Worked bone tools: Linking metal artisans and animal processors in medieval Islamic Morocco

Antiquity

Volumn 76, Issue 292, 2002, Pages 447-457

  Benco, Nancy L ^a   Ettahiri, Ahmed ^b   Loyet, Michelle ^c  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b l'Archeologie P   (Morocco)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Al Basra; Bone tools; Islamic archaeology; Metalworking

Indexed keywords

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; ISLAMISM; MEDIEVAL; TOOL USE;

MOROCCO;

EID: 0036078285     PISSN: 0003598X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003598X00090554     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. AYALON, E. & C. SOREK. 1999. Bare bones: ancient artifacts from animal bones. Tel Aviv: Eretz Israel Museum.
2. BAZZANA, A. & P. CRESSIER. 1989. Shaltish/Saltés (Huelva): Une ville médiéval d'al-andalus. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez.
3. BENCO, N.L. 1987. The early medieval pottery industry at al-Basra, Morocco. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S341. 1994. Report on the 1994 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. 1995. Preliminary report on the 1995 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. In press. 1990 Archeological excavations at al-Basra. Morocco, Bulletin d'archéologie Marocaine. (Ed.). In press. Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic Town. Oxford: Archaeopress.
4. BENCO, N.L. 1987. The early medieval pottery industry at al-Basra, Morocco. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S341. 1994. Report on the 1994 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. 1995. Preliminary report on the 1995 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. In press. 1990 Archeological excavations at al-Basra. Morocco, Bulletin d'archéologie Marocaine. (Ed.). In press. Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic Town. Oxford: Archaeopress.
5. BENCO, N.L. 1987. The early medieval pottery industry at al-Basra, Morocco. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S341. 1994. Report on the 1994 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. 1995. Preliminary report on the 1995 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. In press. 1990 Archeological excavations at al-Basra. Morocco, Bulletin d'archéologie Marocaine. (Ed.). In press. Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic Town. Oxford: Archaeopress.
6. BENCO, N.L. 1987. The early medieval pottery industry at al-Basra, Morocco. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S341. 1994. Report on the 1994 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. 1995. Preliminary report on the 1995 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. In press. 1990 Archeological excavations at al-Basra. Morocco, Bulletin d'archéologie Marocaine. (Ed.). In press. Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic Town. Oxford: Archaeopress.
7. BENCO, N.L. 1987. The early medieval pottery industry at al-Basra, Morocco. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S341. 1994. Report on the 1994 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. 1995. Preliminary report on the 1995 archeological excavations at al-Basra. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat. In press. 1990 Archeological excavations at al-Basra. Morocco, Bulletin d'archéologie Marocaine. (Ed.). In press. Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic Town. Oxford: Archaeopress.
8. BENCO, N.L. & A. ETTAHIRI. 1998. Report of the 1998 archeological excavations at al-Basra, Morocco. Report submitted to Institut des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat.
9. BOND, J.M. & T.P. O'CONNOR. 1999. Bones from medieval deposits at 16-22 Coppergate and other sites in York. York: York Archaeological Trust/Council for British Archaeology.
10. CARVER, M. 1980. The excavation of three medieval craftsmen's tenements in Sidbury Worcester, 1976, in M. Carver (ed.), Medieval Worcester: an archaeological framework 7: 155-205. Worchester: Worcestershire Archaeological Society.
11. CLEERE, H. 1976. Ironmaking, in Strong & Brown (ed.): 127-41.
12. COON, C. 1931. Tribes of the Rif. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University, Peabody Museum.
13. CRADDOCK, P.T. 1995. Early metal mining and production. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press.
14. EUSTACHE, D. 1955. El-Basra, capitale Idrissite, et son port, Hesperis 42: 218-38.
15. HAKKER-ORION, D. 1999. Bones: characteristics, types and processing methods, in Ayalon & Sorek: 8-12.
16. AL-HASSAN, A.Y. 1978. Iron and steel technology in medieval Arabic sources, Journal for the history of Arabic science 2(1): 31-43.
17. AL-HASSAN, A.Y. & D.R. HILL. 1986. Islamic technology: an illustrated history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. EL-HASSANI, H. 1995-96. La ferronnerie traditionnelle au Maroc: technique et pratiques 'magico-religieuses'. Memoir. Institut national des sciences d'archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat.
19. HEALY, J.F. 1978. Mining and metallurgy in the Greek and Roman world. London: Thames & Hudson.
20. HUTCHINSON, V.J. & D.S. REESE. 1988. A worked bone industry at Carthage, in J.H. Humphrey (ed.). The circus and a Byzantine cemetery at Carthage: 549-94. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Press.
21. LAM, Y.M., X. CHEN & O.M. PEARSON. 1999. Intertaxonomic variability in patterns of bone density and the differential representation of bovid, cervid, and equid elements in the archaeological record, American Antiquity: 64: 343-62.
