Mechanical factors of the energy cost in three human locomotions;Facteurs mécaniques du coût énergétique dans trois locomotions humaines

Science and Sports

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 166-176

  Millet, G P ^a,b   Candau, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER   (France)

^b Faculté Sciences Du Sport   (France)

Author keywords

Cycling; Energy cost; Oxygen uptake; Running; Swimming

Indexed keywords

ATHLETE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CYCLING; DEVICE; ENERGY COST; EVALUATION; FORCE; FRICTION; HUMAN; HYDRODYNAMICS; LOCOMOTION; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RUNNING; SWIMMING; TECHNOLOGY; TRAINING; VELOCITY;

EID: 0036068358     PISSN: 07651597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0765-1597(02)00139-9     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. An energy «sources» and «fractions» approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem
2. Metabolic responses to drafting during front crawl swimming
3. The relationship between body mass and oxygen uptake during running in humans
4. A model of the human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex applied to jumping
5. Effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation of triceps surae during stretch-shortening cycle exercise
6. Effect of vertical loading on energy-cost and kinematics of running in trained male-subjects
7. Oxygen cost of running in trained and untrained men and women
8. Daily stability in energy cost of running, respiratory parameters and stride rate among well-trained middle distance runners
9. Energetically optimal cadence vs. freely-chosen cadence during cycling: Effect of exercise duration
10. Energy cost and efficiency of riding aerodynamic bicycles
11. Positive work done by a previously stretched muscle
12. The resonant step frequency in human running
13. The two power limits conditioning step frequency in human running
14. The effect of stride length variation on oxygen uptake during distance running
15. Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement
16. Stride length in distance running: Velocity, body dimensions, and added mass effects
17. Passive drag is still a good evaluator of swimming aptitude
18. The contribution of passive drag as a determinant of swimming performance
19. Energy cost of front-crawl swimming in women
20. Performance and drag during drafting swimming in highly trained triathletes
21. Stroking characteristic variations in the 100-M freestyle for male swimmers of differing skill
22. The effects of drafting on stroking variations during swimming in elite male triathletes
23. Effects of extremity loading upon energy expenditure and running mechanics
24. Human morphology and hydrodynamics
25. Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle ergometry
26. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes
27. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition
28. The spring-mass model and the energy cost of treadmill running
29. A physiologist's view of running economy
30. The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water
31. Work against gravity and work due to velocity changes in running
32. Aerodynamic drag in-field cycling with special reference to the Obrees position
33. Influence of tire pressure and vertical load on coefficient of rolling resistance and simulated cycling performance
34. Faster adjustment to and recovery from submaximal exercise in the trained state
35. Energy expenditure during bicycling
36. Le coût énergétique en course à pied de durée prolongée: Étude des paramètres d'influence
37. Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon
38. Effect of two drafting modalities in cycling on running performance
39. Optimal pedalling velocity characteristics during maximal and submaximal cycling in humans
40. Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking
41. Optimization of pedalling rate in cycling using a muscle stress-based objective function
42. The energy cost and heart rate response of trained and untrained subjects walking and running in shoes and boots
43. Economy: A physiologic perspective
44. A comparative analysis of physiological responses at submaximal workloads during different laboratory simulations of field cycling
45. Improving the racing bicycle
46. Reduction of wind resistance and power output of racing cyclists and runners travelling in groups
47. Post-competition blood lactate concentrations as indicators of anaerobic energy expenditure during 400-m and 800-m races
48. Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise
49. Effect of cycling cadence on contractile and neural properties of knee extensors
50. Preferred pedalling cadence in professional cycling
51. Lactic acid production in supra-maximal exercise
52. The relationship between cadence and lower-extremity EMG in cyclists and non-cyclists
53. Effect of cycling experience, aerobic power, and power output on preferred and most economical cycling cadences
54. Interrelationships between mechanical power, energy transfer, and walking and running economy
55. Energy expenditure during bicycling
56. 2 deficit
57. Alterations in running economy and mechanics after maximal cycling in triathletes: Influence of performance level
58. Effects of drafting behind a two-or a six-beat kick swimmer in elite female triathletes
59. Mechanical determinants of the minimum energy-cost of gradient running in humans
60. Factors affecting running economy
61. Effects of a prolonged maximal run on running economy and running mechanics
62. Variability in running economy and mechanics among trained male runners
63. Effect of limb mass and its distribution on the energetic cost of running
64. Level ground and uphill cycling ability in professional road cycling
65. Scientific approach to the 1-h cycling world record: A case study
66. The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces
67. Three-dimensional analysis of hand propulsion, in the sprint front crawl stroke
68. Physiological effects of walking and running with hand held weight
69. Influence of pedalling rate and power output on energy expenditure during bicycle ergometry
70. Influence of body hair removal on physiological responses during breaststroke swimming
71. The influence of body-mass in endurance bicycling
72. Optimal pedaling rate estimated from neuromuscular fatigue for cyclists
73. Force development during sustained locomotion: A determinant of gait, speed and metabolic power
74. Effect de la duree de l'exercice sur le choix d'une cadence optimale de pedalage chez des triathletes
75. Relationship between oxygen-uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming
76. The relationship between mechanical and physiological energy estimates
77. Oxygen uptake kinetics for various intensities of constant-load work
78. A new definition of mechanical work done in human movement