Role of dendritic cells and Th2 lymphocytes in asthma: Lessons from eosinophilic airway inflammation in the mouse

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 256-272

  Van Rijt, Leonie S ^a   Lambrecht, Bart N ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Antigen presentation; Asthma; Dendritic cells; Eosinophilic airway inflammation; Mouse model; Pathophysiology; Th2 lymphocyte

Indexed keywords

ANTIGENS; BODY FLUIDS; CYTOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; T-CELLS;

AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ASTHMA; DENDRITIC CELL; DENDRITICS; EOSINOPHILIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; HYPERSECRETION; MICE MODELS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TH2 LYMPHOCYTE;

DISEASES;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; BRONCHUS HYPERREACTIVITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENDRITIC CELL; EOSINOPHILIA; HELPER CELL; MAST CELL DEGRANULATION; MEDIATOR RELEASE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; MOUSE; MUCOUS CELL; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIZATION; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0035872931     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1092     Document Type: Article

References (188)

1. Abbas AK, Murphy KM, Sher A. 1996. Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383:787-793.
2. Akiba H, Miyahira Y, Atsuta M, Takeda K, Nohara C, Futagawa T, Matsuda H, Aoki T, Yagita H, Okumura K. 2000. Critical contribution of OX40 ligand to T helper cell type 2 differentiation in experimental leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 191:375-380.
3. Baldini M, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Erickson RP, Holt PG, Martinez FD. 1999. A Polymorphism* in the 5′ flanking region of the CD14 gene is associated with circulating soluble CD14 levels and with total serum immunoglobulin E. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:976-983.
4. Banchereau J, Steinman RM. 1998. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245-252.
5. Bilyk N, Holt PG. 1993. Inhibition of the immunosuppressive activity of resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 177:1773-1777.
6. Bjorck P, Banchereau J, FloresRomo L. 1997. CD40 ligation counter-acts Fas-induced apoptosis of human dendritic cells. Int Immunol 9:365-372.
7. Brewer JP, Kisselgof AB, Martin TR. 1999. Genetic variability in pulmonary physiological, cellular and antibody responses to antigen in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1150-1156.
8. Broide DH, Sullivan S, Gifford T, Sriramarao P. 1998. Inhibition of pulmonary eosinophilia in P-selectin- and ICAM-1-deficient mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:218-225.
9. Brusselle GG, Kips JC, Tavernier J, Van Der Heyden JG, Cuvelier CA, Pauwels RA, Bluethmann H. 1994. Attenuation of allergic airway inflammation in IL-4 deficient mice. Clin Exp Allergy 24: 73-80.
10. Brusselle GG, Kips JC, Joos GF, Bluethmann H, Pauwels RA. 1995. Allergen-induced airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness in wild-type and interleukin-4-deficient mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 12:254-259.
11. Caux C, Massacrier C, Vanbervliet B, Dubois B, Van Kooten C, Durand I, Banchereau J. 1994. Activation of human dendritic cells through CD40 cross-linking. J Exp Med 180:1263-1272.
12. Chvatchko Y, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Herren S, Lefort J, Bonnefoy JY. 1996. Germinal center formation and local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in the lung after an airway antigenic challenge. J Exp Med 184:2353-2360.
13. Cieslewicz G, Tomkinson A, Adler A, Duez C, Schwarze J, Takeda K, Larson KA, Lee JJ, Irvin CG, Gelfand EW. 1999. The late, but not early, asthmatic response is dependent on IL-5 and correlates with eosinophil infiltration. J Clin Invest 104:301-308.
14. Cohn L, Homer RJ, Marinov A, Rankin J, Bottomly K. 1997. Induction of airway mucus production by T helper 2 (Th2) cells: a critical role for interleukin 4 in cell recruitment but not mucus production. J Exp Med 186:1737-1747.
15. Cohn L, Tepper JS, Bottomly K. 1998. IL-4-independent induction of airway hyperresponsiveness by Th2, but not Th1, cells. J Immunol 161:3813-3816.
16. Cohn L, Homer RJ, MacLeod H, Mohrs M, Brombacher F, Bottomly K. 1999a. Th2-induced airway mucus production is dependent on IL-4Ralpha, but not on eosinophils. J Immunol 162:6178-6183.
