메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 18-25

Hypertonic saline: intraosseous infusion causes myonecrosis in a dehydrated swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock

Author keywords

Dehydration; Hemorrhagic shock; Hypertonic saline; Iliac injury; Intraosseous infusion; Myonecrosis; Resuscitation; Swine; Tissue necrosis; Uncontrolled hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

ISOFLURANE; LACTIC ACID; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

EID: 0036151450     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200201000-00006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 85026165321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bellamy RF. Trauma epidemiology of combat casualties. Paper presented at: Institute of Medicine Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat Casualties; September 17, 1998; Washington DC.
    • Bellamy RF. Trauma epidemiology of combat casualties. Paper presented at: Institute of Medicine Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat Casualties; September 17, 1998; Washington DC.
  • 2
    • 0021378321 scopus 로고
    • The cause of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research
    • Bellamy RF. The cause of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. Mil Med. 1984; 149: 55-62.
    • (1984) Mil Med , vol.149 , pp. 55
    • Bellamy, R.F.1
  • 3
    • 0023463604 scopus 로고
    • How shall we train for combat casualty care?
    • Bellamy RF. How shall we train for combat casualty care? Mil Med. 1987; 152: 617-621.
    • (1987) Mil Med , vol.152 , pp. 617
    • Bellamy, R.F.1
  • 4
    • 85026169195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bellamy RF. Combat trauma overview. In: Zajtchuck R, Grande CM, eds. Textbook of Military Medicine, Vol. 4: Anesthesia and Perioperative Care of Combat Casualty. Washington, DC: TMM Publication; 1995:1-42.
    • Bellamy RF. Combat trauma overview. In: Zajtchuck R, Grande CM, eds. Textbook of Military Medicine, Vol. 4: Anesthesia and Perioperative Care of Combat Casualty. Washington, DC: TMM Publication; 1995:1-42.
  • 5
    • 85026167731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat Casualties. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries—Report of the Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999: 1-7.
    • Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat Casualties. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries—Report of the Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999: 1-7.
  • 6
    • 0018939231 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory hypovolemic shock by 7.5% sodium chloride injections
    • DeFelippe J, Timoner IJ, Velasco IT, et al. Treatment of refractory hypovolemic shock by 7.5% sodium chloride injections. Lancet. 1980; 2: 1002-1004.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1002
    • DeFelippe, J.1    Timoner, I.J.2    Velasco, I.T.3
  • 7
    • 0022527151 scopus 로고
    • Small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline dextran solution
    • Kramer GC, Perron PR, Lindsey DC, et al. Small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline dextran solution. Surgery. 1986; 100: 239-246.
    • (1986) Surgery , vol.100 , pp. 239
    • Kramer, G.C.1    Perron, P.R.2    Lindsey, D.C.3
  • 8
    • 0022412084 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of several hypertonic solutions for resuscitation of bled sheep
    • Smith GJ, Kramer GC, Perron P, et al. A comparison of several hypertonic solutions for resuscitation of bled sheep. J Surg Res. 1985; 39: 517-528.
    • (1985) J Surg Res , vol.39 , pp. 517
    • Smith, G.J.1    Kramer, G.C.2    Perron, P.3
  • 9
    • 0027235673 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation of hypovolemia in pigs using near saturated sodium chloride solution in dextran
    • Pascual JMS, Runyon DE, Watson JC, et al. Resuscitation of hypovolemia in pigs using near saturated sodium chloride solution in dextran. Circ Shock. 1993; 40: 115-124.
    • (1993) Circ Shock , vol.40 , pp. 115
    • Pascual, J.M.S.1    Runyon, D.E.2    Watson, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 0024596872 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline-dextran solutions for prehospital management of traumatic hypotension
    • Maningas PA, Mattox KL, Pepe PE, et al. Hypertonic saline-dextran solutions for prehospital management of traumatic hypotension. Am J Surg. 1989; 157: 528-533.
    • (1989) Am J Surg , vol.157 , pp. 528
    • Maningas, P.A.1    Mattox, K.L.2    Pepe, P.E.3
  • 12
    • 0025910829 scopus 로고
    • Prehospital hypertonic saline/dextran infusion for posttraumatic hypotension: the U.S.A. Multicenter Trial
    • Mattox KL, Maningas PA, Moore EE, et al. Prehospital hypertonic saline/dextran infusion for posttraumatic hypotension: the U.S.A. Multicenter Trial. Ann Surg. 1991; 213: 482-491.
