organisms
176. Trovafloxacin compared with levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against unusual aerobic and anaerobic human and animal bite-wound pathogens
177. In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes
178. Activities of gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) compared to those of other oral antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes
179. Comparative in vitro activity of BAY 12-8039 and five other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria
180. Activities of new antimicrobial agents (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, sanfetrinem, and quinupristin-dalfopristin) against Bacteroides fragilis group: Comparison with the activities of 14 other agents
181. Comparison of the in vitro activities of Bay 12-8039, a new quinolone, and other antimicrobials against clinically important anaerobes
182. In vitro activity of R-95867, the active metabolite of a new oral carbapenem, CS-834, against anaerobic bacteria
183. Comparative in vitro activities of DU-6859a, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against 387 aerobic and anaerobic bite wound isolates
184. Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes
185. Comparative in-vitro activity of levofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, doxycycline and erythromycin against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis
186. Susceptibility of Legionella species to five antibiotics and development of resistance by exposure to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampicin
187. In-vitro activity of grepafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against mycoplasmas
188. In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, compared with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and rifampin, against Legionella species
189. Comparative in vitro activity and post-antibiotic effect of gemifloxacin against Legionella spp.
190. In vitro and in vivo activities of AM-1155, a new fluoroquinolone, against Chlamydia spp.
191. In-vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum to clinafloxacin, PD 131628, ciprofloxacin and comparator drugs
192. In-vitro activity of gatifloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae
193. In vitro activities of gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) against recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae
194. Comparative potency of gemifloxacin, new quinolones, macrolides, tetracycline and clindamycin against Mycoplasma spp.
195. The in-vitro activity of grepafloxacin against Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma urealyticum and Legionella spp.
196. Comparative in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin, minocycline and azithromycin against Chlamydia spp.
197. In vitro activity of a new 8-methoxyquinolone, BAY 12-8039, against Chlamydia pneumoniae
198. In vitro activity of BAY 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone against mycoplasmas
199. In vitro activity of trovafloxacin against Chlamydia pneumoniae
200. Urinary excretion and bactericidal activity of intravenous ciprofloxacin compared with oral ciprofloxacin
201. Penetration of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin into alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes
202. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin
203. The tolerance and pharmacokinetics of clinafloxacin (CI-960) in healthy subjects
204. Pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of clinafloxacin
205. Pharmacokinetics of clinafloxacin following oral and intravenous single and multiple dosing in volunteers
206. Single-dose clinafloxacin pharmacokinetics in subjects with various degrees of renal function
207. In vitro activity of PD 127,391, an enhanced-spectrum quinolone
208. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of AM-1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, in humans
209. A study to determine the pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of gatifloxacin following a single oral dose
210. Interchangeability of 400-mg intravenous and oral gatifloxacin in healthy adults
211. Age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin
212. Safety and pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of gatifloxacin in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment
213. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Two new fluoroquinolones
214. Pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin and interaction with an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium
215. The effect of food on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers
216. The effect of ferrous sulphate and sucralfate on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers
217. The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a single oral dose of gemifloxacin in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment
218. Distribution of gemifloxacin into saliva, sweat, tears and nasal secretion in healthy volunteers
219. Pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin administered to patients with severe renal impairment and patients on dialysis
220. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of grepafloxacin
221. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of the new fluoroquinolone grepafloxacin
222. Pharmacokinetics of grepafloxacin after oral administration of single and repeat doses in healthy young males
223. Comparative study of pharmacokinetics of two new fluoroquinolones, balofloxacin and grepafloxacin, in elderly subjects
224. Grepafloxacin pharmacokinetics in individuals with hepatic dysfunction
225. Effect of food and gastric pH on the bioavailability of grepafloxacin
226. Pharmacokinetic profile of levofloxacin following once-daily 500-milligram oral or intravenous doses
227. Absence of age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of a single 500-milligram oral dose of levofloxacin in healthy subjects
228. The clinical pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin
229. Double-blind evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral once-daily 750-milligram and 1-gram doses of levofloxacin in healthy volunteers
230. Pharmacokinetics and elimination of moxifloxacin after oral and intravenous administration in man
231. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ascending single doses of moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy quinolone, administered to healthy subjects