17. Cohn L, Homer RJ, Niu N, Bottomly K. 1999b. T helper 1 cells and interferon gamma regulate allergic airway inflammation and mucus production. J Exp Med 190:1309-1318.
18. Constant SL, Bottomly K. 1997. Induction of TH1 and TH2 CD4+ T cell responses: The alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol 15:297-322.
19. Constant S, Lee KS, Bottomly K. 2000. Site of antigen delivery can influence T cell priming: pulmonary environment promotes preferential Th2-type differentiation. Eur J Immunol 30:840-847.
20. Corris PA, Dark JH. 1993. Aetiology of asthma: lessons from lung transplantation. Lancet 341:1369-1371.
21. Corry DB. 1999. IL-13 in allergy: home at last. Curr Opin Immunol 11:610-614.
22. Corry DB, Folkesson HG, Warnock ML, Erle DJ, Matthay MA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Locksley RM. 1996. Interleukin 4, but not interleukin 5 or eosinophils, is required in a murine model of acute airway hyperreactivity [see comments] [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 1997 May 5;185(9):1715], J Exp Med 183:109-117.
23. Coyle AJ, Erard F, Bertrand C, Walti S, Pircher H, Le Gros G. 1995a. Virus-specific CD8+ cells can switch to interleukin 5 production and induce airway eosinophilia. J Exp Med 181:1229-1233.
24. Coyle AJ, Le Gros G, Bertrand C, Tsuyuki S, Heusser CH, Kopf M, Anderson GP. 1995b. Interleukin-4 is required for the induction of lung Th2 mucosal immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 13:54-59.
25. Coyle AJ, Tsuyuki S, Bertrand C, Huang S, Aguet M, Alkan SS, Anderson GP. 1996a. Mice lacking the IFN-gamma receptor have impaired ability to resolve a lung eosinophilic inflammatory response associated with a prolonged capacity of T cells to exhibit a Th2 cytokine profile. J Immunol 156:2680-2685.
26. Coyle AJ, Wagner K, Bertrand C, Tsuyuki S, Bews J, Heusser C. 1996b. Central role of immunoglobulin E in the induction of lung eosinophil infiltration and T helper 2 cell cytokine production: inhibition by a non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE antibody. J Exp Med 183:1303-1310.
27. Coyle AJ, Kohler G, Tsuyuki S, Brombacher F, Kopf M. 1998. Eosinophils are not required to induce airway hyperresponsiveness after nematode infection. Eur J Immunol 28:2640-2647.
28. Coyle AJ, Lloyd C, Tian J, Nguyen T, Erikkson C, Wang L, Ottoson P, Persson P, Delaney T, Lehar S, Lin S, Poisson L, Meisel C, Kamradt T, Bjerke T, Levinson D, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1999. Crucial role of the interleukin 1 receptor family member T1/ST2 in T helper cell type 2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses. J Exp Med 190: 895-902.
29. Coyle AJ, Lehar S, Lloyd C, Tian J, Delaney T, Manning S, Nguyen T, Burwell T, Schneider H, Gonzalo JA, Gosselin M, Owen LR, Rudd CE, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 2000. The CD28-related molecule ICOS is required for effective T cell-dependent immune responses. Immunity 13:95-105.
30. Croft M, Swain SL. 1995. Recently activated naive CD4 T cells can help resting B cells, and can produce sufficient automne IL-4 to drive differentiation to secretion of Th-2 type cytokines. J Immunol 154:4269-4282.
31. Daser A, Gerstner B, Hansen R, Bulfone-Paus S, Renz H. 1998. Impaired NK1.1+ T cells do not prevent the development of an IgE-dependent allergic phenotype [see comments]. Clin Exp Allergy 28:950-955.
32. DeSmedt T, Vanmechelen M, DeBecker G, Urbain J, Leo O, Moser M. 1997. Effect of interleukin-10 on dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur J Immunol 27:1229-1235.
33. DiCosmo BF, Geba GP, Picarella D, Elias JA, Rankin JA, Stripp BR, Whitsett JA, Flavell RA. 1994. Airway epithelial cell expression of interleukin-6 in transgenic mice. Uncoupling of airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. J Clin Invest 94:2028-2035.