22. LEO AFRICANUS (c. 149-1550). 1896. The history and description of Africa, vol. 2. Edited by R. Brown. New York (NY): Burt Franklin.
23. LOYET, M. 1998. Islamic Period faunal remains from the urban center of Tell Tuneinir, Syria. MA thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia. In press. Food, fuel, and raw material: the faunal remains from al-Basra, in Benco (in press).
24. LOYET, M. 1998. Islamic Period faunal remains from the urban center of Tell Tuneinir, Syria. MA thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia. In press. Food, fuel, and raw material: the faunal remains from al-Basra, in Benco (in press).
25. LUNDQUIST, L. & N.L. BENCO. In press. View from the roof tops: clay tiles and roof construction at al-Basra, in Benco (in press).
26. LYMAN, R.L. 1994. Vertebrate taphonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. MACGREGOR, A. 1985. Bone, antler, ivory and horn: the technology of skeletal materials since the Roman period. Totowa (NJ): Barnes & Noble.
28. MACGRECOR, A., A.J. MAINMAN & N.S.H. ROGERS. 1999. Craft, industry and everyday life: bone, antler, ivory and horn from Anglo-Scandinavian and medieval York. The archaeology of York 17: the small finds. York: Council for British Archaeology.
29. MAHONEY, N. In press. Economy and environment: the archaeobotanical remains from al-Basra, in Benco (in press).
30. MANNING, W.H. 1976. Blacksmithing, in Strong & Brown (ed.): 143-53.
31. MCDONNELL, J.G. 1984. The study of early iron smithing residues, in B.G. Scott & H. Cleere (ed.), The crafts of the blacksmith: 47-52. Belfast: UISPP Comte pour la siderurgie ancienne/Ulster Museum.
32. MORGAN, M. 2000. Reconstructing Islamic metal production: the view from North Africa. Paper presented at the 2000 annual meeting, Society for American Archaeology, Philadelphia.
33. REDMAN, C.L. 1983-84. Survey and test excavation of six medieval Islamic sites in northern Morocco, Bulletin d'Archéologie Marocaine 15: 311-49. 1986. Qasr es-Seghir: an archaeological view of medieval life. Orlando (FL): Academic Press.
34. REDMAN, C.L. 1983-84. Survey and test excavation of six medieval Islamic sites in northern Morocco, Bulletin d'Archéologie Marocaine 15: 311-49. 1986. Qasr es-Seghir: an archaeological view of medieval life. Orlando (FL): Academic Press.
35. RIMI, A. & S.O. AL-ALAMI. 1991. Preliminary results of a magnetometer survey at the Islamic archaeological site of al-Basra (Morocco). Manuscript on file. Department of Anthropology. George Washington University, Washington (DC).
36. ROSENBERGER. B. 1970a. Les vieilles exploitations minières et les centres métallurgiques du Maroc. Revue de Géographie du Maroc 17: 71-108. 1970b. Les anciennes exploitations minières et les anciens centres métallurgiques du Maroc, Revue de Géographie du Maroc 18: 59-102.
37. ROSENBERGER. B. 1970a. Les vieilles exploitations minières et les centres métallurgiques du Maroc. Revue de Géographie du Maroc 17: 71-108. 1970b. Les anciennes exploitations minières et les anciens centres métallurgiques du Maroc, Revue de Géographie du Maroc 18: 59-102.
38. SADEK-KOORAS, H. 1972. Primitive bone fracturing: a method of research. American Antiquity 37(3): 369-82.
39. SCHMID, E. 1972. Atlas of animal bones. Now York (NY): Elsevier Publishing.
40. SCHRUFER-KOLB, I.E. In press. Iron production debris from layers following the disuse of the East Baths, in N. Ben Lazreg, D.J. Mattingly & L.M. Stirling (ed.), Leptiminus (Lamta): a Roman port city in Tunisia, Report 2: excavations of public baths, cemeteries, and industrial installations, 99-103. Portsmouth (RI): Journal of Roman Archaeology. Supplementary series.
41. SEMENOV, S.A. 1964. Prehistoric technology. London: Cory, Adams & Mackay.
42. SIM, D. 1998. Beyond the bloom: bloom refining and iron artifact production in the Roman world. Oxford: Archaeopress. BAR International series 725.
43. STEIN, G.J. & M.J. BLACKMAN. 1993. The organizational context of specialized craft production in early Mosopotamian states. Research in Economic Anthropology 14: 29-59.
44. STRONG, D. & D. BROWN (ed.) 1976. Roman crafts. New York (NY): New York University Press.
45. TORRES, C. 1986. Uma proposta de interpretação funcional para os conhocidos «cabos de faca» em osso já com longa história na arqueologie Ibérica, Actas del I congreso de arqueologia medieval Espanola, vol. 1: Aragon-Motodologia: 331-41. Aragon: Diputacion General de Aragon.
46. TRAUTH, N. 1996. Les produits métallurgiques du site médiéval de Saltés (Huelv i-Andalousie), Archäologie Islamique 6: 77-88.
47. TYLECOTE, R.F. 1987. The early history of metallurgy in Europe. London: Lingman. 1992. A history of metallurgy. London: The Metals Society.
48. TYLECOTE, R.F. 1987. The early history of metallurgy in Europe. London: Lingman. 1992. A history of metallurgy. London: The Metals Society.
49. WAPNISH, P. 1991. Beauty and utility in bone: new light on bone crafting, in L.E. Stager (ed.), Ashkelon discovered, from Canaanites and Philistines to Romans and Moslems: 58-62. Washing on (DC): Biblical Archaeology Society.
50. WATTERS, M. 1999. Preliminary report or remote sensing at al-Basra, 1999 field season. Manuscript on file, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University.
51. WULFF, H.E. 1966. The traditional crafts of Persia. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
52. ZEDER, M. 1991. Fenning cities: specialized animal economy in the Ancient Near East. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press.