232. Pharmacokinetics of a once-daily oral dose of moxifloxacin (Bay 12-8039), a new enantiomerically pure 8-methoxy quinolone
233. Pharmacokinetics and inflammatory-fluid penetration of moxifloxacin following oral or intravenous administration
234. No dose adjustment needed for patient's with renal impairment receiving oral BAY 12-8039
235. No dose adjustment is needed for moxifloxacin in subjects suffering from hepatic impairment
236. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of DU-6859a, a new fluoroquinolone, after single and multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers
237. Pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of sparfloxacin
238. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in humans after single oral administration at doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg
239. Clinical pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin
240. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients: A review
241. Sparfloxacin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: The influence of acidification and alkalinization
242. The absolute oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin in healthy male subjects
243. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin and interaction with cisapride and sucralfate
244. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in patients with renal impairment
245. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin and its influence on fecal flora
246. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in patients with hepatic failure
247. Hepatobiliary elimination of trovafloxacin and metabolites following single oral doses in healthy volunteers
248. Single- and multiple-dose administration, dosing regimens, and pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin and alatrofloxacin in humans
249. Oral bioavailability of trovafloxacin with and without food in healthy volunteers
250. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of trovafloxacin in healthy volunteers
251. Pharmacokinetics and safety of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), a new quinolone antibiotic, following administration of single oral doses to healthy male volunteers
252. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of single oral doses of trovafloxacin
253. Pharmacokinetics and penetration into inflammatory fluid of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219)
254. Pharmacokinetics and safety of trovafloxacin in healthy male volunteers following administration of single intravenous doses of the prodrug, alatrofloxacin
255. Steady state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy adult subjects
256. Concentration of levofloxacin (HR 355) in the respiratory tract following a single dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy
257. Effect of a high-fat meal on the bioavailability of gatifloxacin in healthy volunteers
258. A review of the penetration of sparfloxacin into the lower respiratory tract and sinuses
259. The concentrations of clinafloxacin in alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid, bronchial mucosa and serum after administration of single 200 mg oral doses to patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy
260. Gallbladder tissue concentrations, biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of OPC-17116
261. Penetration of OPC-17116, a new quinolone compound, into male genital tracts and its in vitro antibacterial activity
262. Penetration of OPC-17116, a new quinolone compound, into male genital tracts and its in vitro antibacterial activity
263. Concentrations of OPC-17116, a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial, in serum and lung compartments
264. Excretion of levofloxacin into bile and gallbladder tissue
265. Open-label crossover study to determine pharmacokinetics and penetration of two dose regimens of levofloxacin into inflammatory fluid
266. Penetration of moxifloxacin into peripheral compartments in humans
267. Concentrations of moxifloxacin in serum and pulmonary compartments following a single 400 mg oral dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy
268. Penetration of Bay 12-8039 into bronchial mucosa, epithelial lining
269. Penetration of trovafloxacin into cerebrospinal fluid in humans following intravenous infusion of alatrofloxacin
270. Penetration of trovafloxacin into prostatic tissue following multiple dosing in man
271. Concentrations of trovafloxacin in bronchial mucosa, epithelial lining fluid, alveolar macrophages and serum after administration of single or multiple oral doses to patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy
272. Trovafloxacin concentrations in airway fluids of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia
273. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Two new fluoroquinolones
274. Pharmacokinetics of a fluoronaphthyridone, trovafloxacin (CP 99,219), in infants and children following administration of a single intravenous dose of alatrofloxacin
275. A review of the clinical pharmacology of moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy quinolone and its potential relationship to therapeutic efficacy
276. The pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of gemifloxacin
277. Pharmacokinetics and penetration of gemifloxacin versus ofloxacin into prostate secretions and ejaculate after single oral dosing in volunteers
278. Distribution of gemifloxacin into saliva sweat tears and nasal secretions in healthy volunteers
279. Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of trovaftoxacin in patients with AIDS
280. Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
281. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: Rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men
282. New antibiotics in pulmonary and critical care medicine: Focus on advanced generation quinolones and cephalosporins
283. Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones
284. Kinetics of antimicrobial activity
285. Comparison of the fluoroquinolones based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters
286. Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones
287. Pharmacodynamic factors of antibiotic efficacy
288. The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome: Focus on antibacterial agents
289. Comparison of in-vitro pharmacodynamics of once and twice daily ciprofloxacin