34. Djukanovic R. 2000. The role of co-stimulation in airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 30:S46-S50.
35. Erard F, Wild MT, Garcia-Sanz JA, Le Gros G. 1993. Switch of CD8 T cells to noncytolytic CD8-CD4-cells that make TH2 cytokines and help B cells. Science 260:1802-1805.
36. Fernandez NC, Lozier A, Flament C, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Bellet D, Suter M, Perricaudet M, Tursz T, Maraskovsky E, Zitvogel L. 1999. Dendritic cells directly trigger NK cell functions: cross-talk relevant in innate anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. Nat Med 5:405-411.
37. Foster PS, Hogan SP, Ramsay AJ, Matthaei KI, Young KI. 1996. Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity and lung damage in a mouse asthma model. J Exp Med 183:195-201.
38. Garlisi CG, Falcone A, Billah MM, Egan RW, Umland SP. 1996. T cells are the predominant source of interleukin-5 but not interleukin-4 mRNA expression in the lungs of antigen-challenged allergic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 15:420-428.
39. Gavett SH, Chen X, Finkelman F, Wills-Karp M. 1994. Depletion of murine CD4+ T lymphocytes prevents antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:587-593.
40. Gavett SH, O'Hearn DJ, Li X, Huang SK, Finkelman FD, Wills-Karp M. 1995. Interleukin 12 inhibits antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and Th2 cytokine expression in mice. J Exp Med 182:1527-1536.
41. Gerwin N, Gonzalo JA, Lloyd C, Coyle AJ, Reiss Y, Banu N, Wang B, Xu H, Avraham H, Engelhardt B, Springer TA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1999. Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. Immunity 10:9-19.
42. Gonzalo JA, Jia GQ, Aguirre V, Friend D, Coyle AJ, Jenkins NA, Lin GS, Katz H, Lichtman A, Copeland N, Kopf M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1996a. Mouse eotaxin expression parallels eosinophil accumulation during lung allergic inflammation but it is not restricted to a Th2-type response. Immunity 4:1-14.
43. Gonzalo JA, Lloyd CM, Kremer L, Finger E, Martinez-A C, Siegelman MH, Cybulsky M, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1996b. Eosinophil recruitment to the lung in a murine model of allergic inflammation. The role of T cells, chemokines, and adhesion receptors. J Clin Invest 98:2332-2345.
44. Gonzalo JA, Lloyd CM, Wen D, Albar JP, Wells TN, Proudfoot A, Martinez-A C, Dorf M, Bjerke T, Coyle AJ, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1998. The coordinated action of CC chemokines in the lung orchestrates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Exp Med 188:157-167.
45. Gonzalo JA, Pan Y, Lloyd CM, Jia GQ, Yu G, Dussault B, Powers CA, Proudfoot AE, Coyle AJ, Gearing D, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1999. Mouse monocyte-derived chemokine is involved in airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation. J Immunol 163:403-411.
46. Grunig G, Warnock M, Wakil AE, Venkayya R, Brombacher F, Rennick DM, Sheppard D, Mohrs M, Donaldson DD, Locksley RM, Corry DB. 1998. Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma [see comments]. Science 282:2261-2263.
47. Haczku A, Takeda K, Hamelmann E, Oshiba A, Loader J, Joetham A, Irvin C, Kikutani H, Gelfand EW. 1997. CD23 deficient mice develop allergic airway hyperresponsiveness following sensitization with ovalbumin. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1945-1955.
48. Haczku A, Takeda K, Redai I, Hamelmann E, Cieslewicz G, Joetham A, Loader J, Lee JJ, Irvin C, Gelfand EW. 1999. Anti-CD86 (B7.2) treatment abolishes allergic airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1638-1643.
49. Haczku A, Takeda K, Hamelmann E, Loader J, Joetham A, Redai I, Irvin CG, Lee JJ, Kikutani H, Conrad D, Gelfand EW. 2000. CD23 exhibits negative regulatory effects on allergic sensitization and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:952-960.
50. Hamelmann E, Oshiba A, Paluh J, Bradley K, Loader J, Potter TA, Larsen GL, Gelfand EW. 1996. Requirement for CD8+ T cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a marine model of airway sensitization. J Exp Med 183:1719-1729.
