The age of the Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada: Single zircon U-Pb age determinations from reworked volcanic ash

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 1085-1091

  Fralick, Philip ^a   Davis, Don W ^a   Kissin, Stephen A ^a  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; LAKES; RAIN; STORMS; URANIUM COMPOUNDS; VOLCANIC ROCKS; ZIRCON DEPOSITS;

MICROFOSSILS; VOLCANOELASTIC BEDS;

EXPLORATORY GEOCHEMISTRY;

BACKARC BASIN; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PROTEROZOIC; URANIUM SERIES DATING; VOLCANIC ASH; ZIRCON;

CANADA;

EID: 0036025720     PISSN: 00084077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/e02-028     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Awramik, S.M. 1976. Gunflint stromatolites: microfossil distribution in relation to stromatolite morphology. In Stromatolites. Edited by M.R. Walter, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 311-320.
2. Barghoorn, E.S., and Tyler, S.A. 1965. Microorganisms from the Gunflint chert. Science(Washington, D.C.), 147: 563-577.
3. Barovich, K.M., Patchett, P.J., Peterman, Z.E., and Sims, P.K. 1989. Nd isotopes and the origin of 1.9-1.7 Ga. Penokean continental crust of the Lake Superior region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101: 333-338.
4. Bell, R. 1870. Report on Lakes Superior and Nipigon: Geological Survey of Canada. Report for 1866-1869, pp. 313-364.
5. Davis, D.W. 1982. Optimum linear regression and error estimation applied to U-Pb data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19: 2141-2149.
6. Edhorn, A-S. 1973. Further investigations from the Animikie, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Proceedings of the Geological Association of Canada, 25: 37-66.
7. Faure, G., and Kovach, J. 1969. The age of the Gunflint iron formation of the Animikie Series in Ontario, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80: 1725-1736.
8. Fralick, P.W., and Barrett, T.J. 1995. Depositional controls on iron formation associations in Canada. In Sedimentary facies analysis. Edited by A.G. Plint. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication No. 22, pp. 137-156.
9. Franklin, J.M. 1978. The Animikie Group, Ontario. In Rubidium-Strontium isotopic age studies, Report 2, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 77-14, pp. 35-39.
10. Franklin, J.M., McIlwaine, W.H., Shegelski, R.J., Mitchell, R.H., and Platt, R.G. 1982. Proterozoic geology of the northern Lake Superior area. Geological Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Man., 1982, Fieldtrip 4 Guidebook.
11. Gerlach, D.C., Shirey, S.B., and Carlson, R.W. 1988. Nd isotopes in Proterozoic iron formations: evidence for mixed age provenance and depositional variability. EOS, 69: 1515.
12. Grout, F.F., and Broderick, T.M. 1919. Organic structures in the Biwabik iron-bearing formation of the Huronianin in Minnesota. American Journal of Science, 48: 199-205.
13. Han, T-M., and Runnegar, B. 1992. Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old Negaunee iron-formation, Michigan. Science (Washington, D.C.), 257: 232-235.
14. Hassler, S.W., and Simonson, B.M. 1989. Deposition and alteration of volcaniclastic strata in two large, early Proterozoic iron-formations in Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 26: 1574-1585.
15. Hemming, S.R., McLennan, S.M., and Hanson, G.N., Krogstad, E.K., and Mezger, K. 1990. Pb isotope systematics in quartz. EOS, 71: 654-655.
16. Hemming, S.R., McLennan, S.M., and Hanson, G.N. 1995. Geochemical and Nd/Pb isotopic evidence for the provenance of the Early Proterozoic Virginia Formation, Minnesota. Implications for the tectonic setting of the Animikie Basin. The Journal of Geology, 103: 147-168.
17. Hoffman, P.F. 1987. Early Proterozoic foredeeps, foredeep magmatism, and Superior-type iron-formations of the Canadian Shield. In Proterozoic lithospheric evolution. Edited by A. Kroner. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series, 17, pp. 85-98.
18. Hurley, P.M., Fairbairn, H.W., Pinson, W.H., and Howler, J. 1962. Unmetamorphosed minerals in the Gunflint Formation used to test the age of the Animikie. Journal of Geology, 70: 489-492.
