The vestibulo-ocular reflex in three dimensions

Experimental Brain Research

Volumn 145, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-27

  Raphan, Theodore ^a,b   Cohen, Bernard ^b  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Angular vestibulo ocular reflex; Gravitoinertial acceleration; Gravity; Linear vestibulo ocular reflex; Otoliths; Pulleys; Semicircular canals; Velocity storage

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; EYE MOVEMENT; GRAVITY; HEAD MOVEMENT; HEAD TILTING; HUMAN; KINEMATICS; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM; ORIENTATION; OTOLITH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEMICIRCULAR CANAL; SIMULATION; VELOCITY; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM; VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX;

NON-PROGRAMMATIC;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BRAIN; EYE MOVEMENTS; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; NEURAL PATHWAYS; ORIENTATION; REFLEX, VESTIBULO-OCULAR; VESTIBULE;

EID: 0036083321     PISSN: 00144819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1067-z     Document Type: Review

References (255)

1. The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex during linear acceleration in the frontal plane of the cat
2. Inertial representation of angular motion in the vestibular system of rhesus monkeys. I. Vestibulo-ocular reflex
3. Inertial representation of angular motion in the vestibular system of rhesus monkeys. II. Otolith-controlled transformation that depends on an intact cerebellar nodulus
4. Adaptation of primate vestibular reflex to altered peripheral vestibular inputs. I. Frequency specific recovery of horizontal VOR after inactivation of the lateral semicircular canals
5. Adaptation of primate vestibular reflex to altered peripheral vestibular inputs. II. Spatiotemporal properties of the adapted slow-phase eye velocity
6. Three-dimensional organization of otolith-ocular reflexes in rhesus monkeys. I. Linear acceleration responses during off-vertical axis rotation
7. Computation of inertial motion: Neural strategies to resolve ambiguous otolith information
8. Low frequency otolith and semicircular canal interactions after canal inactivation
9. Vestibular discrimination of gravity and translational acceleration
10. Spatial orientation of caloric nystagmus
11. MIT/Canadian vestibular experiment on the Spacelab-1 mission. 6. Vestibular reaction to lateral acceleration following 10 days of weightlessness
12. Excitation of the extraocular muscles in decerebrate cats during the vestibulo-ocular reflex in three-dimensional space
13. Oculomotor reflexes after semicircular canal-plugging in cats
14. Spatial and temporal response properties of secondary neurons that receive convergent input in vestibular nuclei of alert cats
15. Dependence of cat vestibulo-ocular reflex direction adaptation on animal orientation during adaptation and rotation in darkness
16. Representation of a postural coordinate system in the nodulus of the rabbit cerebellum by vestibular climbing fiber signals
17. Secondary vestibular cholinergic projection to the cerebellum of rabbit and rat as revealed by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, retrograde and orthograde tracers
18. Vestibular primary afferent projections to the cerebellum of the rabbit
19. Contribution à la connaissance des réflexes tonique des muscles de l'oeil
20. Interaction of linear and angular accelerations on vestibular receptors in man
21. Brainstem commissure and control of time constant of vestibular nystagmus
22. Planar relationships of semicircular canals in the cat
23. Planar relationships of the semicircular canals in man
24. Physiologic characteristics of vestibular 1st-order canal neurons in the cat. II. Response to constant angular acceleration
25. Planar relationships of semicircular canals in rhesus and squirrel monkeys
26. Planar relationships of the semicircular canals in rhesus and squirrel monkeys
27. Stepping around: Nystagmus, self-motion perception and Coriolis effects
28. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes after selective plugging of the semicircular canals in the monkey-response plane determinations
29. Uber die funktion de bogengange des ohrlabyrinths
30. Short latency compensatory eye movement responses to transient linear head acceleration: A specific function of the otolith-ocular reflex
31. Compensatory eye movements in the presence of conflicting canal and otolith signals
32. Ocular responses to translation and their dependence on viewing distance. II. Motion of scene
33. Human ocular responses to translation of the observer and of the scene: Dependence on viewing distance
34. Short-latency compensatory eye movements associated with a brief period of free fall
35. Viewing distance related sensory processing in the ascending tract of Deiters' vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway
36. Effects of viewing distance on the responses of horizontal canal-related secondary vestibular neurons during angular head rotation
37. Effects of viewing distance on the responses of vestibular neurons to combined angular and linear vestibular stimulation
38. Contributions of regularly and irregularly discharging vestibular-nerve inputs to the discharge of central vestibular neurons in the alert squirrel monkey
39. Perception of tilt (somatogravic illusion) in response to sustained linear acceleration during space flight
40. Representation of three-dimensional space in the vestibular, oculomotor, and visual systems
41. Eye movements from semicircular canal nerve stimulation in the cat
42. Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus
43. Baclofen and velocity storage: A model of the effects of the drug on the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the rhesus monkey
44. Habituation and adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: A model of differential control by the vestibulo-cerebellum
45. Orientation of the eyes to gravito-inertial acceleration