51. Hamelmann E, Schwarze J, Takeda K, Oshiba A, Larsen GL, Irvin CG, Gelfand EW. 1997a. Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography [see comments]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:766-775.
52. Hamelmann E, Vella AT, Oshiba A, Kappler JW, Marrack P, Gelfand EW. 1997b. Allergic airway sensitization induces T cell activation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in B cell-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:1350-1355.
53. Hamelmann E, Cieslewicz G, Schwarze J, Ishizuka T, Joetham A, Heusser C, Gelfand EW. 1999. Anti-interleukin 5 but not anti-IgE prevents airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:934-941.
54. Hammad H, Duez C, Fahy O, Tsicopoulos A, Andre C, Wallaert B, Lebecque S, Tonnel AB, Pestel J. 2000. Human dendritic cells in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model: their potentiating role in the allergic reaction. Lab Invest 80:605-614.
55. Hansen G, Berry G, Dekruyff RH, Umetsu DT. 1999. Allergen-specific Th1 cells fail to counterbalance Th2 cell-induced airway hyperreactivity but cause severe airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 103:175-183.
56. Hansen G, Yeung VP, Berry G, Umetsu DT, Dekruyff RH. 2000. Vaccination with heat-killed listeria as adjuvant reverses established allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation: role of CD8+ T cells and IL-18. J Immunol 164:223-230.
57. Harris N, Peach R, Naemura J, Linsley PS, Le Gros G, Ronchese F. 1997. CD80 costimulation is essential for the induction of airway eosinophilia. J Exp Med 185:177-182.
58. Hashimoto S, Suzuki T, Dong HY, Nagai S, Yamazaki N, Matsushima K. 1999. Serial analysis of gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 94:845-852.
59. Henderson WR Jr, Lewis DB, Albert RK, Zhang Y, Lamm WJ, Chiang GK, Jones F, Eriksen P, Tien YT, Jonas M, Chi EY. 1996. The importance of leukotrienes in airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. J Exp Med 184:1483-1494.
60. Henderson WR, Chi EY, Albert RK, Chu S, Lamm WJ, Rochon Y, Jonas M, Christie PE, Harlan JM. 1998. Blockade of CD49d on intrapulmonary but not circulating leukocytes inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. J Clin Invest 100:3083-3092.
61. Herrick CA, MacLeod H, Glusac E, Tigelaar RE, Bottomly K. 2000. Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous or inhalational protein exposure are differentially dependent on IL-4. J Clin Invest 105:765-775.
62. Hessel EM, Van Oosterhout AJ, Van Ark I, Van Esch B, Hofman G, Van Loveren H, Savelkoul HF, Nijkamp FP. 1997. Development of airway hyperresponsiveness is dependent on interferon-gamma and independent of eosinophil infiltration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 16:325-334.
63. Hofstra CL, Van Ark I, Hofman G, Kool M, Nijkamp FP, Van Oosterhout AJ. 1998. Prevention of Th2-like cell responses by coadministration of IL-12 and IL-18 is associated with inhibition of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and serum IgE levels. J Immunol 161:5054-5060.
64. Hogan SP, Mould A, Kikutani H, Ramsay AJ, Foster PS. 1997. Aeroallergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, lung damage, and airways hyperreactivity in mice can occur independently of IL-4 and allergen-specific immunoglobulins. J Clin Invest 99:1329-1339.
65. Hogan SP, Koskinen A, Matthaei KI, Young IG, Foster PS. 1998a. Interleukin-5-producing CD4 T cells play a pivotal role in aeroallergen-induced eosinophilia, bronchial hyperreactivity, and lung damage in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:210-218.
66. Hogan SP, Matthaei KI, Young JM, Koskinen A, Young IG, Foster PS. 1998b. A novel T cell-regulated mechanism modulating allergen-induced airways hyperreactivity in BALB/c mice independently of IL-4 and IL-5. J Immunol 161:1501-1509.
67. Holt PG, Macaubas C. 1997. Development of long term tolerance versus sensitisation to environmental allergens during the perinatal period. Curr Opin Immunol 9:782-787.
68. Holt PG, Schon-Hegrad MA, Oliver J. 1988. MHC class II antigen-bearing dendritic cells in pulmonary tissues of the rat (regulation of antigen presentation activity by endogenous macrophage populations). J Exp Med 167:262-274.
