Biochemistry, regulation and genomics of haem biosynthesis in prokaryotes

Advances in Microbial Physiology

Volumn 46, Issue , 2002, Pages 257-318

  O'Brian, Mark R ^a   Thöny Meyer, Linda ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 AMINOLEVULINATE SYNTHASE; COPROPORPHYRINOGEN; COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; CYTOCHROME C; FERROCHELATASE; HEME; HEME DERIVATIVE; IRON; MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME; OXYGEN; PORPHOBILINOGEN; PORPHOBILINOGEN DEAMINASE; PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE; PROTOPORPHYRIN; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; TETRAPYRROLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UROPORPHYRINOGEN; UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE; UROPORPHYRINOGEN III SYNTHASE;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIUM MUTANT; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHELATION; DESULFOVIBRIO VULGARIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENOME; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; OXYGEN TENSION; PROKARYOTE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; ARCHAEBACTERIUM; ENZYMOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); DESULFOVIBRIO; DESULFOVIBRIO VULGARIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EUKARYOTA; HAEMOPHILUS; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; PROKARYOTA; RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM;

ARCHAEA; CYTOCHROME C GROUP; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HEME; OXIDATION-REDUCTION;

EID: 0035985617     PISSN: 00652911     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2911(02)46006-7     Document Type: Review

References (305)

1. 3 in a strictly anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris
2. Crystal structure of ferrochelatase: The terminal enzyme in heme biosynthesis
3. Mutation of a putative mitochondrial iron transporter gene (ABC7) in X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia (XLSA/A)
4. Purification and properties of uroporphyrinogen III synthase (co-synthase) from an overproducing recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K-12
5. The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria
6. Identification of the enzymatic basis for δ-aminolevulinic acid auxotrophy in a hemA mutant of Escherichia coli
7. Cloning and expression of a structural gene from Chlorobium vibrioforme that complements the hemA mutation in Escherichia coli
8. Stimulation of tetrapyrrole formation in Rhizobium japonicum by restricted aeration
9. Identification of ccdA in Paracoccus pantotrophus GB 17: Disruption of ccdA causes complete deficiency in c-type cytochromes
10. Formation of an Iso-l-cytochrome c-like species containing a covalently bonded heme group from the apoprotein by a yeast cell-free system in the presence of hemin
11. Genetics, physiology and evolutionary relationships of the genus Buchnera: Intracellular symbionts of aphids
12. Tetrapyrrole metabolism in photosynthetic organisms
13. Purification and spectral characterization of a b-type cytochrome from the plasma membrane of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
14. Four genes are required for the system II cytochrome c biogenesis pathway in Bordetella pertussis, a unique bacterial model
15. Cytochromes c biogenesis in a photosynthetic bacterium requires a periplasmic thioredoxin-like protein
16. Bacterial cytochromes c biogenesis
17. The putative iron-responsive element in the human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase mRNA mediates translational control
18. Isolation of a Rhodobacter capsulatus mutant that lacks c-type cytochromes and excretes porphyrins
19. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12
20. Anaerobic protoporphyrin biosynthesis does not require incorporation of methyl groups from methionine
21. Bacillus subtilis contains multiple Fur homologs: Identification of the iron uptake (Fur) and peroxide regulon (PerR) repressors
22. ISTI insertional inactivation of the resB gene: Implication for phenotype switching in Thiobacillusferrooxidans
23. The leucine-responsive regulatory protein, a global regulator of metabolism in Escherichia coli
24. Characterization of plant and yeast protoporphyrinogen oxidase: Molecular target of diphenyl ether type herbicides
25. Purification and properties of protoporphyrinogen oxidase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondrial location and evidence for a precursor form of the protein
26. c-type cytochromes and manganese oxidation in Pseudomonas putida MnB1
27. Respiratory chains in the last common ancestor of living organisms
28. Bradyrhizobium japonicum δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase is essential for symbiosis with soybean and contains a novel metal-binding domain
29. A mutant Bradyrhizobium japonicum δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase with an altered metal requirement functions in situ for tetrapyrrole synthesis in soybean root nodules
30. Transcriptional regulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase synthesis by oxygen in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and evidence for developmental control of the hemB gene
