HIV protease inhibitors: Peptidomimetic drugs and future perspectives

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 21, 2002, Pages 1905-1922

  Abdel Rahman, Hamdy M ^a   Al karamany, Ggmal S ^a   El Koussi, Nawal A ^a   Youssef, Adel F ^a   Kiso, Yoshiaki ^a  

^a Assiut University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

AIDS; Antiviral drugs; Enzyme inhibitors; HIV; Peptidomimetics

Indexed keywords

1 (3 AMINO 5 INDAZOLYL) 4,7 DIBENZYL 3 BUTYL 2,3,4,5,6,7 HEXAHYDRO 5,6 DIHYDROXY 2H 1,3 DIAZEPIN 2 ONE; AMINO ACID; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ARYLBUTYRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; AZATHIOPRINE; DIPEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; INDINAVIR; INVERASE; JE 2147; KNI 102; KNI 357; KNI 417; KNI 549; KNI 577; KNI 727; KNI 764; KNI 93; KYNOSTATIN 272; LOPINAVIR; NELFINAVIR; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR; STATINE DERIVATIVE; TIPRANAVIR; TRIPEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG SOLUBILITY; ENZYME STRUCTURE; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LIFE CYCLE; LIPOPHILICITY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONHUMAN; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS;

EID: 0036029790     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/0929867023368890     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Mitsuya, H.; Yarchoan, R.; Broder, S. Science, 1990, 249, 1533.
2. Barre-Sinousi, F.; Chermann, J.C.; Rey, F.; Nugeyra, M.T.; Chamaret, S.; Daugeut, C.; Axler-Blin, C.; Vezinet-Brun, F.; Rouzioux; C.; Rozenbaum, W.; Montagneir, L. ibid., 1983, 220, 868.
3. Gallo, R.C.; Salahuddin, S.Z.; Popovic, M.; Shearer, G.M.; Kaplan, N.; Haynes, B.F.; Palker, T.G.; Redfield, R.; Oleske, J.; Safai, B.; White, G.; Foster, P.; Markhan, P.D. ibid., 1984, 224, 500.
4. Mann, J.M.; Tarantola, D.J.M. Scientific American, 1998, 14, 61.
5. McDonald, C.K.; Kuritzkes D.R. Arch Intern Med, 1997, 157, 951.
6. Ghourab, G. Advances in Clinical Chem., 1996, 32, 167.
7. Yarchoan, R.; Mitsuya, H.; Broder, S. TiPS, 1993, 14, 196.
8. De Clercq, E. J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 2491.
9. Hoetelmans, R.M.W.; Meenhorst, P.L.; Mulder, J.W.; Burger, D.M.; Koks, C.H.W.; Beijnen J.H. Pharm. World Sci., 1997, 19, 159.
10. Martin, J.A.; Redshaw, S.; Thomas G.J. Progress in Med Chem., 1995, 32, 239.
11. Darke, P.L.; Huff, J.R. Advances in Pharmacology, 1994, 25, 399.
12. Huff, J.R. J. Med. Chem., 1991, 34, 2305.
13. Kiso, Y. Biopolymers (Peptide Science), 1996, 40, 235.
14. Flexner, C. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1998, 338, 1281.
15. West, M.L.; Fairlie D.P. TiPS, 1995, 16, 67.
16. Munoz, B.; Giam, C.-Z.; Wong, C.-H. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1994, 2, 1085.
17. Schechter, I.; Berger, A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1967, 27, 157.
18. Erickson, J.W.; Burt, S.K. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1996, 36, 545.
19. Langlois, M.; Quintard, D.; Abalain, C. Eur.J. Med. Chem., 1994, 29, 639.
20. Wlodawer, A.; Erickson J.W. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1993, 62, 543.
21. Covell, D.G.; Jernigan, R.L.; Wallqvist, A. Journal of Molecular Structure (Theochem), 1998, 423, 93.
22. Babine, R.E.; Bender, S.L. Chem. Rev., 1997, 97, 1359.
23. Appelt, K. in "Structure-Based Drug Design" "Pandi Veerapandian Eds" Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1997, pp 1-39.