69. Holt PG, Macaubas C, Stumbles PA, Sly PD. 1999. The role of allergy in the development of asthma. Nature 402:B12-17.
70. Humbert M, Menz G, Ying S, Corrigan CJ, Robinson DS, Durham SR, Kay AB. 1999. The immunopathology of extrinsic (atopic) and intrinsic (non-atopic) asthma: more similarities than differences. Immunology Today 20:528-533.
71. Imai T, Nagira M, Takagi S, Kakizaki M, Nishimura M, Wang J, Gray PW, Matsushima K, Yoshie O. 1999. Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. Int Immunol 11:81-88.
72. Iwamoto I, Nakajima H, Endo H, Yoshida S. 1993. Interferon gamma regulates antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the mouse airways by inhibiting the infiltration of CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 177:573-576.
73. Johansson B, Ingvarsson S, Bjorck P, Borrebaeck CA. 2000. Human interdigitating dendritic cells induce isotype switching and IL-13-dependent IgM production in CD40-activated naive B cells. J Immunol 2000 Feb 15;164(4):1847-1854, 164:1847-1854.
74. Johansson B, Ingvarsson S, Bjorck P, Borrebaeck CA. 2000. Human interdigitating dendritic cells induce isotype switching and IL-13-dependent IgM production in CD40-activated naive B cells. J Immunol 2000 Feb 15;164(4):1847-1854, 164:1847-1854.
75. + dendritic cells: the levels of IL-12 are determined during the final DC maturation and are resistant to further modulation. J Immunol 161:2804-2809.
76. Karp CL, Grupe A, Schadt E, Ewart SL, Keane-Moore M, Cuomo P, Kohl J, Wahl L, Kuperman D, Germer S, Aud D, Peltz G, Wills-Karp M. 2000. Identification of complement factor 5 as a susceptibility locus for experimental allergic asthma. Nature Immunology 1:221-226.
77. Karras JG, McGraw K, McKay RA, Cooper SR, Lerner D, Lu T, Walker C, Dean NM, Monia BP. 2000. Inhibition of antigen-induced eosinophilia and late phase airway hyperresponsiveness by an IL-5 antisense oligonucleotide in mouse models of asthma. J Immunol 164:5409-5415.
78. Keane-Myers A, Wysocka M, Trinchieri G, Wills-Karp M. 1998. Resistance to antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness requires endogenous production of IL-12. J Immunol 161:919-926.
79. Kips JC, Pauwela RA. 1997. Animal models of asthma. Clinical Asthma Reviews 1:43-53.
80. Kips JC, Brusselle GG, Joos GF, Peleman RA, Tavernier J, Devos R, Pauwels RA. 1996. Interleukin-12 inhibits antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Amer J Respir Crit Care Med 153: 535-539.
81. Kline JN, Waldschmidt TJ, Businga TR, Lemish JE, Weinstock JV, Thorne PS, Krieg AM. 1998. Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligodesoxynucleotides in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol 160:2555-2559.
82. Kline JN, Krieg AM, Waldschmidt TJ, Ballas ZK, Jain V, Businga TR. 1999. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides do not require TH1 cytokines to prevent eosinophilic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104:1258-1264.
83. Kobayashi T, Miura T, Haba T, Sato M, Serizawa I, Nagai H, Ishizaka K. 2000. An essential role of mast cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model. J Immunol 164: 3855-3861.
84. Kodaira Y, Nair SK, Wrenshall LE, Gilboa E, Platt JL. 2000. Phenotypic and Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells Mediated by Heparan Sulfate. J Immunol 165:1599-1604.
85. Kodama T, Matsuyama T, Kuribayashi K, Nishioka Y, Sugita M, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Okamura H. 2000. IL-18 deficiency selectively enhances allergen-induced eosinophilia in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105:45-53.
86. Kopf M, Le Gros G, Coyle AJ, Kosco-Vilbois M, Brombacher F. 1995. Immune responses of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 deficient mice. Immunol Rev 148:45-69.
87. Korsgren M, Erjefält JS, Korsgren O, Sundler F, Persson CGA. 1997. Allergic eosinophil-rich inflammation develops in lungs and airways of B cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 185:885-892.
