Origin of the ocean and continents: A unified theory of the earth

International Geology Review

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 137-152

  Deming, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL BREAKUP; CONTINENTAL CRUST; OCEAN; PLATE TECTONICS; PROTEROZOIC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

EID: 0036057226     PISSN: 00206814     EISSN: 19382839     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2747/0020-6814.44.2.137     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abe, Y., Ohtani, E., Okuchi, T., Righter, K., and Drake, M., 2000. “ Water in the early Earth ”. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, Edited by:Canup, R. M., and Righter, K., 413–433. Tucson, AZ:University of Arizona Press.
2. Allegre, C. J., 1982. Chemical geodynamics. Tectonophysics, 81:109–132.
3. Alt, J. C., 1995. “ Subseafloor processes in Mid-Ocean Ridge hydrothermal systems ”. In Seafloor hydrothermal systems, American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 91 Edited by:Humphris, S. E., Zierenberg, R. A., Mullineaux, L. S., and Thomson, R. E., 85–114. Washington, DC:American Geophysical Union.
4. Anderson, D. L., 1993. Helium-3 from the mantle:primor-dial signal or cosmic dust?. Science, 261:170–176.
5. Anderson, D. L., 1998. The helium paradoxes. Proceedings, National Academy of Science, 95:4822–4827.
6. Anderson, D. L., 1999. A tale of two planets. International Geology Review, 41:1051–1057.
7. Armstrong, R. L., 1981. Radiogenic isotopes:The case for crustal recycling on a near-steady-state no-continental-growth Earth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 301:443–472.
8. Armstrong, R. L., 1991. The persistent myth of crustal growth. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38:613–630.
9. Ashwal, L. D., 1989. Introduction to special issue on growth of the continental crust. Tectonophysics, 161:143–145.
10. Bebout, G. E., 1996. “ Volatile transfer and recycling at convergent margins:Mass-balance and insights from high-P/T metamorphic rocks ”. In Subduction top to bottom, Edited by:Bebout, G. E., Vol. 96, 179–193. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph.
11. Bell, D. R., and Rossman, G. R., 1992. Water in Earth's mantle:The role of nominally anhydrous minerals. Science, 255:1391–1397.
12. Bowring, S. A., and Housh, T., 1995. The Earth's early evolution. Science, 269:1535–1540.
13. Brown, G. C., 1979. “ The changing pattern of batholith emplacement during Earth history ”. In Origin of granite batholiths, geochemical evidence, Edited by:Atherton, M. P., and Tarney, J., 106–115. Nantwich, UK:Shiva Publishing.
14. Campbell, I. H., and Taylor, S. R., 1983. No water, no granites-no oceans, no continents. Geophysical Research Letters, 10:1061–1064.
15. Cathles, L. M., 1990. Scales and effects of fluid flow in the upper crust. Science, 248:323–329.
16. Chamberlin, T. C., 1897. The method of multiple working hypotheses. Journal of Geology, 5:81–85.
17. Chyba, C., and Sagan, C., 1992. Endogenous production, exogenous delivery, and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules:An inventory for the origins of life. Nature, 355:125–132.
18. Chyba, C. F., Owen, T. C., and Ip, W.-H., 1994. “ Impact delivery of volatiles and organic molecules to Earth ”. In Hazards due to comets and asteroids, Edited by:Gehrels, T., 9–58. Tucson, AZ:University of Arizona Press.
19. Davies, G. F., 1999. Dynamic Earth:Plates, plumes, and mantle convection, Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press. 458 p
20. Delsemme, A. H., 2001. An argument for the cometary origin of the biosphere. American Scientist, 89:432–442.
21. Deming, D., 2001. Introduction to hydrogeology, New York, NY:McGraw-Hill. 480 p
22. Dewey, J. F., and Windley, B. F., 1981. Growth and differentiation of the continental crust. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 301:189–206.