24. Lin, J.H. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1997, 27, 215.
25. Tucker, T.J.; Lumma Jr., W.C.; Payne L.S.; Wai, J.M.; de Solms, S.J.; Giuliani, E.A., Darke, P.L.; Heimbach, J.C.; Zugay, J.A.; Schleif, W.A.; Quintero, J.C.; Emini, E.A.; Huff, J.R.; Anderson, P.S. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 2525.
26. Hornback, W.J.; Munroe, J.E.; Shepherd, T.A.; Hatch, S.D.; Muesing, M.A.; Wiskerchen, M.A.; Colacino, J.M.; Baxter, A.J.; Su, K.S.; Campanale, K. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1995, 5, 2891.
27. Thomas, G. J.; Bushnell, D.J.; Martin, J.A. ibid., 1994, 4, 2759.
28. Dorsey, B.D.; McDaniel, S.L.; Levin, R.B.; Vacca, J.P.; Darke, P.L.; Zugay, J.A.; Emini, E.A.; Schleif, W.A.; Lin, J.H.; Chen, W.; Holloway, M. K.; Anderson, P.S.; Huff, J.R. ibid., 1994, 4, 2769.
29. Munroe, J.E.; Hornback, W.J.; Campbell, J.B.; Ouellette, M.A.; Hatch, S.D.; Muesing, M.A.; Wiskerchen, M.A.; Baxter, A.J.; Su, K.; Campanale, K. ibid., 1995, 5, 2885.
30. Ghosh, A.K.; Kincaid, J.F.; Cho, W.; Walters, D.E.; Krishnan, K.; Hussain, K.A.; Koo, Y.; Cho, H.; Rudall, C.; Holland, L.; Buthod, J. ibid., 1998, 8, 687.
31. Rich, D.H.; Sun, C-Q.; Vara Prasad, J.V.N.; Pathiasseril, A.; Toth, M.V.; Marshall, G.R.; Clare, M.; Mueller, R.A.; Houseman, K. J. Med. Chem., 1991, 34, 1222.
32. Vacca, J.P.; Guare, J.P.; deSolms, S.J.; Sanders, W.M.; Giuliani, E.A.; Young, S.D.; Darke, P.L.; Zugay, J.; Sigal, I.S.; Schleif, W.A.; Quintero, J.C.; Emini, E.A.; Anderson, P.S.; Huff, J.R. ibid., 1991, 34, 1225.
33. Thompson, S.K.; Murthy, K.H.M.; Zhao, B.; Winborne, E.; Green, D.W.; Fisher, S.M.; DesJarlais, R.L.; Tomaszek. Jr., T.A.; Meek, T.D.; Gleason, J.G.; Abdel-Meguid, S.S. ibid., 1994, 37, 3100.
34. Getman, D.P.; DeCrescenzo, G.A.; Heintz, R.M.; Reed, K.L.; Talley, J.J.; Bryant, M.L.; Clare, M.; Houseman, K.A.; Marr, J.J.; Mueller, R.A.; Vazquez, M.L.; Shieh, H-S.; Stallings, W.C.; Stegeman, R.A. ibid., 1993, 36, 288.
35. Komai, T.; Yagi, R.; Suzuki-Sunagawa, H.; Sakurai, M.; Higashida, S.; Sugano, M.; Handa, H.; Mohri, H.; Yasuoka, A.; Oka, S.; Yabe, Y.; Nishigaki, T.; Kimura, S.; Shimada, K. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 1997, 20, 175.
36. Sakurai, M.; Higashida, S.; Sugano, M.; Komai, T.; Yagi, R.; Ozawa, Y.; Handa, H.; Nishigaki, T.; Yabe, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1994, 2, 807.
