A rapid and accurate visual assessment of nectar production can reveal patterns of temporal variation in Banksia ericifolia (Proteaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany

Volumn 50, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 595-600

  Lloyd, Samantha ^a   Ayre, David J ^a   Whelan, Rob J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEASUREMENT METHOD; NECTAR; TEMPORAL VARIATION; VISUAL ANALYSIS;

BANKSIA; BANKSIA ERICIFOLIA; INVERTEBRATA; PROTEACEAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0036032575     PISSN: 00671924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/BT01081     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Armstrong DP, Paton DC (1990) Methods for measuring amounts of energy available from Banksia inflorescences. Australian Journal of Ecology 15, 291-297.
2. Copland BJ, Whelan RJ (1989) Seasonal variation in flowering intensity and pollination limitation of fruit set in four co-occurring Banksia species. Journal of Ecology 77, 509-523.
3. Cresswell JE, Galen C (1991) Frequency-dependent selection and adaptive surfaces for floral character combinations: The pollination of Polemonium viscosum. American Naturalist 138, 1342-1353.
4. Dreisig H (1995) Ideal free distributions of nectar foraging bumblebees. Oikos 72, 161-172.
5. Eckhart VM (1991) The effects of floral display on pollinator visitation vary among populations of Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae). Evolutionary Ecology 5, 370-384.
6. George AS (1984) 'The Banksia Book.' (Kangaroo Press: Kenthurst, Sydney)
7. Kearns CA, Inouye DW (1993) 'Techniques for Pollination Biologists.' (University Press of Colorado: CL)
8. Keppel G (1982) 'Design and Analysis-A Research's Handbook (2nd Edn.).' (Prentice Hall Publishing: New Jersey)
9. Lloyd S (1998) Plant Attractiveness and the Consequences for Pollinator Behaviour and Reproductive Success in Banksia Ericifolia and B. Spinulosa. BSc (Hons) Thesis, University of Wollongong, Australia.
10. McFarland DC (1985) Flowering biology and phenology of Banksia integrifolia and B. spinulosa (Proteaceae) in New England National Park, NSW. Australian Journal of Botany 33, 705-714.
11. Mallick SA (2000) A technique for washing nectar from the flowers of Tasmanian leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida Eucryphiaceae). Austral Ecology 25, 210-212.
12. Mitchell RJ, Paton DC (1990) Effects of nectar volume and concentration on sugar intake rates of Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae). Oecologia 83, 238-246.
13. Nicolson SW, Van Wyk B (1998) Nectar sugars in Proteaceae: Patterns and processes. Australian Journal of Botany 46, 489-504.
14. Pappers SM, deJong TJ, Klinkhamer PGL, Meelis E (1999) Effects of nectar content on the number of bumblebee approaches and the length of visitation sequences in Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos 87, 580-586.
15. Paton DC, Turner V (1985) Pollination of Banksia ericifolia smith: Birds, mammals and insects as pollen vectors. Australian Journal of Botany 33, 271-286.
16. Pyke GH (1983) Seasonal pattern of abundance of honeyeaters and their resources in heathland areas near Sydney. Australian Journal of Ecology 8, 217-233.
17. Pyke GH (1988) Yearly variation in seasonal patterns of honeyeater abundance, flower density and nectar production in heathland near Sydney. Australian Journal of Ecology 13, 1-10.
18. Robinson L (1991) 'Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney (2nd Edn).' (Kangaroo Press: Kenthurst, Sydney)
19. Shmida A, Kadmon R (1991) Within plant patchiness in nectar distribution in Anchusa strigosa. Vegetatio 94, 95-99.
20. Vaughton G (1992) Effectiveness of nectarivorous birds and honeybees as pollinators of Banksia spinulosa (Proteaceae). Australian Journal of Ecology 17, 43-50.
21. Zimmerman M (1988) Nectar production, flowering phenology and strategies for pollination. In 'Plant Reproductive Ecology: Patterns and Strategies'. (Eds J Lovett Doust, L Lovett Doust) pp. 157-178. (Oxford University Press: New York)