290. Twenty-four hour area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio as a generic predictor of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial effect by using three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an in vitro pharmacodynamic model
291. Comparative study with enoxacin and netilimicin in a pharmacodynamic model to determine importance of ratio of antibiotic peak concentration to MIC for bacterial activity and emergence of resistance
292. Activity of moxifloxacin, administered once a day, against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection
293. Activities of trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model
294. An in-vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of levofloxacin against four strains of penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae
295. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: A new paradigm for early clinical trials
296. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients
297. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
298. Comparison of the abilities of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin to eradicate potential bacterial pathogens from the sputa of patients with chronic bronchitis: Influence of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables
299. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy
300. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new fluoroquinolones: Focus on respiratory infections
301. Pharmacodynamic comparisons of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro model of infection
302. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae
303. Pharmacodynamics of trovafloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin
304. Evaluation of the activity of the newer fluoroquinolones against ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)
305. Exploration of the in-vitro pharmacodynamic activity of moxifloxacin for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci of lancefield groups A and G
306. Comparative pharmacodynamics of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in an in vitro dynamic model: Prediction of equiefficient doses and the breakpoints of the area under the curve/MIC ratio
307. Prediction of the antimicrobial effects of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin on staphylococci using an in-vitro dynamic model
308. Post-antibiotic and post-antibiotic subMIC effect of gatifloxacin against gram-positive and -negative bacteria
309. Pharmacodynamic properties of BAY 12-8039 on gram-positive and gram-negative organisms as demonstrated by studies of time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect
310. Postantibiotic effect (PAE) of gemifloxacin (SB-265805) and ciprofloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
311. The post-antibiotic effect
312. Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) compared with five other quinolones against pneumococci
313. The post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect in vitro and in vivo
314. Comparisons of the post-antibiotic and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effects of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
315. Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations: A review of in-vitro and in-vivo data
316. Gatifloxacin vs cefuroxime axetil in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
317. Gatifloxacin treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: Clinical trial results
318. Gatifloxacin vs clarithromycin in the management of acute sinusitis
319. Treating acute, uncomplicated bacterial sinusitis with gatifloxacin
320. Gatifloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) in Mexico
321. Treating community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: Gatifloxacin vs ceftriaxone/clarithromycin
322. Treating community-acquired pneumonia with once-daily gatifloxacin vs twice-daily clarithromycin
323. Treating community-acquired pneumonia with once-daily gatifloxacin vs once-daily levofloxacin
324. Effective short-course therapy of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) with once daily gemifloxacin
325. Efficacy of 7 days of gemifloxacin in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS)
326. Efficacy of once daily gemifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
327. A comparative study on the efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftazidime in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis
328. Clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: The relationship with in-vitro activity
329. Safety and efficacy of oral levofloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
330. Multicenter, randomized study comparing efficacy and safety of oral levofloxacin and cefaclor in treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
331. Levofloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: Results of a randomized, double- blind study
332. A multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized comparison of oral levofloxacin and oral clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis
333. Efficacy and safety of oral levofloxacin compared with clarithromycin in the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults: A multicentre, double-blind, randomized study
334. Open-label assessment of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults
335. A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia
336. Short-course moxifloxacin therapy for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
337. Five day moxifloxacin therapy compared with 7 day clarithromycin therapy for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
338. The efficacy and tolerability of moxifloxacin compared to trovafloxacin in the treatment of acute sinusitis
339. Moxifloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute sinusitis
340. Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin vs clarithromycin for community-acquired pneumonia
341. Efficacy and safety of ten day moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia
342. Efficacy of once daily gemifloxacin (GEMI) for 5 days compared with twice daily clarithromycin for 7 days in the treatment of AECB
343. Gemifloxacin long-term outcomes in bronchitis exacerbations (GLOBE) study: An assessment of health outcome benefits in AECB patients following 5 days gemifloxacin therapy
344. Assessment of the effect of gemifloxacin on QTc interval of in healthy volunteers
345. Levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