88. Korsgren M, Erjefalt JS, Korsgren O, Sonmark B, Sundler F, Persson CG. 1999a. Lack of systemic anaphylaxis and aeroallergen-induced airway plasma extravasation in allergic immunoglobulin-deficient mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 118:67-73.
89. Korsgren M, Persson CGA, Sundler F, Bjerke T, Hansson T, Chambers BJ, Hong S, Van Kaer L, Ljunggren HG, Korsgren O. 1999b. Natural Killer Cells Determine Development of Allergen-induced Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Mice. J Exp Med 189:553-562.
90. Krug N, Madden AE, Redington AE, Lackie P, Djukanovic R, Schauer U, Holgate ST, Frew AJ, Howarth PH. 1996. T-cell cytokine profile evaluated at the single cell level in BAL and blood in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14:319-326.
91. Kuhn C 3rd, Homer RJ, Zhu Z, Ward N, Flavell RA, Geba GP, Elias JA. 2000. Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction in transgenic mice. Morphologic correlates in mice overexpressing interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-6 in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:289-295.
92. Kumano K, Nakao A, Nakajima H, Hayashi F, Kurimoto M, Okamura H, Saito Y, Iwamoto I. 1999. Interleukin-18 enhances antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the mouse airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:873-878.
93. Kung TT, Stelts D, Zurcher JA, Jones H, Umland SP, Kreutner W, Egan RW, Chapman RW. 1995a. Mast cells modulate allergic pulmonary eosinophilia in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 12:404-409.
94. Kung TT, Stelts DM, Zurcher JA, Adams GK, Egan RW, Kreutner W, Watnick AS, Jones H, Chapman RW. 1995b. Involvement of IL-5 in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation: Prophylactic and therapeutic effect of an anti-IL-5 antibody. Amer J Respir Cell Molec Biol 13:360-365.
95. Kuperman D, Schofield B, Wills-Karp M, Grusby MJ. 1998. Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (Stat6)-deficient mice are protected from antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production. J Exp Med 187:939-948.
96. Lambrecht BN, Salomon B, Klatzmann D, Pauwels RA. 1998. Dendritic cells are required for the development of chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation in response to inhaled antigen in sensitized mice. J Immunol 160:4090-4097.
97. Lambrecht BN, Carro-Muino I, Vermaelen K, Pauwels RA. 1999. Allergen-induced changes in bone-marrow progenitor and airway dendritic cells in sensitized rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:1165-1174.
98. Lambrecht BN, De Veerman M, Coyle AJ, Gutierrez-Ramos J, Thielemans K, Pauwels RA. 2000a. Dendritic cells induce Th2 responses to inhaled antigen leading to eosinophilic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 106:551-559.
99. Lambrecht BN, Pauwels RA, Fazekas De St Groth B. 2000b. Induction of rapid T cell activation, division, and recirculation by intratracheal injection of dendritic cells in a TCR transgenic model. J Immunol 164:2937-2946.
100. Lambrecht BN, Peleman RA, Bullock GR, Pauwels RA. 2000c. Sensitization to inhaled antigen by intratracheal instillation of dendritic cells. Clin Exp Allergy 30:214-224.
101. Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F. 2000. From synapses to immunological memory: the role of sustained T cell stimulation. Curr Opin Immunol 12:92-98.
102. Lee JJ, McGarry MP, Farmer SC, Denzler KL, Larson KA, Carrigan PE, Brenneise IE, Horton MA, Haczku A, Gelfand EW, Leikauf GD, Lee NA. 1997. Interleukin-5 expression in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice leads to pulmonary changes pathognomonic of asthma. J Exp Med 185:2143-2156.
103. Lee SC, Jaffar ZH, Wan KS, Holgate ST, Roberts K. 1999. Regulation of pulmonary T cell responses to inhaled antigen: role in Th1-and Th2-mediated inflammation. J Immunol 162:6867-6879.
104. Lefort J, Bachelet CM, Leduc D, Vargaftig BB. 1996. Effect of antigen provocation of IL-5 transgenic mice on eosinophil mobilization and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 97:788-799.
105. Li L, Xia Y, Nguyen A, Lai YH, Feng L, Mosmann TR, Lo D. 1999. Effects of Th2 cytokines on chemokine expression in the lung: IL-13 potently induces eotaxin expression by airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 162:2477-2487.