37. Komai, T.; Higashida, S.; Sakurai, M.; Nitta, T.; Kasuya, A; Miyamoto, S.; Yagi, R.; Ozawa, Y.; Handa, H.; Mohri, H.; Yasuoka, A.; Oka, S.; Nishigaki, T.; Kimura, S.; Shimada, K.; Yabe,Y. ibid., 1996, 4, 1365.
38. Takashiro, E.; Watanabe, T.; Nitta, T.; Kasuya, A.; Miyamoto, S.; Ozawa, Y.; Yagi, R.; Nishigaki, T.; Shibayama, T.; Nakagawa, A.; Iwamoto, A.; Yabe, Y. ibid., 1998, 6, 595.
39. Kempf, D.J.; Sham, H.L.; Marsh, K.C.; Flentage, C.A.; Betebenner, D.; Green, B.E.; McDonald, E.; Vasavanonda, S.; Saldivar, A.; Wideburg, N.E.; Kati, W.M.; Ruiz, L.; Zhao, C.; Fino, L.; Patterson, J.; Molla, A.; Plattner, J.J.; Norbeck, D.W.; J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 602.
40. Kempf, D.J.; Marsh, K.C.; Fino, L.C.; Bryant, P.; Craig-Kennard, A.; Sham, H.L.; Zhao, C.; Vasavanonda, S.; Kohlbrenner, W.E.; Wideburg, N.E.; Saldivar, A.; Green, B.E.; Herrin, T.; Norbeck, D.W. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1994, 2, 847.
41. Thaisrivongs, S.; Turner, S.R.; Strohbach, J.W.; TenBrink, R.E.; Tarpley, W.G.; McQuade, T.J.; Heinrikson, R.L.; Tomasselli, A.G.; Hui. J.O.; Howe, W.J. J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 941.
42. Baker, W.R.; Condon, S.L. J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 3277-3284.
43. Barry, M.; Gibbons, S.; Back, D.; Mulcahy, F. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 1997, 32, 194.
44. Thaisrivongs, S. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 1994, 29, 133.
45. Von der Helm, K. Biol. Chem., 1996, 377, 765.
46. Molla, A.; Granneman, G.R.; Sun, E.; Kempf, D.J. Antiviral Research, 1998, 39, 1.
47. Chrusciel, R.A.; Romines, K.R. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 1997, 7, 111.
48. Ohta, Y.; Shinkai, I. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1997, 5, 461.
49. Idem., ibid., 1997, 5, 463 and 1997, 5, 465.
50. Bursavich, M.G.; Rich, D.H. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 45, 541.
51. Ireland, C.D.; Castaner, J. Drugs of the Future, 1996, 21, 1022.
52. Galatsis, P. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 1998, 33, 340.
53. Carpenter, C.C.J.; Fischl, M.A.; Hammer, S.M.; Hirsch, M.S.; Jacobsen, D.M.; Katzenstein, D.A.; Montaner, J.S.G.; Richman, D.D.; Saag, M.S.; Schooley, R.T.; Thompson, M.A.; Vella, S.; Yeni, P.G.; Volberding, P.A. JAMA, 1997, 277, 1962.
54. Berger, E.A.; Moss, B.; Pastan, I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1998, 95, 11511.
55. Hogg, R.S.; O'Shaughnessy, M.V.; Gataric, N.; Yip, B.; Craib, K.; Schechter, M.T.; Montaner, J.S.G. The Lancet, 1997, 349, 1294.
56. Kempf, D.J. Prespectives in Drug Discovery and Design, 1994, 2, 427.
57. Pauletti, G.M.; Gangwar, S.; Saihaan, T.J.; Aube, J.; Bouchardt, R.T. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1997, 27, 235.
58. Ala, P.J.; Huston, E.E.; Klabe, R.M.; McCabe, D.D.; Duke, J.L.; Rizzo, C.J.; Korant, B.D.; DeLoskey, R.J.; Lam, P.Y.S.; Hodge, C.N.; Chang, C-H. Biochemistry, 1997, 36, 1573.