346. Safety profile of clinafloxacin (CLX), a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic
347. Safety of gemifloxacin in adult patients with respiratory and urinary tract infections
348. Randomized, double-blind study of grepafloxacin versus amoxycillin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
349. Efficacy and safety of a 10-day course of 400 or 600 milligrams of grepafloxacin once daily for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: Comparison with a 10-day course of 500 milligrams of ciprofloxacin twice daily
350. Randomized, double-blind study of short-course (5 day) grepafloxacin versus 10 day clarithromycin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
351. Safety profile of grepafloxacin compared with other fluoroquinolones
352. Safety profile of sparfloxacin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections
353. Safety profile of sparfloxacin (SPAR) in North American Phase III clinical trials
354. Safety and tolerability of oral gatifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone: Overview of clinical data
355. Trovafloxacin versus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchitis
356. Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: Comparison of trovafloxacin and amoxicillin in a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy study
357. Safety of trovafloxacin in treatment of lower respiratory tract infections
358. Overview of electro-cardiographic and cardiovascular safety data for sparfloxacin
359. Torsades de pointe probably related to sparfloxacin
360. Trovafloxacin-induced acute hepatitis
361. Trovafloxacin neurotoxicity
362. Ciprofloxacin-induced cutaneous vasculitis
363. A comparison of the photosensitizing potential of trovafloxacin with that of other quinolones in healthy subjects
364. Photosensitivity associated with antibacterial agents
365. Phototoxicity in quinolones: Comparison of ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin
366. Photostability and biological activity of fluoroquinolones substituted at the 8 position after UV irradiation
367. Phototoxicity and photochemical generation of reactive oxygen by new quinolones
368. A double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled, randomized study to investigate the phototoxic potential of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic
369. Fluoroquinolone phototoxicity: A comparison of moxifloxacin and lomefloxacin in normal volunteers
370. Evaluation of phototoxic potential of gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers compared with ciprofloxacin
371. Quinolone-induced QT interval prolongation: A not-so-unexptected class effect
372. Drugs causing prolongation of the QT interval and torsades de pointes
373. QTC interval prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in association with levofloxacin
374. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of gemifloxacin following oral doses to healthy volunteers
375. Quinolones in children: Are concerns over arthropathy justified?
376. Role of the new quinolones in pediatric practice
377. Safety and efficacy of ciprofloxacin in paediatric patients: Review
378. Fluoroquiniolone-induced tendinopathy
379. Growth and development in preterm infants receiving fluoroquinolones
380. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to fluoroquinolones: A multicenter prospective controlled study
381. Effects of antacid on absorption and excretion of new quinolones
382. Ciprofloxacin-warfarin coagulopathy: A case series
383. Quinolone antimicrobial agents and theophylline
384. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of gatifloxacin in combination with ferrous sulphate or calcium carbonate in healthy volunteers
385. Effect of AM-1155 on the serum concentration of trovafloxacin
386. Effect of Maalox on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers
387. Lack of effect of gemifloxacin on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy volunteers
388. Lack of effect of gemifloxacin on the steady-state pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy volunteers
389. Effects of antacids, ferrous sulphate, and ranitidine on absorption of DR-3355 in humans
390. Absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between intravenous theophylline and orally administered levofloxacin
391. Absence of an effect of levofloxacin on warfarin pharmacokinetics and anticoagulation in male volunteers
392. Levofloxacin does not alter cyclosporine disposition
393. The effects of cimetidine and probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin (LVFX)
394. Study to evaluate the interaction between oral moxifloxacin and sucralfate in healthy volunteers
395. Study to evaluate the interaction between Bay 12-8039 (BA) and antacids (AN)
396. Bay 12-8039 (BA) does not interact with theophylline (TH)
397. Influence of a four-time dosing of 500 mg probenecid on kinetics of BAY 12-8039 after administration of a single 400 mg dose in healthy male volunteers
398. Study to investigate the influence of 400 mg BAY 12-8039 (M) given once daily to healthy volunteers on PK and PD of warfarin (W)
399. Effects of DU-6859a, a new quinolone antimicrobial, on theophylline metabolism in in vitro and in vivo studies
400. Fluoroquinolones: Interaction profile during enteral absorption
401. Mechanistic study of inhibition of levofloxacin absorption by aluminum hydroxide
402. Effect of food and sucralfate on a single oral dose of 500 milligrams of levofloxacin in healthy subjects
403. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between gemifloxacin and digoxin in healthy elderly volunteers
404. No drug-drug interaction between moxifloxacin and B-acetyldigoxin
405. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of concomitantly adminstered gatifloxacin and digoxin
406. Optimizing economic outcomes in antibiotic therapy of patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
407. The cost of treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia
408. The cost of treating community-acquired pneumonia
409. Abbreviated length of stay in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with gatifloxacin
410. A 1-year community-based health economic study of ciprofloxacin vs usual antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
411. Economic evaluation for the community-acquired pneumonia intervention trial assessing Levaquin study
412. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: An evidence-based update by the Canadian infectious diseases society and the Canadian thoracic society