31. Metals control activity and expression of the heme biosynthesis enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
32. Identification of amino acid changes affecting yeast uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity by sequencing analysis of heml2 mutant alleles
33. Transfer of electrons across the cytoplasmic membrane by DsbD, a membrane protein involved in thiol-disulphide exchange and protein folding in the bacterial periplasm
34. Antibody-catalyzed porphyrin metallation
35. Oxidase and periplasmic cytochrome assembly in Escherichia coli K-12: CydDC and CcmAB are not required for haem-membrane association
36. A putative anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. I. Molecular cloning, transposon mutagenesis and sequence analysis of the gene
37. The biogenesis of c-type cytochromes in Escherichia coli requires a membrane-bound protein. DipZ, with a protein disulphide isomerase-like domain
38. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase of Myxococcus xanthus-expression, purification and characterization of the cloned enzyme
39. Characteristics of human protoporphyrinogen oxidase in controls and variegate porphyrias
40. Ferrochelatase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: Substrate specificity and role of sulfhydryl and arginyl residues
41. Human ferrochelatase is an iron-sulfur protein
42. Ferrochelatase at the millennium: Structures, mechanisms and [2Fe-2S] clusters
43. Identification of an FAD superfamily containing protoporphyrinogen oxidases, monoamine oxidases and phytoene desaturase. Expression and characterization of phytoene desaturase of Myxococcus xanthus
44. Effect of heme and oxygen availability on hemA gene expression in Escherichia coli: Role of the fnr, arcA, and himA gene products
45. Cascade regulation of nif gene expression in Rhizobium meliloti
46. 3-type cytochrome c oxidases of Paracoccus denitrificans reveals significant differences in proton-pump design
47. The cytochrome c maturation operon is involved in manganese oxidation in Pseudomonas putida GB-1
48. The complete genome of the hyperthermophilie bacterium Aquifex aeolicus
49. Molecular cloning of the cytochrome aa3 gene from the archaeon (Archaebacterium) Halobacterium halobium
50. 3
51. Two different zinc sites in bovine 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase distinguished by extended X-ray absorption fine structure
52. Novel Rhodobacter capsulatus genes required for the biogenesis of various c-type cytochromes
53. Cloning and analysis of the Neurospora crassa cytochrome c heme lyase
54. Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome XI
55. Identification and sequence of the gene encoding cytochrome c heme lyase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
56. Coupling of heme attachment to import of cytochrome c into yeast mitochondria. Studies with heme lyase-deficient mitochondria and altered apocytochromes c
57. Role of cytochrome c heme lyase in mitochondrial import and accumulation of cytochrome c in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
58. 552 nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli
59. Crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of native and selenomethionine CcmG (CycY, DsbE)
60. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
61. Cloning, genetic characterization and nucleotide sequence of the hemA-prfA operon of Salmonella typhimurium
62. Transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid by the dipeptide permease in Salmonella typhimurium
63. X-ray structure of 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, a hydrid aldolase
64. X-ray structure of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from Escherichia coli complexed with the inhibitor levulinic acid at 2.0 Å resolution
65. Opening the iron box: Transcriptional metalloregulation by the Fur protein
66. The active-site cysteines of the periplasmic thioredoxin-like protein CcmG of Escherichia coli are important but not essential for cytochrome c maturation
67. Characterization of the Escherichia coli CcmH protein reveals new insights into the redox pathway required for cytochrome c maturation
68. Periplasmic protein thiol:disulphide oxidoreductases of Escherichia coli
69. Control of hemA expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: Effect of a transposon insertion in the hbdA gene
70. Mammalian ferrochelatase, a new addition to the metalloenzyme family
71. Genetic regulation of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia
72. One of two hemN genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum is functional during anaerobic growth and in symbiosis
73. 2+-dependent porphobilinogen synthase
74. Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains a novel type V porphobilinogen synthase with no required catalytic metal ions
75. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi
76. Complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete
77. Biochemistry of coenzyme F430, a nickel porphinoid involved in methanogenesis
78. Characterization of a Bradyrhizobium japonicum ferrochelatase mutant and isolation of the hemH gene
79. Analysis of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum hemH gene and its expression in Escherichia coli