59. Erickson, J.W. Nature Structural Biology, 1995, 2, 523.
60. Doyon, L.; Payant, C.; Brakier-Gingras, L.; Lamarre, D. J. Virol., 1998, 72, 6146.
61. Nair, A.C.; Miertus, S.; Tossi, A.; Romeo, D. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1998, 242, 545.
62. De Clercq, E. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1997, 10, 674.
63. Ivest, K.J.; Jacobsen, H.; Galpin, S.A.; Garaev, M.M.; Dorrell, L.; Mous, J.; Bragman, K.; Weber, J.N. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1997, 39, 771.
64. Klabe, R.M.; Bacheler, L.T.; Ala, P.J.; Erickson-Viitanen, S.; Meek, J.L.; Biochemistry, 1998, 37, 8735.
65. Beaulieu, P.L.; Lavallee, P.; Abraham, A.; Anderson, P.C.; Boucher, C.; Bousquet, Y.; Duceppe, J-S.; Gillard, J.; Gorys, V.; Grand-Maitre, C.; Grenier, L.; Guindon, Y.; Guse, I.; Plamondon, L.; Soucy, F.; Valois, S.; Wernic, D.; Yoakim, C. J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 3440.
66. Yuasa, Y.; Yuasa Y.; Tsuruta, H. Synth. Commun., 1998, 28, 395.
67. Ng, J.S.; Przybyla, C.A.; Liu, C.; Yen, J.C.; Muellner F.W.; Weyker, C.L. Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 6397.
68. Rieger, D.L. J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 8546.
69. Kempf, D.J.; Marsh, K.C.; Paul, D.A.; Knigge, M.F.; Norbeck, D.W.; Kohlbrenner, W.E.; Codacovi, L.; Vasavanonda, S.; Bryant, P.; Wang, X.C.; Wideburg, N.E.; Clement, J.J.; Plattner, J.J.; Erickson, J. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1991, 35, 2209.
70. Mitoguchi, T.; Nakata, S.; Enomoto, H.; Kimura, T.; Akaji, K.; Hattori, N.; Kato, R.; Mimoto, T.; Kiso, Y. Peptide Chemistry, 1995, 1996, 373.
71. Kiso, Y. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn., 1998, 56, 896.
72. Kiso, Y.; Yamaguchi, S.; Matsumoto, H.; Mimoto, T.; Kato, R.; Nojima, S.; Takaku, H.; Fukkazawa, T.; Kimura, T.; Akaji, K. Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem., 1998, 331, 87.
73. Tait, B.D.; Hagen, S.; Domagala, J.; Ellsworth, E.L.; Gajda, C.; Hamilton, H.W.; Vara Prasad, J.V.N.; Ferguson, D.; Graham, N.; Hupe, D.; Nouhan, C.; Tummino, P.T.; Humblet, C.; Lunney, E.A.; Pavlovsky, A.; Rubin, J.; Gracheck, S.J.; Baldwin, E.T.; Bhat, T.N.; Erickson, J.W.; Gulnik, S.V.; Liu, B. J. Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 3781.
74. Han, Q.; Chang, C-H.; Li, R.; Ru, Y.; Jadhav, P.K.; Lam, P.Y.S. ibid., 1998, 41, 2019.
75. Kaltenbach III, R.F.; Nugiel, D.A.; Lam, P.Y.S.; Klabe, R.M.; Seitz, S.P. ibid., 1998, 41, 5113.
76. Jadhav, P.K.; Ala, P.; Woener, F.J.; Chang, C-H.; Garber, S.S.; Anton, E.D.; Bacheler, L.T. ibid., 1997, 40, 181.
77. Nugiel, D.A.; Jacobs, K.; Cornelius, L.; Chang, C-H.; Jadhav, P.K.; Holler, E.R.; Klabe, R.M.; Bacheler, L.T.; Cordova, B.; Garber, S.; Reid, C.; Logue, K.A.; Gorey-Feret, L.J.; Lam, G.N.; Erickson-Vittanen, S.; Seitz, S.P. ibid., 1997, 40, 1465.