23. Elder, J. W., 1965. “ Physical processes in geothermal areas ”. In Terrestrial heat flow:American Geophysical Union, Edited by:Lee, W. H. K., Vol. 8, 211–239. Geophysical Monograph.
24. Fyfe, W. S., 1978. The evolution of the Earth's crust:Modern plate tectonics to ancient hot spot tectonics?. Chemical Geology, 23:89–114.
25. Fyfe, W. S., 1997. Deep fluids and volatile recycling:Crust to mantle. Tectonophysics, 275:243–251.
26. Goodwin, A. M., 1996. Principles of Precambrian geology, San Diego, CA:Academic Press. 327 p
27. Hofmann, A. W., 1997. Mantle geochemistry:The message from oceanic volcanism. Nature, 385:219–229.
28. Holland, H. D., 1999. When did Earth's atmosphere become oxic? A reply. The Geochemical News, 100:20–22. July issue
29. 16O ratio of 2-billion-year-old seawater inferred from ancient oceanic crust. Science, 259:1733–1736.
30. Hurley, P. M., and Rand, J. R., 1969. Pre-drift continental nucleii. Science, 164:1229–1242.
31. Ito, E., Harris, D. M., and Anderson, A. T., 1983. Alteration of oceanic crust and geologic cycling of chlorine and water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47:1613–1624.
32. Jambon, A., 1994. Earth degassing and large-scale geochemical cycling of volatile elements. Reviews in Mineralogy, 30:479–517.
33. Kasting, J. F., 2001. The rise of atmospheric oxygen. Science, 293:819–820.
34. Knauth, L. P., and Lowe, D. R., 1978. Oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts from the Onverwacht Group (3.4 billion years), Transvaal, South Africa, with implications for secular variations in the isotopic composition of cherts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 41:209–222.
35. Kusky, T. M., Li, J.-H., and Tucker, R. D., 2001. The Archean Dongwanzi ophiolite complex, North China Craton:2.505-billion-year-old oceanic crust and mantle. Science, 292:1142–1145.
36. Langseth, M. G., and Moore, J. C., 1990. Introduction to special section on the role of fluids in sediment accretion, deformation, diagenesis, and metamorphism in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95:8737–8741.
37. Lowell, R. P., Rona, P. A., and Von Herzen, R. P., 1995. Seafloor hydrothermal systems. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100:327–352.
38. Matsui, T., and Abe, Y., 1986a. Evolution of an impact-induced atmosphere and magma ocean on the accreting Earth. Nature, 319:303–305.
39. Matsui, T., and Abe, Y., 1986b. Impact-induced atmospheres and oceans on Earth and Venus. Nature, 322:526–528.
40. McLennan, S. M., and Taylor, S. R., 1982. Geochemical constraints on the growth of the continental crust. Journal of Geology, 90:347–361.
41. Mojzsis, S. J., and Harrison, T. M., 2000. Vestiges of a beginning:Clues to the emergent biosphere recorded in the oldest known sedimentary rocks. GSA Today, 10 (no. 4):1–6.
42. Mojzsis, S. J., Harrison, T. M., and Pidgeon, R. T., 2001. Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth's surface 4300 Myr ago. Nature, 409:178–181.
43. Moore, J. C., and Vrolijk, P., 1992. Fluids in accretionary prisms. Reviews of Geophysics, 30:113–135.
44. Morbidelli, A., Chambers, J., Lunine, J. I., Petit, J. M., Robert, F., Valsecchi, G. B., and Cyr, K. E., 2000. Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 35:1309–1320.
45. Muehlenbachs, K., 1998. The oxygen isotopic composition of the oceans, sediments, and the seafloor. Chemical Geology, 145:263–273.
46. Mumma, M. J., Dello Russo, N., DiSanti, M. A., Magee-Sauer, K., Novak, R. E., Brittain, S., Rettig, T., McLean, I. S., Reuter, D. C., and Xu, Li-H., 2001. Organic composition of C/1999 S4 (LINEAR):A comet formed near Jupiter?. Science, 292:134–1339.