80. The Escherichia coli visA gene encodes ferrochelatase, the final enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway
81. Cloning and sequencing of some genes responsible for porphyrin biosynthesis from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium josui
82. Halobacterium halobium cytochrome b-558 and cytochrome b-562: Purification and some properties
83. A cytochrome c biogenesis gene involved in pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400
84. Different residues in periplasmic domains of the CcmC inner membrane protein of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 are critical for cytochrome c biogenesis and pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake
85. 3 in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
86. The composite genome of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti
87. Characterization of a quinol-oxidase activity in crude extracts of Thermoplasma acidophilum and isolation of an 18-kDa cytochrome
88. A putative anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. II. Analysis of a region of the genome encoding hemF and the puc operon
89. ABC transporters associated with cytochrome c biogenesis
90. Use of heme reporters for studies of cytochrome biosynthesis and heme transport
91. Molecular and immunological analysis of an ABC transporter complex required for cytochrome c biogenesis
92. Transmembrane heme delivery systems
93. Activity and cellular location in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of chimeric mouse/yeast and Bacillus subtilis/yeast ferrochelatases
94. Escherichia coli DipZ: Anatomy of a transmembrane protein disulphide reductase in which three pairs of cysteine residues, one in each of three domains, contribute differentially to function
95. Escherichia coli K-12 genes essential for the synthesis of c-type cytochromes and a third nitrate reductase located in the periplasm
96. Bacterial δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase is not essential for leghemoglobin formation in the soybean/Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis
97. Four different b-type cytochromes in the halophilic archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium
98. The bacterial Irr protein is required for coordination of heme biosynthesis with iron availability
99. Fur-independent regulation of iron metabolism by Irr in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
100. Cloning and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis hemEHY gene cluster, which encodes protoheme IX biosynthetic enzymes
101. Purification and characterization of a water-soluble ferrochelatase from Bacillus subtilis
102. The Bacillus subtilis hemAXCDBL gene cluster, which encodes enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway from glutamate to uroporphyrinogen III
103. Effect of biosynthetic manipulation of heme on insolubility of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in Escherichia coli
104. Assembly of cytochrome c. Apocytochrome c is bound to specific sites on mitochondria before its conversion to holocytochrome c
105. Crystal structure of glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminomutase: An alpha2- dimeric vitamin B6-dependent enzyme with asymmetry in structure and active site reactivity
106. Molecular control of vertebrate iron metabolism: mRNA-based regulatory circuits operated by iron, nitric oxide and oxidative stress
107. The purification and properties of uroporphyrinogen I synthases and uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase
108. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis hemN
109. Cis/trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids of Pseudomonas putida P8: Evidence for a heme protein of the cytochrome c type
110. Transcriptional control of Bacillus subtilis hemN and hemZ
111. 6
112. Biosynthesis of cytochrome f in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Analysis of the pathway in gabaculine-treated cells and in the heme attachment mutant B6
113. Sequence analysis and expression of the Salmonella typhimurium asr operon encoding production of hydrogen sulfide from sulfite
114. The Escherichia coli hemL gene encodes glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase
115. Light regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis at the level of 5-aminolevulinate formation in Arabidopsis
116. Ccs 1, a nuclear gene required for the post-translational assembly of chloroplast c-type cytochromes
117. A primitive pathway of porphyrin biosynthesis and enzymology in Desulfovibrio vulgaris
118. Resolution of the aerobic respiratory system of the thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus sp. strain 7. III. The archaeal novel respiratory complex II (succinate: Caldariellaquinone oxidoreductase complex) inherently lacks heme groups
119. Nitrate, fumarate and oxygen as electron acceptors for a late step in microbial heme synthesis
120. Evidence for involvement of the electron transport system at a late step of anaerobic microbial heme synthesis
121. Protoporphyrinogen oxidation in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, a step in heme and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis
122. Protoporphyrinogen oxidation, an enzymatic step in heme and chlorophyll synthesis: Partial characterization of the reaction in plant organelles and comparison with mammalian and bacterial systems
123. Porphyrin accumulation and export by isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) plastids
124. The porphobilinogen synthase family of metalloenzymes
125. Two glutamyl-tRNA reductase activities in Escherichia coli
126. Purification and properties of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides
127. Nucleotide sequence for the hemD gene of Escherichia coli encoding uroporphyrinogen III synthase and initial evidence for a hem operon
128. Identification of a cysteine residue as the binding site for the dipyrromethane cofactor at the active site of Escherichia coli porphobilinogen deaminase
129. Plant δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Expression in soybean root nodules and evidence for a bacterial line-age of the Alad gene
130. Complete genome structure of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Mesorhizobium loti
131. The porphyrias
132. Rox1 mediated repression. Oxygen dependent repression in yeast
133. Transmembrane electron transfer by the membrane protein DsbD occurs via a disulfide bond cascade
134. Complete genome sequence of an aerobic hyper-thermophilic crenarchaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1
135. Archaeal adaptation to higher temperatures revealed by genomic sequence of Thermoplasma volcanium
136. Protoporphyrin formation in Rhizobium japonicum
137. Nucleotide sequence of the Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 branching enzyme gene (glgB): Expression in Bacillus subtilis
138. Identification of the lrp gene in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its role in regulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid uptake
139. Ntr and aspartokinase to regulate bacterial oligopeptide transport
140. Purification and properties of protoporphyrinogen oxidase from an anaerobic bacterium, Desulfovibrio gigas
141. Cytochrome biogenesis
142. Molecular mechanisms of cytochrome c biogenesis: Three distinct systems
143. DsbD-catalyzed transport of electrons across the membrane of Escherichia coli
144. The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis
145. Genes required for cytochrome c synthesis in Bacillus subtilis
146. Functional analysis of the hemK gene product involvement in protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in yeast
147. Structural and mechanistic basis of porphyrin metallation by ferrochelatase
148. Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene are resistant to diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen
149. Heme synthesis in Rhizobium. Identification of a cloned gene coding for δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase from Rhizobium meliloti
150. Overexpression of plastidic protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase leads to resistance to the diphenyl-ether herbicide acifluorfen
151. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli
152. Cloning and structure of the hemA gene of Escherichia coli K-12
153. Toward an efficient DNAzyme
154. Import of cytochrome c heme lyase into mitochondria: A novel pathway into the intermembrane space
155. Catalase HPII of Escherichia coli catalyzes the conversion of protoheme to cisheme d
156. Structure of porphobilinogen deaminase reveals a flexible multidomain polymerase with a single catalytic site
157. Novel prenylated hemes as cofactors of cytochrome oxidases. Archaea have modified hemes A and O
158. The purified SoxABCD quinol oxidase complex of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains a novel haem
159. Order of uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylation on incubation of porphobilinogen and uroporphyrinogen III with erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
160. Mutants that alter the covalent structure of catalase hydroperoxidase II from Escherichia coli
161. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase as a molecular target for diphenyl ether herbicides
162. Location of ferrochelatase activity within mature pea chloroplasts
163. Biosynthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Study of the transamination mechanism using specifically labeled glutamate
164. Translocation of apocytochrome c across the outer membrane of mitochondria
165. Intermolecular nitrogen transfer in the enzymic conversion of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinic acid by extracts of Chlorella vulgaris
166. The rhizobial hemA gene is required for symbiosis in species with deficient δ-aminolevulinic acid uptake activity
167. Translational control of 5-aminolevulinate synthase mRNA by iron-responsive elements in erythroid cells
168. Effects of mutations in genes for proteins involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm on the activities of anaerobically induced electron transfer chains in Escherichia coli K12
169. Protein folding in the bacterial periplasm
170. Porphobilinogen synthase from Escherichia coli is a Zn(II) metalloenzyme stimulated by Mg(II)
171. Isolation and characterization of visible light-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli K12