46. Orbital mechanics
47. Axes of eye rotation and Listing's law during rotations of the head
48. On the sense of rotation and the anatomy and physiology of the semicircular canals of the inner ear
49. Semicircular canal functional anatomy in cat, guinea pig, and man
50. Linear acceleration modulates the nystagmus induced by angular acceleration stimulation of the horizontal canal
51. The planes of the utricular and saccular maculae of the guinea pig
52. Spatial orientation of the vestibular system: Dependence of optokinetic after nystagmus on gravity
53. Effects of spaceflight on ocular counterrolling and spatial orientation of the vestibular system
54. Modulation of vergence by off-vertical yaw axis rotation in the monkey: Normal characteristics and effects of space flight
55. Model-based study of the human cupular time constant
56. Nystagmus induced by off-vertical axis rotation in the cat
57. Magnetic resonance imaging of the functional anatomy of the superior oblique muscle
58. Evidence for fibromuscular pulleys of the recti extraocular muscles
59. Innervation of extraocular pulley smooth muscle in monkeys and humans
60. The physiologic characteristics of vestibular first-order neurons in the cat. I. Response plane determinations and resting discharge characteristics
61. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I. Response to static tilts and to long duration centrifugal force
62. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. II. Directional selectivity and force response relations
63. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics
64. The hair cell's mechanoelectrical transducer channel
65. Structure of the macula utriculi with special reference to directional interplay of sensory responses as revealed by morphological polarisation
66. Studies on the sensory hairs of receptor cells in the inner ear
67. A bilateral model for central neural pathways in vestibulo-ocular reflex
68. Orientation of human optokinetic nystagmus to gravity: A model-based approach
69. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. I. Resting discharge and response to angular accelerations
70. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. III. Variations among units in their discharge properties
71. Responses of peripheral vestibular to angular and linear accelerations in the squirrel monkey
72. The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. IV. Discharge properties of utricular afferents
73. The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. V. Relation between afferent discharge properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the utricular macula
74. Otolith-organ mechanics: Lumped parameter model and dynamic response
75. Theoretical mechanical frequency response of the otolith organs
76. Orientation of the rotation axis relative to gravity: Its influence on nystagmus and the sense of rotation
77. A clinical sign of canal paresis
78. Orientation of vestibular nystagmus is modified by head tilt
79. Static roll and pitch in the monkey: Shift and rotation in Listing's plane
80. Consideration on Listing's law and the primary position by means of a matrix description of eye position control
81. Coding of information about rapid eye movements in the pontine reticular formation of alert monkeys
82. On Listing's law
83. Inertial processing of vestibulo-ocular signals
84. Spatial organization of the maculo-ocular reflex of the rat: Responses during off-vertical axis rotation
85. Calibration of three-dimensional eye position using search coil signals in the rhesus monkey
86. Central versus peripheral origin of vestibulo-ocular reflex recovery following semicircular canal-plugging in rhesus monkeys
87. Baselines for three-dimensional perception of combined linear and angular self-motion with changing rotational axis
88. The shape of self-motion perception-I. Equivalence classification for sustained motions
89. The shape of self-motion perception. II. Framework and principles for simple and complex motion
90. Ultrastructural features of non-commissural GABAergic neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus of the monkey
91. Ultrastructure of GABA-immunoreactive vestibular commissural neurons related to velocity storage in the monkey
92. Ultra-structure of vestibular commissural neurons related to velocity storage in the monkey
93. Sensitivity, polarity and conduction change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli
94. Stereocilia mediate transduction in vertebrate hair cells
95. High frequency dynamics of regularly discharging canal afferents provide a linear signal for angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes
96. Interaction of the body, head and eyes during walking and turning
97. Posture and gaze during circular locomotion
98. Response of vestibular neurons to head rotations in vertical planes. I. Response to vestibular stimulation
99. Effects of midline medullary lesions on velocity storage and the vestibulo-ocular reflex
100. The cerebellar projection of the vestibular nerve in the cat
101. A scanning electron microscope study of the morphology and geometry of the neural surfaces and structures associated with vestibular apparatus of the pigeon
102. Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex evoked by high acceleration rotations in the squirrel monkey. II. Responses after canal-plugging
103. The viscous elastic properties of muscle
104. Human ocular counterrolling induced by varying linear accelerations
105. The neural signal of angular head position in primary afferent vestibular nerve axons
106. The regulation of eye positions and movements induced by the labyrinth
107. Human ocular counterrolling during roll-tilt and centrifugation
108. Convergence of labyrinthine influences on units in the vestibular nuclei of the cat. II. Electrical stimulation
109. Orienting otolith-ocular reflexes in the rabbit during static and dynamic tilts and off-vertical axis rotation