47. Murakami, M., Hirose, K., Yurimoto, H., Nakashima, S., and Takafuji, N., 2002. Water in Earth's lower mantle. Science, 295:1885–1887.
48. Nelson, B. K., and DePaolo, D. J., 1985. Rapid production of continental crust 1.7 to 1.9 b.y. ago:Nd isotopic evidence from the basement of the North American mid-continent. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96:746–754.
49. Nisbet, E. G., 1987. The young Earth:An introduction to Archean geology, Boston, MA:Allen & Unwin. 402 p
50. O'Nions, R. K., Evensen, N. M., and Hamilton, P. J., 1979. Geochemical modeling of mantle differentiation and crustal growth. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84:6091–6101.
51. Parsons, B., and Sclater, J. G., 1977. An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82:803–827.
52. Patchett, P. J., and Arndt, N. T., 1986. Nd isotopes and tectonics of 1.9-1.7 Ga crustal genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 78:329–338.
53. Peacock, S. M., 1993. Large-scale hydration of the lithosphere above subducting slabs. Chemical Geology, 108:49–59.
54. Popper, K. R., 1959. The logic of scientific discovery, New York, NY:Basic Books. 479 p
55. Reymer, A., and Schubert, G., 1984. Phanerozoic addition rates to the continental crust and crustal growth. Tectonics, 3:63–77.
56. Robert, F., 2001. The origin of water on earth. Science, 293:1056–1058.
57. Rubey, W. W., 1951. Geologic history of sea water, an attempt to state the problem. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 62:1111–1148.
58. 4):An ocean in the Earth's interior?. American Mineraologist, 79:1021–1024.
59. Stein, C., and Stein, S., 1994. Constraints on hydrothermal heat flux through the oceanic lithosphere from global heat flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99:3081–3095.
60. Stevenson, R. K., and Patchett, P. J., 1990. Implications for the evolution of continental crust from Hf isotope systematics of Archean detrital zircons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54:1683–1697.
61. Taylor, S. R., 1989. Growth of planetary crusts. Tectonophysics, 161:147–156.
62. Taylor, S. R., 1990. Not mere scum of the Earth. Nature, 346:608–609.
63. Taylor, S. R., 1997. The origin of the Earth. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17:27–31.
64. Taylor, S. R., 2001. Solary system evolution:A new perspective, Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press. 460 p
65. Taylor, S. R., and McLennan, S. M., 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics, 33 (no. 2):241–265.
66. Taylor, S. R., and McLennan, S. M., 1997. The origin and evolution of the Earth's continental crust. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17 (no. 1):55–62.
67. Thomson, W., 1862. On the secular cooling of the Earth. Royal Society of Edinburgh Transactions, 23:157–169.
68. Thompson, A. B., 1992. Water in the Earth's upper mantle. Nature, 358:295–302.
69. Veizer, J., 1989. Strontium isotopes in seawater through time. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 17:141–167.
70. 87Sr in Precambrian carbonates as an index of crustal evolution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 40:905–914.
71. Veizer, J., and Jansen, S. L., 1979. Basement and sedimentary recycling and continental evolution. Journal of Geology, 87:341–370.
72. Vervoort, J. D., and Blichert-Toft, J., 1999. Evolution of the depleted mantle:Hf isotope evidence from juvenile rocks through time. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63:533–556.
73. Walker, J. C. G., and Lohmann, K. C., 1989. Why the oxygen isotopic composition of sea water changes with time. Geophysical Research Letters, 16:323–326.
74. Warren, P. H., 1989. Growth of the continental crust:A planetary-mantle perspective. Tectonophysics, 161:165–199.
75. Wetherill, G. W., 1990. Formation of the Earth. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 18:205–256.
76. Wilde, S. A., Valley, J. W., Peck, W. H., and Graham, C. M., 2001. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature, 409:175–178.