172. Reduction of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by antisense RNA expression affects activities of other enzymes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and leads to light-dependent necrosis
173. Biosynthesis and functional role of haem O and haem A
174. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa homologs of hemC and hemD are linked to the gene encoding the regulator of mucoidy AlgR
175. Porphyrin metallation catalyzed by a small RNA molecule
176. Photosensitivity of a protoporphyrin-accumulating, light-sensitive mutant (visA) of Escherichia coli K-12
177. Cloning and sequencing of a previously unidentified gene that is involved in the biosynthesis of heme in Escherichia coli
178. Quaternary structure of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase from Rhodopseudomonas spaeroides
179. Oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX in Escherichia coli is mediated by the aerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidase
180. 5-Aminolevulinic acid availability and control of spectral complex formation in hemA and hemT mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides
181. Expression of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides hemA and hemT genes, encoding two 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase isozymes
182. The leucine-Lrp regulon in E. coli: A global response in search of a raison d'etre
183. Genome sequence of Halobacterium species NRC-1
184. Import of cytochrome c into mitochondria: Reduction of heme, mediated by NADH and flavin nucleotides, is obligatory for its covalent linkage to apocytochrome c
185. Import of cytochrome c into mitochondria. Cytochrome c heme lyase
186. Role of cytochrome c heme lyase in the import of cytochrome c into mitochondria
187. 1 heme lyase and of the two proteolytic processing steps during import into mitochondria
188. Three new NifA-regulated genes in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiotic gene region discovered by competitive DNA-RNA hybridization
189. Cloning and sequencing of the hemE gene encoding uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UPD) from Escherichia coli K-12
190. COX10 codes for a protein homologous to the ORF1 product of Paracoccus denitrificans and is required for the synthesis of yeast cytochrome oxidase
191. Human hereditary porphyrias
192. Heme synthesis in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis: A palette for bacterial and eukaryotic pigments
193. Heme biosynthesis and function in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis
194. Bacterial heme synthesis is required for expression of the leghemoglobin holoprotein, but not the apoprotein in soybean root nodules
195. Genes lost and genes found: Evolution of bacterial pathogenesis and symbiosis
196. Redox signaling: Globalization of gene expression
197. Interacting regulatory circuits involved in orderly control of photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1
198. 1 (nitrite reductase) from Paracoccus denitrificans
199. 1 are translocated to the periplasm of Paracoccus denitrificans in the absence of haem incorporation caused by either mutation or inhibition of haem synthesis
200. Oxygen control of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum hemA gene
201. Effect of iron availability on expression of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum hemA gene
202. The Paracoccus denitrificans ccmA, B and C genes: Cloning and sequencing and analysis of the potential of their products to form a haem or apo-c-type cytochrome transporter
203. Characterization of a 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase mutant of Azorhizobium caulinodans
204. Bradyrhizobium japonicum porphobilinogen synthase uses two Mg (II) and monovalent cations
205. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the high-molecular-weight cytochrome c from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough
206. Bacterial expression of a mitochondrial cytochrome c. Trimethylation of Lys72 in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c and the alkaline conformational transition
207. Lack of a role for iron in the Lyme disease pathogen
208. Genes for a microaerobically induced oxidase complex in Bradyrhizobium japonicum are essential for a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiosis
209. 3-type cytochrome oxidase terminates the symbiosis-specific respiratory chain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
210. Characteristics of murine protoporphyrinogen oxidase
211. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the pathway in Pantoea citrea leading to pink disease of pineapple
212. Interaction between the bacterial iron response regulator and ferrochelatase mediates genetic control of heme biosynthesis
213. Heme is an effector molecule for iron-dependent degradation of the bacterial iron response regulator (Irr) protein
214. Discovery and sequence analysis of bacterial genes involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes
215. The CcmE protein from Escherichia coli is a haem-binding protein
216. The Escherichia coli CcmG protein fulfils a specific role in cytochrome c assembly
217. Physical interaction of CcmC with heme and the heme chaperone CcmE during cytochrome c maturation