78. Wilkerson, W.W.; Dax, S., Cheatham, W.W. ibid., 1997, 40, 4079.
79. De Lucca, G.V.; Kim, U.T.; Liang, J.; Cordova, B.; Klabe, R.M.; Garber, S.; Bacheler, L.T.; Lam, G.N.; Wright, M.R.; Logue, K.A.; Erickson-Vittanen, S.; Ko, S.S.; Trainor, G.L. ibid., 1998, 41, 2411.
80. Wilkerson, W.W.; Akamike, E.; Cheatham, W.W.; Hollis, A.Y.; Collins, R.D.; DeLucca, I; Lam, P.Y.S.; Ru, Y. ibid., 1996, 39, 4299.
81. Dax, S.L.; Cook, S.C. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1996, 6, 797.
82. Hodge, C.N.; Aldrich, P.E.; Bacheler, L.T.; Chang, C-H.; Eyermann, C.J.; Garber, S.; Grubb, M.; Jackson, D.A.; Jadhav, P. K.; Korant, B.; Lam, P.Y.S.; Maurin, M.B.; Meek, J.L.; Otto, M.J.; Rayner, M.M.; Reid, C.; Sharpe, T.R.; Shum, L.; Winslow, D.L.; Erickson-Viitanen, S. Chemistry and Biology, 1996, 3, 301.
83. Ala, P.J.; DeLoskey, R.J.; Huston, E.E.; Jadhav, P.K.; Lam, P.Y.S.; Eyermann, C.J.; Hodge, C.N.; Schadt, M.C.; Lewandowski, F.A.; Weber, P.C.; McCabe, D.D.; Duke, J.L.; Chang, C-H. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 12325.
84. De Lucca, G.V.; Erickson-Viitanen, S.; Lam, P.Y.S. Drug Discovery Today, 1997, 2, 6.
85. Lam, P.Y.S.; Rodgers, J.D.; Li, R.; Jadhav, P.K.; Clark, C.G.; Hodge, C.N.; Markwalder, J.A.; Bacheler, L.T.; Klabe, R.M.; Garber S.; Chang., C.-H.; "Rational Molecular Design in Drug Research", Alfred Benzon symposium 42, pages 325-337, Editors: Tommy Lieljefors, Flemming Steen Jorgensen, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1998.
86. Thaisrivongs, S.; Tomich, P.K.; Watenpaugh, K.D.; Chong, K.T.; Howe, W.J.; Yang, C.P.; Strohbach, J.W.; Turner, S.R.; McGrath, J.P.; Bohanon, M.J.; Lynn, J.C.; Mulichak, A.M.; Spinelli, P.A.; Hinshaw, R.R.; Pagano, P.J.; Moon, J.B.; Ruwart, M.J.; Wilkinson, K.F.; Rush, B.D.; Zipp, G. L.; Dalga, R. J.; Schwende, F. J.; Howard, G.M.; Padbury, G.E.; Toth, L.N.; Zhao, Z.; Koeplinger, K.A.; Kakuk, T.J.; Cole, S.L.; Zaya, R.M.; Piper, R.C.; Jeffrey, P. J. Med. Chem., 1994, 37, 3200.
87. Thaisrivongs, S.; Watenpaugh, K.D.; Howe, W.J.; Tomich, P.K.; Dolak, L.A.; Chong, K-T.; Tomich, C-S.C.; Tomasselli, A.G.; Turner, S.R.; Strohbach, J.W.; Mulichak, A.M.; Janakiraman, M.N.; Moon, J.B.; Lynn, J.C.; Horng, M-M.; Hinshaw, R.R.; Curry, K.A.; Rothrock, D.J. ibid., 1995, 38, 3624.