19. 238U. Physical Review, 4: 1889-1906.
20. Kissin, S.A., and Fralick, P.W. 1994. Early Proterozoic volcanics of the Animikie Group, Ontario and Michigan, and their tectonic significance. Proceedings of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology, 40: 18-19.
21. Klasner, J.S., Ojakangas, R.W.,.Schulz, K.J., and LaBerge, G.L. 1991. Nature and style of deformation in the foreland of the Early Proterozoic Penokean Orogen, northern Michigan. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 1904K.
22. Krogh, T.E. 1973. A low contamination method for hydrothermal decomposition of zircon and extraction of U and Pb for isotopic age determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37: 485-494.
23. Krogh, T.E. 1982. Improved accuracy of U-Pb zircon ages by the creation of more concordant systems using an air abrasion technique. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46: 637-649.
24. Moorhouse, W.W., and Beales, F.W. 1962. Fossils from the Animikie, Port Arther, Ontario. Royal Society of Canada Transactions, 56: 97-110.
25. Morey, G.B., and Southwick, D.L. 1995. Allostratigraphic relationships of early Proterozoic iron-formations in the Lake Superior Region. Economic Geology, 90: 1983-1993.
26. Ojakangas, R.W. 1983. Tidal deposits in the Early Proterozoic basin of the Lake Superior region-The Palms and Pokegama Formations: Evidence for subtidal-shelf deposition of Superior-type banded iron-formation. In Early Proterozoic geology of the Great Lakes region. Edited by L.G. Medaris. Geological Society of America, Memoir 160, pp. 49-66.
27. Peterman, Z.E. 1966. Rb-Sr dating of Middle Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks of Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 77: 1031-1043.
28. Pufahl, P.K., and Fralick, P.W. 1995. Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Gunflint-Mesabi-Cuyuna depositional system: a basin analysis approach. In Proceedings of the Institute of Lake Superior Geology, 41. pp. 59-60.
29. Pufahl, P.K. 1996. Stratigraphic architecture of a Paleoproterozoic iron formation depositional system: the Gunflint, Mesabi and Cuyuna iron ranges. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ont.
30. Pufahl, P.K., and Fralick, P.W. 2000. Depositional environments of the Paleoproterozoic Gunflint Formation. Proceedings of the Institute of Lake Superior Geology, 46, Part 2.
31. Shegelski, R.J. 1982. The Gunflint Formation in the Thunder Bay area. In Proterozoic geology of the northern Lake Superior area. Edited by J.M. Franklin et al. Geological Association of Canada, Annual meeting Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1982, Field Trip Guidebook 4, pp. 15-31.
32. Sims, P.K., Peterman, Z.E., and Schult, K.J. 1985. Dunbar gneiss-granitoid dome; implications for Proterozoic tectonic evolution of northern Wisconsin. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96: 1101-1112.
33. Sims, P.K., Van Schmus, W.R., Schulz, K.J., and Peterman, Z.E. 1989. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean Orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 26: 2145-2158.
34. Southwick, D.L., and Morey, G.B. 1991. Tectonic imbrication and foredeep development in the Penokean Orogen, east-central Minnesota - an interpretation based on regional geophysics and the results of test-drilling. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 1904C.
35. Stille, P., and Clauer, N. 1986. Sm-Nd isochron age and provenance of the argillites of the Gunflint iron formation in Ontario, Canada. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50: 1141-1146.
36. Tyler, S.A., and Barghoorn, E.S. 1954. Occurrence of structurally preserved plants in Precambrian rocks of the Canadian Shield. Science (Washington, D.C.), 199: 606-608.
37. Ueng, W.C., Fox, T.P., Larue, D.K., and Wilband, J.T. 1988. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the early Proterozoic Hemlock volcanic rocks and the Kiernan sills, southern Lake Superior region. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25: 528-546.