218. Structure and expression of the Chlorobium vibrioforme hemB gene and characterization of its encoded enzyme, porphobilinogen synthase
219. Heme-based sensors in biological systems
220. Structure of the gene for human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
221. Rat uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase cDNA: Nucleotide sequence and comparison to human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
222. Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemF and hemN by the dual action of the redox response regulators Anr and Dnr
223. Spectroscopic evidence for a porphobilinogen deaminase-tetrapyrrole complex that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III
224. Iron-sulfur clusters as biosensors of oxidants and iron
225. The genome sequence of the thermoacidophilic scavenger Thermoplasma acidophilum
226. In vitro heme O synthesis by the cyoE gene product from Escherichia coli
227. Specific thiol compounds complement deficiency in c-type cytochrome biogenesis in Escherichia coli carrying a mutation in a membrane-bound disulphide isomerase-like protein
228. Expression of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytochromes c in Escherichia coli
229. Evidence for an inter-organismic heme biosynthetic pathway in symbiotic soybean root nodules
230. Expression of a soybean gene encoding the tetrapyrrole synthesis enzyme glutamyl-tRNA reductase in symbiotic root nodules
231. Evidence that the plant host synthesizes the heme moiety of leghemoglobin in root nodules
232. Locus determining the synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid in Escherichia coli K-12
233. Hemin-deficient mutants of Salmonella typhimurium
234. Mapping of a new hem gene in Escherichia coli K12
235. Nucleotide sequence of the hemG gene involved in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity of Escherichia coli K 12
236. Bacillus subtilis CcdA defective mutants are blocked in a late step of cytochrome c biogenesis
237. Identification and characterization of the ccdA gene, required for cytochrome c synthesis in Bacillus subtilis
238. Transcription of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuO gene is regulated by iron and heme
239. Utilization of host iron sources by Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Identification of a gene whose product is homologous to eukaryotic heme oxygenases and is required for acquisition of iron from heme and hemoglobin
240. Characterization of the RNA required for biosynthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid from glutamate. Purification by anticodon-based affinity chromatography and determination that the UUC glutamate anticodon is a general requirement for function in ALA synthesis
241. The RNA required in the first step of chlorophyll biosynthesis is a chloroplast tRNA
242. Glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity in Bacillus subtilis is dependent on the hemA gene product
243. Interspecies complementation of Escherichia coli ccm mutants: CcmE (CycJ) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum acts as a heme chaperone during cytochrome c maturation
244. Prototype of a heme chaperone essential for cytochrome c maturation
245. Heme transfer to the heme chaperone CcmE during cytochrome c maturation requires the CcmC protein, which may function independently of the ABC-transporter CcmAB
246. New insights into the role of CcmC, CcmD, and CcmE in the haem delivery pathway during cytochrome c maturation by a complete mutational analysis of the conserved tryptophan-rich motif of CcmC
247. Early evolution of cytochrome bc complexes
248. Site-directed mutagenesis and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of the active site of porphobilinogen deaminase
249. Anaerobic and aerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidases of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Mechanism and stereochemistry of vinyl group formation
250. CCME, a nuclear-encoded heme-binding protein involved in cytochrome c maturation in plant mitochondria
251. Expression, purification and characterization of the product from the Bacillus subtilis hemD gene, uroporphyrinogen III synthase
252. Glu uncouples protein and chlorophyll biosynthesis
253. Cloning of hemA from Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and symbiotic phenotype of a gene-directed mutant in diverse legume genera
254. Heme binding to a conserved Cys-Pro-Val motif is crucial for the catalytic function of mitochondrial heme lyases
255. Oxidation-reduction properties of disulfide-containing proteins of the Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c biogenesis system
256. Six conserved cysteines of the membrane protein DsbD required for the transfer of electrons from the cytoplasm to the periplasm of Escherichia coli
257. Bacillus subtilis CtaA is a heme-containing membrane protein involved in heme A biosynthesis
258. Bacillus subtilis CtaA and CtaB function in haem A biosynthesis
259. Low-spin heme A in the heme A biosynthetic protein CtaA from Bacillus subtilis
260. Active site of 5-aminolevulinate synthase resides at the subunit interface. Evidence from in vivo heterodimer formation
261. Evidence for formation of two thioether bonds to link heme to apocytochrome c by partially purified cytochrome c synthetase