88. Thaisrivongs, S.; Janakiraman, M.N.; Chong, K.-T.; Tomich, P.K.; Dolak, L.A.; Turner, S.R.; Strohbach, J.W.; Lynn, J.C.; Horng, M.-M.; Hinshaw, R.R.; Watenpaugh, K.D. ibid., 1996, 39, 2400.
89. Thaisrivongs, S.; Skulnick, H.I.; Turner, S.R.; Strohbach, J.W.; Tommasi, R.A.; Johnson, P.D.; Aristoff, P.A.; Judge, T.M.; Gammill, R.B.; Morris, J.K.; Romines, K.R.; Chrusciel, R.A.; Hinshaw, R.R.; Chong, K-T.; Tarpley, W.G.; Poppe, S.M.; Slade, D.E.; Lynn, J.C.; Horng, M-M.; Tomich, P.K.; Seest, E.P.; Dolak, L.A.; Howe, W.J.; Howard, G.M.; Schwende, F.J.; Toth, L.N.; Padbury, G.E.; Wilson, G.J.; Shiou, L.; Zipp, G.L.; Wilkinson, K.F.; Rush, B.D.; Ruwart, M.J.; Koeplinger, K.A.; Zhao, Z.; Cole, S.; Zaya, R.M.; Kakuk, T.J.; Janakiraman M.N.; Watenpaugh, K.D. ibid., 1996, 39, 4349.
90. Hagen, S.E.; Vara Prasad, J.V.N.; Boyer, F.E.; Domagala, J.M.; Ellsworth, E.L.; Gajda, C.; Hamilton, H.W.; Markoski, L.J.; Steinbaugh, B.A.; Tait, B.D.; Lunney, E.A.; Tummino, P.J.; Ferguson, D.; Hupe, D.; Nouhan, C.; Gracheck, S.J.; Saunders J.M.; VanderRoest, S. ibid., 1997, 40, 3707.
91. Tait, B.D.; Hagen, S.; Domagala, J.; Ellsworth, E.L.; Gajda, C.; Hamilton, H.W.; Vara Prasad, J.V.N.; Ferguson, D.; Graham, N.; Hupe, D.; Nouhan, C.; Tummino, P.J.; Humbelt, C.; Lunney, E.A.; Pavlovsky, A.; Rubin, J.; Gracheck, S.J.; Baldwin, E.T.; Bhat, T.N.; Erickson, J.W.; Gulnik, S.V.; Liu, B. ibid., 1997, 40, 3781.
92. Kim, C.U.; McGee, L.R.; Krawczyk, S.H.; Harwood, E.; Harada, Y.; Swaminathan, S.; Bischofberger, N.; Chen, M.S.; Cherrington, J.M.; Xiong, S.F.; Griffin, L.; Cundy, K.C.; Lee, A.; Yu, B.; Gulnik, S.; Erickson, J.W.; ibid., 1996, 39, 3431.
93. De Lucca, G.V.; Liang, J.; Aldrich, P.E.; Calabrese, J.; Cordova, B.; Klabe, R.M.; Rayner, M.M.; Chang, C-H. ibid., 1997, 40, 1707.
94. Carrillo, A.; Stewart, K. D.; Sham, H. L.; Norbeck, D.W.; Kohlbrenner, W.E.; Leonard, J.M.; Kempf, D.J.; Molla, A. J. Virol., 1998, 72, 7532.
95. Boden, D.; Markowitz, V. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1998, 42, 2775.
96. Mimoto, T.; Kato, R.; Takaku, H.; Nojima, S.; Terashima, K.; Misawa, S.; Fukazawa, T.; Ueno, T.; Sato, H.; Shintani, M.; Kiso, Y.; Hayashi, H. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 1789.
97. Turner, S.R.; Strohbach, J.W.; Tommasi, R.A.; Aristoff, P.A.; Johnson, P.D.; Skulnick, H.I.; Dolak, L.A.; Seest, E.P.; Tomich, P.K.; Bohanan, M.J.; Horng, M-M.; Lynn, J.C.; Chong, K-T.; Hinshaw, R.R.; Watenpaugh, K.D.; Janakiraman, M.N.; Thaisrivongs, S. ibid., 1998, 41, 3467.