    • (1991) Ann Surg , vol.213 , pp. 482
    • Mattox, K.L.1    Maningas, P.A.2    Moore, E.E.3
  • 13
    • 0026769479 scopus 로고
    • Hyhpertonic solutions in the treatment of hypovolumic shock: a prospective randomized study in patients admitted to the emergency room
    • Younes RN, Aun F, Accioly CQ, et al. Hyhpertonic solutions in the treatment of hypovolumic shock: a prospective randomized study in patients admitted to the emergency room. Surgery. 1992; 111: 380-385.
    • (1992) Surgery , vol.111 , pp. 380
    • Younes, R.N.1    Aun, F.2    Accioly, C.Q.3
  • 14
    • 0025084290 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of potential risks in associated with 7.5% sodium chloride resuscitation of traumatic shock
    • Vassar M, Perry C, Holcroft J. Analysis of potential risks in associated with 7.5% sodium chloride resuscitation of traumatic shock. Arch Surg. 1990; 125: 1309-1315.
    • (1990) Arch Surg , vol.125 , pp. 1309
    • Vassar, M.1    Perry, C.2    Holcroft, J.3
  • 15
    • 0026055960 scopus 로고
    • 7.5% sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport
    • Vassar JJ, Perry CA, Gunnaway WL, Holcroft JW. 7.5% sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport. Arch Surg. 1991; 126: 1065-1072.
    • (1991) Arch Surg , vol.126 , pp. 1065
    • Vassar, J.J.1    Perry, C.A.2    Gunnaway, W.L.3    Holcroft, J.W.4
  • 16
    • 0031065316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors to predict outcome following the administration of hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution in hypovolumic patients
    • Younes RN, Aun F, Ching CT, et al. Prognostic factors to predict outcome following the administration of hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution in hypovolumic patients. Shock. 1997; 7: 79-83.
    • (1997) Shock , vol.7 , pp. 79
    • Younes, R.N.1    Aun, F.2    Ching, C.T.3
  • 17
    • 0027300796 scopus 로고
    • Prehospital resuscitation of hypotensive trauma patients with 7.5% NaCl with added dextran: a controlled trial
    • Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Holcroft JW. Prehospital resuscitation of hypotensive trauma patients with 7.5% NaCl with added dextran: a controlled trial. J Trauma. 1993; 34: 622-633.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 622
    • Vassar, M.J.1    Perry, C.A.2    Holcroft, J.W.3
  • 18
    • 0027217885 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial for resuscitation of injured patients with 7.5% NaCl: the effect of added dextran
    • Vassar MJ, Fischer RP, O’Brien PE, et al. A multicenter trial for resuscitation of injured patients with 7.5% NaCl: the effect of added dextran. Arch Surg. 1993; 128: 1003-1013.
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , pp. 1003
    • Vassar, M.J.1    Fischer, R.P.2    O’Brien, P.E.3
  • 19
    • 0030964714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of hypertonic 7.5% saline and 6% dextran-70 in treating trauma: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies
    • Wade CE, Kramer GC, Grady JJ, et al. Efficacy of hypertonic 7.5% saline and 6% dextran-70 in treating trauma: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies. Surgery. 1997; 122: 609-616.
    • (1997) Surgery , vol.122 , pp. 609
    • Wade, C.E.1    Kramer, G.C.2    Grady, J.J.3
  • 20
    • 0031253697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline resuscitation: a tool to modulate immune function in trauma patients
    • Junger WG, Coimbra R, Liu FC, et al. Hypertonic saline resuscitation: a tool to modulate immune function in trauma patients. Shock. 1997; 8: 235-241.
    • (1997) Shock , vol.8 , pp. 235
    • Junger, W.G.1    Coimbra, R.2    Liu, F.C.3
  • 21
    • 0033953530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human neutrophil activation and increased adhesion by various resuscitation fluids
    • Rhee P, Wang D, Ruff P, et al. Human neutrophil activation and increased adhesion by various resuscitation fluids. Crit Care Med. 2000; 28: 74-78.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 74
    • Rhee, P.1    Wang, D.2    Ruff, P.3
  • 22
    • 0030630225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline dextran and intraosseous vascular access for the treatment of haemorrhagic hypotension in the far-forward combat arena
    • Dubick MA, Kramer GC. Hypertonic saline dextran and intraosseous vascular access for the treatment of haemorrhagic hypotension in the far-forward combat arena. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1997; 26: 64-69.