110. Vertical optokinetic nystagmus and vestibular nystagmus in the monkey: Up-down asymmetry and effects of gravity
111. A systems concept of the vestibular organs
112. Signal processing related to the vestibulo-ocular reflex during combined angular rotation and linear translation of the head
113. Behavior contingent processing of vestibular sensory signals in the vestibular nuclei
114. Characteristics of neural transmission from the semicircular canals to the vestibular nuclei of cats
115. Frequency response analysis of central vestibular unit activity resulting from vestibular stimulation of the semicircular canals
116. Modeling the vestibulo-ocular reflex of the squirrel monkey during eccentric rotation and roll tilt
117. The vestibulo-ocular reflex of the squirrel monkey during eccentric rotation and roll tilt
118. A multidimensional model of the effect of gravity on the spatial orientation of the monkey
119. Humans use internal models to estimate gravity and linear acceleration
120. Functional anatomy of normal human rectus muscles
121. A model of the mechanics of binocular alignment
122. Effect of transposition surgery on rectus muscle paths by magnetic resonance imaging
123. Three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex of the monkey: Optimal retinal image stabilization versus Listing's law
124. Neural and mechanical factors in eye control
125. Rotational kinematics of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex. III. Listing's law
126. Functions of separate sensory receptors of non-auditory labyrinth of the cat
127. Ocular counterrolling (OCR) induced by centrifugation during orbital space-flight
128. The influence of vision during bodily rotation upon the duration of post-rotational vestibular nystagmus
129. Problem commission of neuroradiology
130. The influence of semicircular canal morphology and endolymph flow dynamics: An anatomicalally descriptive mathematical model
131. Linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) and modulation by vergence
132. How does the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex compare with the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex?
133. Characteristics of the VOR response to linear acceleration
134. Eye movement responses to linear head motion in the squirrel monkey. I. Basic Characteristics
135. Eye movement responses to linear head motion in the squirrel monkey. II. Visual-vestibular interactions and kinematic considerations
136. Human vestibulo-ocular reflex and its interactions with vision and fixation distance during linear and angular head movement
137. Eye position dependence of three-dimensional ocular rotation-axis orientation during head impulses in humans
138. Otolith tilt translation reinterpretation following prolonged weightlessness: Implications for preflight training
139. Tensor network model of the "three neuron vestibulo-ocular reflex arc" in the cat
140. The influence of surgical plugging on horizontal semicircular canal mechanics and afferent response dynamics
141. Physiology of the semicircular canals after surgical plugging
142. Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions
143. Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions. I. Role of muscle pulleys in determining saccadic trajectory
144. Velocity storage and the ocular response to multidimensional vestibular stimuli
145. Multidimensional organization of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
146. Organizational principles of velocity storage in three dimensions: The effect of gravity on cross-coupling of optokinetic after-nystagmus
147. How does the vestibulo-ocular reflex work?
148. Modelling the spatiotemporal organization of velocity storage in the vestibulo-ocular reflex by optokinetic studies
149. A velocity storage mechanism responsible for optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) and vestibular nystagmus
150. Velocity storage in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc (VOR)
151. Effects of gravity on rotatory nystagmus in monkeys
152. Spatial orientation of the vestibular system
153. Modeling the organization of the linear and angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes
154. Spatial organization of central vestibular otolith units
155. Vestibular compensation and orientation during locomotion
156. Neural basis for eye velocity generation in the vestibular nuclei during off-vertical axis rotation
157. Unit activity in the vestibular nuclei of monkeys during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR)
158. A geometric analysis of semicircular canals and induced activity in their peripheral afferents in the rhesus monkey
159. A method of measuring eye movement using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field
160. The mechanics of human saccadic eye movement
161. The mechanics of smooth pursuit eye movement
162. Oculomotor unit behavior in the monkey
163. Models of oculomotor neural organization
164. Models of the saccadic eye movement control system
165. Oculomotor control signals
166. Vestibular and optokinetic symbiosis: An example of explaining by modeling
167. The use of matrices in analyzing the three-dimensional behavior of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
168. The mechanical components of human eye movements
169. The primate vestibulo-ocular reflex during combined linear and angular head motion
170. Modeling three-dimensional velocity-to-position transformation in oculomotor control
171. On the role of gravity in human spatial orientation
172. Directional plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the cat
173. Ocular responses to translation and their dependence on viewing distance. I. Motion of the observer
174. Ocular responses to linear motion are inversely proportional to viewing distance
175. Topographical distribution of Purkinje cells in the uvula and the nodulus projecting to the vestibular nuclei in cats
176. Influence of vestibular and visual climbing fiber signals on Purkinje cell discharge in the cerebellar nodulus of the rabbit