106. Li XM, Chopra RK, Chou TY, Schofield BH, Wills-Karp M, Huang SK. 1996. Mucosal IFN-gamma gene transfer inhibits pulmonary allergic responses in mice. J Immunol 157:3216-3219.
107. Lieberam I, Forster I. 1999. The murine beta-chemokine TARC is expressed by subsets of dendritic cells and attracts primed CD4+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 29:2684-2694.
108. Lloyd CM, Delaney T, Nguyen T, Tian J, Martinez-A C, Coyle AJ, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 2000. CC chemokine receptor (CCR)3/Eotaxin is followed by CCR4/Monocyte-derived chemokine in mediating pulmonary T helper lymphocyte type 2 recruitment after serial antigen challenge in vivo. J Exp Med 191:265-274.
109. Louahed J, Toda M, Jen J, Hamid Q, Renauld JC, Levitt RC, Nicolaides NC. 2000. Interleukin-9 upregulates mucus expression in the airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:649-656.
110. Ludewig B, Odermatt B, Landmann S, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. 1998. Dendritic cells induce autoimmune diabetes and maintain disease via de novo formation of local lymphoid tissue. J Exp Med 188:1493-1501.
111. Magram J, Connaughton SE, Warrier RR, Carvajal DM, Wu C, Ferrante J, Stewart C, Sarmiento U, Faherty DA, Gately M. 1996. IL-12-deficient mice are defective in IFN-g production and type 1 cytokine responses. Immunity 4:471-481.
112. Mahnke K, Bhardwaj RS, Luger TA, Schwarz T, Grabbe S. 1996. Interaction of murine dendritic cells with collagen up-regulates allostimulatory capacity, surface expression of heat stable antigen, and release of cytokines. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 60:465-472.
113. Makela MJ, Kanehiro A, Borish L, Dakhama A, Loader J, Joetham A, King Z, Jordana M, Larsen GL, Gelfand EW. 2000. IL-10 is necessary for the expression of airway hyperresponsiveness but not pulmonary inflammation after allergic sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:6007-6012.
114. Mark DA, Donovan CE, De Sanctis GT, Krinzman SJ, Kobzik L, Linsley PS, Sayegh MH, Lederer J, Perkins DL, Finn PW. 1998. Both CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules regulate allergic pulmonary inflammation. Int Immunol 10:1647-1655.
115. Masten BJ, Lipscomb MF. 1999. Comparison of Lung Dendritic Cells and B Cells in Stimulating Naive Antigen-Specific T Cells. J Immunol 162:1310-1317.
116. Mathur M, Herrmann K, Qin Y, Gulmen F, Li X, Krimins R, Weinstock J, Elliott D, Bluestone JA, Padrid P. 1999. CD28 interactions with either CD80 or CD86 are sufficient to induce allergic airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 21:498-509.
117. Maurer D, Fiebiger E, Reininger B, Ebner C, Petzelbauer P, Shi GP, Chapman HA, Stingl G. 1998. Fcε receptor I on dendritic cells delivers IgE-bound multivalen antigens into a cathepsin S-dependent pathway of MHC class II presentation. J Immunol 161:2731-2739.
118. McKenzie GJ, Emson CL, Bell SE, Andeson S, Fallon P, Zurawski G, Murray R, Grencis R, McKenzie ANJ. 1998. Impaired development of Th2 cells in IL-13-deficient mice. Immunity 9:423-432.
119. McLane MP, Haczku A, van de Rijn M, Weiss C, Ferrante V, MacDonald D, Renauld JC, Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Levitt RC. 1998. Interleukin-9 promotes allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:713-720.
120. McMenamin C, Pimm C, McKersey M, Holt PG. 1994. Regulation of IgE responses to inhaled antigen in mice by antigen-specific gamma delta T cells. Science 265:1869-1871.
121. McWilliam AS, Napoli S, Marsh AM, Pemper FL, Nelson DJ, Pimm CL, Stumbles PA, Wells TNC, Holt PG. 1996. Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. J Exp Med 184:2429-2432.
122. Mehlhop PD, van de Rijn M, Goldberg AB, Brewer JP, Kurup VP, Martin TR, Oettgen HC. 1997. Allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and eosinophilic inflammation occur in the absence of IgE in a mouse model of asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:1344-1349.