    • (1997) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.26 , pp. 64
    • Dubick, M.A.1    Kramer, G.C.2
  • 23
    • 0028100188 scopus 로고
    • Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries
    • Bickell WH, Wall MJ, Pepe PE, et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331: 1105-1109.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1105
    • Bickell, W.H.1    Wall, M.J.2    Pepe, P.E.3
  • 24
    • 0027467987 scopus 로고
    • Effect of blood pressure on hemorrhage volume and survival in a near-fatal hemorrhage model incorporating a vascular injury
    • Stern SA, Dronen SC, Birrer P, et al. Effect of blood pressure on hemorrhage volume and survival in a near-fatal hemorrhage model incorporating a vascular injury. Ann Emerg Med. 1993; 22: 155-163.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 155
    • Stern, S.A.1    Dronen, S.C.2    Birrer, P.3
  • 25
    • 0029972494 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isotonic saline solution resuscitation on blood coagulation in uncontrolled hemorrhage
    • Selby JB, Mathis JE, Berry CF, et al. Effects of isotonic saline solution resuscitation on blood coagulation in uncontrolled hemorrhage. Surgery. 1966; 119: 528-533.
    • (1966) Surgery , vol.119 , pp. 528
    • Selby, J.B.1    Mathis, J.E.2    Berry, C.F.3
  • 26
    • 0027385004 scopus 로고
    • Damage control”: an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal trauma
    • Rotondo MF, Schwab CW, McGonigal MD, et al. “Damage control”: an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal trauma. J Trauma. 1993; 35: 375-383.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.35 , pp. 375
    • Rotondo, M.F.1    Schwab, C.W.2    McGonigal, M.D.3
  • 27
    • 0027315171 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intraosseous, central, and peripheral routes of crystalloid infusion for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in swine a model
    • Neufeld JDG, Marx JA, Moore EE, Light AI. Comparison of intraosseous, central, and peripheral routes of crystalloid infusion for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in swine a model. J Trauma. 1993; 34: 422-428.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 422
    • Neufeld, J.D.G.1    Marx, J.A.2    Moore, E.E.3    Light, A.I.4
  • 28
    • 0027270255 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation of pigs with haemorrhagic shock by an intraosseous hyperosmotic solution and transfusion of autologous blood
    • Ronning G, Busund R, Revhaug A. Resuscitation of pigs with haemorrhagic shock by an intraosseous hyperosmotic solution and transfusion of autologous blood. Eur J Surg. 1993; 159: 133-139.
    • (1993) Eur J Surg , vol.159 , pp. 133
    • Ronning, G.1    Busund, R.2    Revhaug, A.3
  • 29
    • 0029952394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraosseous resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in a pediatric animal model using a low sodium hypertonic fluid
    • Sheikh AA, Eaker JA, Chin CC, et al. Intraosseous resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in a pediatric animal model using a low sodium hypertonic fluid. Crit Care Med. 1996; 24: 1054-1061.
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 1054
    • Sheikh, A.A.1    Eaker, J.A.2    Chin, C.C.3
  • 30
    • 0029131363 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hemorrhagic shock and intraosseous resuscitation on plasma and urine catecholamine concentration and urinary clearance in pigs
    • Ronning G, Busund R, Revhaug A, Sager G. Effect of hemorrhagic shock and intraosseous resuscitation on plasma and urine catecholamine concentration and urinary clearance in pigs. Eur J Surg. 1995; 61: 387-394.
    • (1995) Eur J Surg , vol.61 , pp. 387
    • Ronning, G.1    Busund, R.2    Revhaug, A.3    Sager, G.4
  • 31
    • 0026479816 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of dogs in hemorrhagic shock by intraosseous infusion of hypertonic saline and dextran
    • Okrasinski EB, Krahwinkel DJ, Sanders WL. Treatment of dogs in hemorrhagic shock by intraosseous infusion of hypertonic saline and dextran. Vet Surg. 1992; 21: 20-24.
    • (1992) Vet Surg , vol.21 , pp. 20
    • Okrasinski, E.B.1    Krahwinkel, D.J.2    Sanders, W.L.3
  • 32
    • 0001552193 scopus 로고
    • Infusion of blood and other fluids into the general circulation via the bone marrow
    • Tocantis LM, O’Neil JF. Infusion of blood and other fluids into the general circulation via the bone marrow. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1941; 73: 281-287.