177. Eye muscle geometry and compensatory eye movements in lateral eyed and frontal eyed animals
178. The selection of reference frames by nature and its investigators
179. The coordinate system of visual climbing fibers to the flocculus
180. Role of abducens neurons in vestibulo-ocular reflex
181. Eye movements induced by linear acceleration are modified by visualisation of imaginary targets
182. Neural control of rotational kinematics within realistic vestibulo-ocular coordinate systems
183. Effect of viewing distance and location of the axis of rotation on the monkeys vestibulo-ocular reflex. I. Eye movement responses
184. Stabilization of gaze during circular locomotion in darkness. II. Contribution of velocity storage to compensatory eye and head nystagmus in the running monkey
185. Stabilization of gaze during circular locomotion in light. I. Compensatory head and eye nystagmus in the running monkey
186. Stimulation of the nodulus and uvula discharges velocity storage in the vestibulo-ocular reflex
187. Three-dimensional eye movements during vertical axis rotation: Effects of visual suppression, orbital eye position and head position
188. The ultrastructure of the vestibular sense organ
189. Über die beobachtung der cupula in den bogengansampullen des labyrinths des lebenden hechts
190. Transient torsion during and after saccades
191. Head, eye, body, and limb movements from semicircular canal nerve
192. Compensatory eye movements induced by vertical semicircular canal stimulation
193. Canal-plugging in the rhesus monkey: A tool to study the contribution of individual canals to nystagmus generation
194. Paired and unpaired pluggings of the semicircular canals in monkeys related with physiological and pathological findings
195. Three-dimensional representation of position coding in extraocular motoneurons in the rhesus monkey
196. Evaluation of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex at high frequencies with a helmet, driven by reactive torque
197. Laterality in the vestibulo-cerebellar mossy fiber projection to flocculus and caudal vermis in the rabbit: A retrograde fluorescent double-labeling study
198. Linear vestibulo-ocular reflex as a function of frequency and amplitude
199. Dynamics of squirrel monkey linear vestibulo-ocular reflex and interaction with fixation distance
200. Canal-otolith interactions in the squirrel monkey vestibulo-ocular reflex and the influence of fixation distance
201. Untersuchungen ueber optokinetischen nystagmus
202. Vertical eye position-dependence of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex during passive and active yaw head rotations
203. Role of muscle pulleys in producing eye position-dependence in the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex: A model-based study
204. Eye movements produced by the superior oblique muscle
205. Velocity-to-position transformations in the VOR and the saccadic system
206. Implications of rotational kinematics for the oculomotor system in three dimensions
207. Rotation axes of saccades
208. Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades
209. Computing three-dimensional eye position quaternions and eye velocity from search coil signals
210. Rotational kinematics of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex. II. Velocity steps
211. Testing models of the oculomotor velocity-to-position transformation
212. Rotational kinematics of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex I. Gain matrices
213. Non-commutativity in the brain
214. Excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the saccular afferents to single vestibular neurons in the cat
215. Cross-striolar and commissural inhibition in the otolith system
216. Canal and otolith inputs to single vestibular neurons in cats
217. Tonische labyrinthreflexe auf die augen
218. The human vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex during combined linear and angular acceleration with near-target fixation
219. A reexamination of the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
220. Neuronal activity in the vestibularnuclei of the alert monkey during vestibular and optokinetic stimulation
221. Vestibular nuclei activity during optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) in the alert monkey
222. Conflicting visual vestibular stimulation and vestibular nucleus activity in alert monkeys
223. Role of the flocculus and paraflocculus in optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction: Effects of lesions
224. Dynamic modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex by the nodulus and uvula
225. Nodulo-uvular control of central vestibular dynamics determines spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR)
226. Contribution of vestibular commissural pathways to velocity storage and spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex
227. Control of spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex by the nodulus and uvula
228. Effects of tilt of the gravito-inertial acceleration vector on the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex during centrifugation
229. Oculomotor responses to on axis rotational stepping in normal and adaptively altered podokinetic states
230. Counterrolling of the eyes and its dependence on the magnitude of gravitoinertial or inertial force acting laterally on the body
231. Semicircular canal contribution to the three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex: A model-based approach
232. Dynamics and kinematics of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkey: Effects of canal-plugging
233. Spatial properties of otolith units recorded in the vestibular nuclei
234. Context-specific adaptation of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex with regard to gravity
235. Perception of the body in space: Mechanisms
236. Three dimensional characteristics of rhesus monkey vestibular nystagmus after velocity steps
237. Convergence of the horizontal semicircular canal and otolith afferents on cat single vestibular neurons