Transcranial magnetic stimulation and Parkinson's disease

Brain Research Reviews

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 309-327

  Cantello, Roberto ^a,b   Tarletti, Roberto ^a   Civardi, Carlo ^a  

^a Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità   (Italy)

^b MAGGIORE DELLA CARITÀ HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Motor cortex; Parkinson's disease; Pathophysiology; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Treatment

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; APOMORPHINE; BROMOCRIPTINE; HALOPERIDOL; LEVODOPA; PERGOLIDE; SELEGILINE; SULPIRIDE;

BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CONDITIONING; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EVALUATION; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FACILITATION; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; INTERNEURON; LATENT PERIOD; MOTONEURON; MOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE TWITCH; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL TRACT; REACTION TIME; REVIEW; SAFETY; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; TREMOR; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT;

ANIMALS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; HUMANS; MOTOR CORTEX; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 0036122771     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00158-8     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Assessment of motor neuron excitability in parkinsonian rigidity by the F wave
2. Sensory and motor evoked potentials in multiple system atrophy: A comparative study with Parkinson's disease
3. Neurophysiological effects of stimulation through electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus
4. Abnormal EPSPs evoked by magnetic brain stimulation in hand muscle motoneurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
5. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex
6. Cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease. A study with paired magnetic stimulation
7. Effects of repetitive cortical stimulation on the silent period evoked by magnetic stimulation
8. Reaction times and attention in Parkinson's disease
9. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to SMA worsens complex movements in Parkinson's disease
10. Modulation of postural wrist tremors by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor and in normal subjects mimicking tremor
11. Sensorimotor disinhibition in Parkinson's disease: Effects of levodopa
12. Parkinson's disease rigidity: Magnetic motor evoked potentials in a small hand muscle
13. Magnetic brain stimulation: The silent period after the motor evoked potential
14. Parkinson's disease rigidity: EMG in a small hand muscle at 'rest'
15. Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease rigidity. Role of corticospinal motor projections
16. Cortical excitability in cryptogenic localization-related epilepsy: Interictal transcranial magnetic stimulation studies
17. Neurophysiological evaluation of the central nervous impulse propagation in patients with sensorimotor disturbances
18. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
19. Time course of corticospinal excitability in reaction time and self-paced movements
20. Effects of internal globus pallidus stimulation on motor cortex excitability
21. Impairment of motor cortex activation and deactivation in Parkinson's disease
22. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to test connections to primary motor areas from frontal and medial cortex in humans
23. Corticospinal conduction studied with magnetic double stimulation in the intact human
24. Apomorphine can increase cutaneous inhibition of motor activity in Parkinson's disease
25. Effects of magnetic stimulation over supplementary motor area on movement in Parkinson's disease
26. Effects of antipsychotic medication on electromyographic responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in schizophrenia
27. Motor cortex stimulation in intact man. II. Multiple descending volleys
28. Electric and magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex: Surface EMG and single motor unit responses
29. Conditioning transcranial cortical stimulation (TCCS) by exteroceptive stimulation in parkinsonian patients
30. Projections from basal ganglia to tegmentum: A subcortical route for explaining the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease signs?
31. Comparison of descending volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in conscious humans
32. The corticomotoneurone connection is normal in Parkinson disease
33. Study of central motor functions using magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
34. Modifications of precentral cortex discharge and EMG activity in monkeys with MPTP-induced lesions of DA nigral neurons
35. Age-dependent decline in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude: With a comment on changes in Parkinson's disease
36. The relation between bradykinesia and excitability of the motor cortex assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal and parkinsonian subjects
37. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not replicate the Wada test
38. Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex
39. Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation
40. Knowledge of motor commands and the recruitment of human motoneurons
41. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease
42. Simultaneous repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not speed fine movement in PD
43. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease
44. The anatomy of dopamine in monkey and human prefrontal cortex
45. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain
46. Ipsilateral cortico-cortical inhibition of the motor cortex in various neurological disorders
47. Silent period revives as a valuable diagnostic tool with transcranial magnetic stimulation
48. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain
49. Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality
50. Limb contractures in levodopa-responsive parkinsonism: A clinical and investigational study of seven new cases
51. Pulsed magnetic stimulation and F waves in Parkinson's disease
52. Reciprocal facilitation of motor evoked potentials immediately before voluntary movements in Parkinson's disease
53. Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction
54. Effects of diazepam, baclofen and thiopental on the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans
55. Abnormalities of central motor conduction in Parkinson's disease
56. Impaired motor cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease: Motor unit responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation
57. Nature of a cortical inhibitory process
58. Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex
59. Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with implanted deep brain stimulators
60. A comparative electromyographic study of the reactions to passive movement in parkinsonism and in normal subjects
61. Assessment of Parkinson's disease
62. Therapeutic and 'dose dependent' effect of repetitive microelectroshock induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
63. Improvement in Parkinsonian symptoms after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
64. Increased cortical inhibition induced by apomorphine in patients with Parkinson's disease
65. Abnormalities of motor cortical excitability are not correlated with clinical features in atypical parkinsonism
66. The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: The Robert Wartenberg Lecture
67. Postexcitatory inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with drug-induced parkinsonism and in healthy individuals
68. Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject
69. The basal ganglia: Focused selection and inhibition of competing activity
70. Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans
71. Shortened silent period produced by magnetic cortical stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease
72. Pathophysiology of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease
73. Effect of focal transcranial magnetic stimulation on simple reaction time to visual, acoustic and somatosensory stimuli
74. Resetting of essential tremor and postural tremor in Parkinson's disease with transcranial magnetic stimulation
75. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. I. Shortening of simple reaction time with focal, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
76. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. II. Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation
77. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression
78. Effects of stimulation of the globus pallidus internus on motor excitability in Parkinson's disease
79. Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism
80. Results of spinal pyramidotomy in the treatment of the parkinsonian syndrome
81. Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease
82. On the origin of the postexcitatory inhibition seen after transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in awake human subjects
83. Pre-movement facilitation of motor-evoked potentials in man during transcranial stimulation of the central motor pathways
84. Brain excitability and long latency muscular arm responses: Non-invasive evaluation in healthy and parkinsonian subjects
85. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee
86. Magnetic stimulation: Motor evoked potentials
87. Cortical motor reorganization in akinetic patients with Parkinson's disease: A functional MRI study
88. Interactions of two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex
89. L-Dopa effects on H-reflex recovery in Parkinson's disease
90. A projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinsons's disease
91. Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
92. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia
93. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a beneficial effect on bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease
94. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in writer'cramp
95. Simultaneous repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not speed fine movement in PD
96. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation causes a short-term increase in the duration of the cortical silent period in patients with Parkinson's disease
97. Short-term motor improvement after sub-threshold 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor hand area in Parkinson's disease
98. Effects of chronic levodopa and pergolide treatment on cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
99. Altered motor cortical excitability to magnetic stimulation in a patient with a lesion in globus pallidus
100. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves intractable epilepsy
101. Lack of clinical improvement in patients with Parkinson's disease after low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
102. Facilitation of magnetic motor evoked potentials during the cortical stimulation silent period
103. Modulation of motor cortical excitability by electrical stimulation over the cerebellum in man
104. Motor potentials evoked by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in normal subjects and patients with motor disorders
105. Human motor evoked responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimulation
106. Abnormal facilitation of the response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease
107. Pattern of motor evoked response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
108. Motor evoked responses to paired cortical magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
109. Alterations of motor evoked potentials by thalamotomy
110. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996
111. Simultaneous repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not speed fine movement in PD. In reply (letter)
112. Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A review
113. Differential effects on motor cortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in man
114. Increased corticomotoneuronal excitability after peripheral nerve stimulation in dopa-nonresponsive hemiparkinsonism
115. Stereotactic pallidotomy lengthens the transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation silent period in Parkinson's disease
116. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
117. Enhancement of human motor cortex inhibition by the dopamine receptor antagonist pergolide: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation
118. Impaired motor cortex inhibition in patients with Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
119. Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex
120. Changes in human motor cortex excitability induced by dopaminergic and antidopaminergic drugs
121. Impaired motor cortex inhibition in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Evidence from paired transcranial magnetic stimulation