    • (1941) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.73 , pp. 281
    • Tocantis, L.M.1    O’Neil, J.F.2
  • 33
    • 0000537344 scopus 로고
    • Infusion of blood and other fluids via the bone marrow in traumatic shock and other forms of peripheral circulatory failure
    • Tocantis LM, O’Neil JF, Price AH. Infusion of blood and other fluids via the bone marrow in traumatic shock and other forms of peripheral circulatory failure. Ann Surg. 1941; 114: 1085-1092.
    • (1941) Ann Surg , vol.114 , pp. 1085
    • Tocantis, L.M.1    O’Neil, J.F.2    Price, A.H.3
  • 34
    • 2042510928 scopus 로고
    • A new and simple instrument for the administration of fluids through bone marrow
    • Turkel H, Bethell FH. A new and simple instrument for the administration of fluids through bone marrow. War Med. 1944; 5: 222-225.
    • (1944) War Med , vol.5 , pp. 222
    • Turkel, H.1    Bethell, F.H.2
  • 36
    • 0031043152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow infusion in adults
    • Waisman M, Waisman D. Bone marrow infusion in adults. J Trauma. 1997; 42: 288-293.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , pp. 288
    • Waisman, M.1    Waisman, D.2
  • 37
    • 0008117736 scopus 로고
    • High pressure delivery of resuscitation fluid through bone marrow [abstract]
    • Watson WC, Ryan DM, Dubick MA, et al. High pressure delivery of resuscitation fluid through bone marrow [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 1995; 2: 402.
    • (1995) Acad Emerg Med , vol.2 , pp. 402
    • Watson, W.C.1    Ryan, D.M.2    Dubick, M.A.3
  • 38
    • 0008118437 scopus 로고
    • Pressure flow relationships of intraosseous infusions [abstract]
    • Perron PR, Gunther RA, Kramer GC. Pressure flow relationships of intraosseous infusions [abstract]. Circ Shock. 1988; 24: 282.
    • (1988) Circ Shock , vol.24 , pp. 282
    • Perron, P.R.1    Gunther, R.A.2    Kramer, G.C.3
  • 39
    • 0025310738 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an intraosseous infusion device for resuscitation of hypovolumic shock
    • Halvorsen L, Bay BK, Perron PR, et al. Evaluation of an intraosseous infusion device for resuscitation of hypovolumic shock. J Trauma. 1990; 30: 652-658.
    • (1990) J Trauma , vol.30 , pp. 652
    • Halvorsen, L.1    Bay, B.K.2    Perron, P.R.3
  • 40
    • 0026597909 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intraosseous and intravenous delivery of hypertonic saline/dextran in anesthetized, euvolemic pigs
    • Dubick MA, Pfeiffer JW, Clifford CB, et al. Comparison of intraosseous and intravenous delivery of hypertonic saline/dextran in anesthetized, euvolemic pigs. Ann Emerg Med. 1992; 21: 498-503.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 498
    • Dubick, M.A.1    Pfeiffer, J.W.2    Clifford, C.B.3
  • 41
    • 0029824721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of bone developmental and histologic changes from intraosseous infusion
    • Brickman KR, Rega P, Schoolfield L, et al. Investigation of bone developmental and histologic changes from intraosseous infusion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 28: 430-435.
    • (1996) Ann Emerg Med , vol.28 , pp. 430
    • Brickman, K.R.1    Rega, P.2    Schoolfield, L.3
  • 42
    • 0023860178 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of growth plate abnormalities following intraosseous infusion through the proximal tibial epiphysis in pigs
    • Brickman KR, Rega P, Koltz M, et al. Analysis of growth plate abnormalities following intraosseous infusion through the proximal tibial epiphysis in pigs. Ann Emerg Med. 1988; 17: 121-123.
    • (1988) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 121
    • Brickman, K.R.1    Rega, P.2    Koltz, M.3
  • 43
    • 0022180944 scopus 로고
    • An alternative route of pediatric intravascular access
    • Rosetti VA, Thompson BM, Miller J, et al. An alternative route of pediatric intravascular access. Ann Emerg Med. 11985;4:885-888.