98. Mimoto, T.; Imai, J.; Tanaka, S.; Hattori, N.; Takahashi, O.; Kisanuki, S.; Nagano, Y.; Shintani, M.; Hayashi, H.; Sakikawa, H.; Akaji, K.; Kiso, Y. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1991, 39, 2465.
99. Mimoto, T.; Imai, J.; Tanaka, S.; Hattori, N.; Kisanuki, S.; Akaji, K.; Kiso, Y. ibid., 1991, 39, 3088.
100. Mimoto, T.; Hattori, N.; Takaku, H.; Kisanuki, S.; Fukazawa, T.; Terashima, K.; Kato, R.; Nojima, S.; Misawa, S.; Ueno, T.; Imai, J.; Enomoto, H.; Tanaka, S.; Sakikawa, H.; Shintani, M.; Hayashi, H.; Kiso, Y. ibid., 2000, 48, 1310-1326.
101. Ohno, Y.; Kiso Y.; Kobayashi, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1996, 4, 1565.
102. Baldwin, E.T.; Bhat, T.N.; Gulnik, S.; Liu, B.; Topol, I.A.; Kiso, Y.; Mimoto, T.; Mitsuya, H.; Erickson, J.W. Structure, 1995, 3, 581.
103. Doi, M.; Ishida, T.; Katsuya, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Taniguchi, T.; Hasegawa, H.; Mimoto, T.; Kiso, Y. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C: Cryst. Struct. Commun., 2001, 57, 1333.
104. Yamaguchi, S.; Mitoguchi, T.; Nakata, S.; Kimura, T.; Akaji, K.; Nojima, S.; Takaku, H.; Mimoto T.; Kiso, Y. Peptide Chemistry, 1997, 1996, 29.
105. Kiso, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Mizumoto, S.; Kimura, T.; Fujiwara, Y.; Akaji, K. Biopolymers, 1999, 51, 59.
106. Bekhit, A.A.; Matsumoto, H.; Abdel-Rahman, H.M.; Mimoto, T.; Nojima, S.; Takaku, H., Kimura, T.; Akaji, K.; Kiso. Y. "Peptide Science-Present and Future", Proceedings of the 1st International Peptide Symposium, edited by Y. Shimonishi, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, pp 660-661.
107. Abdel-Rahman, H.M.; Matsumoto, H.; Bekhit, A.A.; Mimoto, T.; Nojima, S.; Takaku, H.; Kimura, T.; Akaji, K.; Kiso,Y. "Peptide Science-Present and Future". Proceedings of the 1st International Peptide Symposium, Edited by Y. Shimonishi, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, pp 662-664.
108. Abdel-Rahman, H.M.; Al-Karamany, G.S.; El-Koussi, N.A.; Youssef, A.F.; Kiso, Y.; Proceedings of the 2nd Assiut University Pharmaceutical Sciences Conference, Assiut University, Assiut, 2000, Abstract No. 105.
109. Matsumoto, H.; Hamawaki, T.; Ota, H.; Kimura, T.; Goto, T.; Sano, K.; Hayashi, Y.; Kiso, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2000, 10, 1227.
110. Kimura, T.; Matsumoto, H.; Matsuda, T.; Hamawaki, T.; Akaji, K.; Kiso, Y.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 803.
111. Matsumoto, H.; Kimura, T.; Hamawaki, T.; Kumagai, A.; Goto, T.; Sano, K.; Hayashi, Y.; Kiso, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2001, 9, 1589.
112. Matsumoto, H.; Matsuda, T.; Nakata, S.; Mitoguchi, T.; Kimura, T.; Hayashi, Y.; Kiso, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2001, 9, 417.
113. Matsumoto, H.; Sohma, Y.; Kimura, T.; Hayashi, Y.; Kiso, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2001, 11, 605.