262. Haem-polypeptide interactions during cytochrome c maturation
263. Translocation to the periplasm and signal sequence cleavage of preapocytochrome c depend on sec and lep, but not on the ccm gene products
264. The ccoNOQP gene cluster codes for a cb-type cytochrome oxidase that functions in aerobic respiration of Rhodobacter capsulatus
265. Cytochrome c biogenesis in bacteria: A possible pathway begins to emerge
266. Escherichia coli genes required for cytochrome c maturation
267. 550 in Escherichia coli
268. Escherichia coli in-frame deletion mutants can produce periplasmic cytochrome b, but not cytochrome c
269. Accumulation of pre-apocytochrome f in a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 mutant impaired in cytochrome c maturation
270. Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli hemN gene encoding the oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
271. Cytochrome oxidase assembly in yeast requires the product of COX11, a homolog of the P. denitrificans protein encoded by ORF3
272. On the functions of the yeast COX10 and COX11 gene products
273. Availability of porphobilinogen controls appearance of porphobilinogen deaminase activity in Escherichia coli K-12
274. Formation of a cytochrome c-like species from horse apoprotein and hemin catalyzed by yeast mitochondrial cytochrome c synthetase
275. Role of the hemA gene product and δ-aminolevulinic acid in regulation of Escherichia coli heme synthesis
276. Isolation, nucleotide sequence and preliminary characterization of the Escherichia coli K-12 hemA gene
277. The periplasmic dipeptide permease system transports 5-aminolevulinic acid in Escherichia coli
278. On the specificity of cytochrome c synthetase in recognition of the amino acid sequence of apocytochrome c
279. Glu reductase in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase
280. Mechanism and regulation of Mg-chelatase
281. Conditional stability of the HemA protein (glutamyl-tRNA reductase) regulates heme biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium
282. A mutant HemA protein with positive charge close to the N terminus is stabilized against heme-regulated proteolysis in Salmonella typhimurium
283. Regulation of heme biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: Activity of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA) is greatly elevated during heme limitation by a mechanism which increases abundance of the protein
284. Investigation into the nature of substrate binding to the dipyrromethane cofactor of Escherichia coli porphobilinogen deaminase
285. The maddening business of King George III and porphyria
286. Separate physiological roles and subcellular compartments for two tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathways in Euglena gracilis
287. Crystal structure of human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
288. Phytobilin biosynthesis: The Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 heme oxygenase-encoding HO1 gene complements a phytochrome-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana HY1 mutant
289. Cloning of a potential cytochrome P450 from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus
290. The 2.0 A structure of human ferrochelatase, the terminal enzyme of heme biosynthesis
291. The plastid-encoded ccaA gene is required for heme attachment to chloroplast c-type cytochromes
292. A novel pathway for cytochromes c biogenesis in chloroplasts
293. Genetic analysis of chloroplast c-type cytochrome assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: One chloroplast locus and at least four nuclear loci are required for heme attachment
294. Cloning, DNA sequence and complementation analysis of the Salmonella typhimurium hemN gene encoding a putative oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
295. The genes required for heme synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium include those encoding alternative functions for aerobic and anaerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidation
296. A chromosomal locus required for copper resistance, competitive fitness and cytochrome c biogenesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens
297. Crystal structure of a thermophilic cytochrome P450 from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus
298. A novel mechanism for the regulation of photosynthesis gene expression by the TspO outer membrane protein of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1
299. High affinity iron acquisition in Rhizobium leguminosarum requires the cycHJKL operon and the feuPQ gene products, which belong to the family of two-component transcriptional regulators
300. Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: The role of the fnrL gene
301. Regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: The genetic basis of mutant H-5 auxotrophy
302. Control of hemA expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: Regulation through alterations in the cellular redox state
303. Role of the fnrL gene in photosystem gene expression and photosynthetic growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1
304. Degradation of heme in gram-negative bacteria: The product of the hemO gene of Neisseriae is a heme oxygenase