    • (1985) Ann Emerg Med , vol.4 , pp. 885-888
    • Rosetti, V.A.1    Thompson, B.M.2    Miller, J.3
  • 44
    • 0026251779 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral lower extremity compartment syndromes secondary to intraosseous fluid resuscitation
    • Galpin RD, Kronick JB, Willis RB, Frewen TC. Bilateral lower extremity compartment syndromes secondary to intraosseous fluid resuscitation. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991; 11: 773-776.
    • (1991) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.11 , pp. 773
    • Galpin, R.D.1    Kronick, J.B.2    Willis, R.B.3    Frewen, T.C.4
  • 45
    • 0023876317 scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome in an infant following emergency intraosseous infusion
    • Rimar S, Westry J, Rodriquez R. Compartment syndrome in an infant following emergency intraosseous infusion. Clin Pediatr. 1988; 27: 259-260.
    • (1988) Clin Pediatr , vol.27 , pp. 259
    • Rimar, S.1    Westry, J.2    Rodriquez, R.3
  • 46
    • 0027310253 scopus 로고
    • Intraosseous infusion in infants: case report of a complication
    • Burke T, Kehl DK. Intraosseous infusion in infants: case report of a complication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993; 75: 428-429.
    • (1993) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.75 , pp. 428
    • Burke, T.1    Kehl, D.K.2
  • 47
    • 0028361336 scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome secondary to prolonged intraosseous infusion
    • Wright R, Reynolds S, Nachtsheim B. Compartment syndrome secondary to prolonged intraosseous infusion. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1994; 10: 157-159.
    • (1994) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.10 , pp. 157
    • Wright, R.1    Reynolds, S.2    Nachtsheim, B.3
  • 49
    • 0027222578 scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome following intraosseous infusion
    • Vidal R, Kissoon N, Gayle M. Compartment syndrome following intraosseous infusion. Pediatrics. 1993; 91: 1201-1202.
    • (1993) Pediatrics , vol.91 , pp. 1201
    • Vidal, R.1    Kissoon, N.2    Gayle, M.3
  • 50
    • 0025184355 scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome with resultant amputation following intraosseous infusion
    • Moscati R, Moore GP. Compartment syndrome with resultant amputation following intraosseous infusion. Am J Emerg Med. 1990; 8: 470-471.
    • (1990) Am J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 470
    • Moscati, R.1    Moore, G.P.2
  • 51
    • 0027155637 scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome of the lower extremity after intraosseous infusion of fluid
    • Ribeiro JA, Price CT, Knapp DR. Compartment syndrome of the lower extremity after intraosseous infusion of fluid. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993; 75: 430-433.
    • (1993) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.75 , pp. 430
    • Ribeiro, J.A.1    Price, C.T.2    Knapp, D.R.3
  • 52
    • 0029623019 scopus 로고
    • Extravasation rates and complications of intraosseous needles during gravity and pressure infusion
    • LaSpada J, Kissoon N, Melker R, et al. Extravasation rates and complications of intraosseous needles during gravity and pressure infusion. Crit Care Med. 1995; 23: 2023-2028.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 2023
    • LaSpada, J.1    Kissoon, N.2    Melker, R.3
  • 53
    • 0029824956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome after intraosseous infusion: an experimental study in dogs
    • Günal I, Köse N, Gürer D. Compartment syndrome after intraosseous infusion: an experimental study in dogs. J Pediatr Surg. 1996; 31: 1491-1493.
    • (1996) J Pediatr Surg , vol.31 , pp. 1491
    • Günal, I.1    Köse, N.2    Gürer, D.3
  • 54
    • 0029180676 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran-70 resuscitation of hemorrhage between euhydrated and dehydrated sheep
    • Sondeen JL, Gunther RA, Dubick MA. Comparison of 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran-70 resuscitation of hemorrhage between euhydrated and dehydrated sheep. Shock. 1995; 3: 63-68.
    • (1995) Shock , vol.3 , pp. 63
    • Sondeen, J.L.1    Gunther, R.A.2    Dubick, M.A.3
  • 55
    • 0028672943 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline/dextran versus lactated Ringer’s treatment for hemorrhage in dehydrated swine
    • McKirnan MD, William RL, Limjoco U, et al. Hypertonic saline/dextran versus lactated Ringer’s treatment for hemorrhage in dehydrated swine. Circ Shock. 1994; 44: 238-246.
    • (1994) Circ Shock , vol.44 , pp. 238
    • McKirnan, M.D.1    William, R.L.2    Limjoco, U.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.