123. Moller GM, Overbeek SE, VanHeldenMeeuwsen CG, VanHaarst JMW, Prens EP, Mulder PG, Postma DS, Hoogsteden HC. 1996. Increased numbers of dendritic cells in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmatic patients: Downregulation by inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Exp Allergy 26:517-524.
124. Mould AW, Ramsay AJ, Matthaei KI, Young IG, Rothenberg ME, Foster PS. 2000. The Effect of IL-5 and Eotaxin Expression in the Lung on Eosinophil Trafficking and Degranulation and the Induction of Bronchial Hyperreactivity. J Immunol 164:2142-2150.
125. + T-lymphocytes and interleukin-5 mediate antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the mouse trachea. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 146:374-377.
126. Nakajima H, Sano H, Nishimura T, Yoshida S, Iwamoto I. 1994. Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/very late activation antigen 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 interactions in antigen-induced eosinophil and T cell recruitment into the tissue. J Exp Med 179:1145-1154.
127. Ohshima Y, Delespesse G. 1997. T cell-derived IL-4 and dendritic cell-derived IL-12 regulate the lymphokine-producing phenotype of alloantigen-primed naive human CD4 T cells. J Immunol 158:629-636.
128. Prescott SL, Macaubas C, Holt BJ, Smallacombe TB, Loh R, Sly PD, Holt PG. 1998. Environmental allergens: Universal skewing of initial T cell responses toward the Th2 cytokine profile. J Immunol 160:4730-4737.
129. Randolph GJ, Beaulieu S, Lebecque S, Steinman RM, Muller WA. 1998. Differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in a model of transendothelial trafficking. Science 282:480-483.
130. Randolph DA, Carruthers CJ, Szabo SJ, Murphy KM, Chaplin DD. 1999a. Modulation of Airway Inflammation by Passive Transfer of Allergen-Specific Th1 and Th2 Cells in a Mouse Model of Asthma. J Immunol 162:2375-2383.
131. Randolph DA, Stephens R, Carruthers CJ, Chaplin DD. 1999b. Cooperation between Th1 and Th2 cells in a murine model of eosinophilic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 104:1021-1029.
132. Rankin JA, Picarella DE, Geba GP, Temann UA, Prasad B, DiCosmo B, Tarallo A, Stripp B, Whitsett J, Flavell RA. 1996. Phenotypic and physiologic characterization of transgenic mice expressing interleukin 4 in the lung: lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation without airway hyperreactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:7821-7825.
133. Ray A, Cohn L. 1999. Th2 cells and GATA-3 in asthma: new insights into the regulation of airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 104:985-993.
134. + T cells. J Exp Med 185:461-469.
135. Robinson D, Shibuya K, Mui A, Zonin F, Murphy E, Sana T, Hartley SB, Menon S, Kastelein R, Bazan F, O'Garra A. 1997. IGIF does not drive Th1 development but synergizes with IL-12 for interferon-gamma production and activates IRAK and NF kappa B. Immunity 7:571-581.
136. Sallusto F, Cella M, Danieli C, Lanzavecchia A. 1995. Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: Downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J Exp Med 182:389-400.
137. Sallusto F, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A. 2000. The role of chemokine receptors in primary, effector, and memory immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 18:593-620.
138. Scharenberg AM, Kinet J-P. 1994. Is localized immunoglobulin E synthesis the problem? Current biology 4:140-142.
139. Schon-Hegrad MA, Oliver J, McMenamin PG, Holt PG. 1991. Studies on the density, distribution and surface phenotype of intraepithelial class II major histocompatibility complex antigen (Ia)-bearing dendritic cells (DC) in the conducting airways. J Exp Med 173:1345-1356.
140. Schramm CM, Puddington L, Yiamouyiannis CA, Lingenheld EG, Whiteley HE, Wolyniec WW, Noonan TC, Thrall RS. 2000. Proinflammatory roles of T-cell receptor (TCR)gammadelta and TCRalphabeta lymphocytes in a murine model of asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:218-225.
141. Schwarze J, Hamelmann E, Bradley KL, Takeda K, Gelfand EW. 1997. Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen. J Clin Invest 100:226-233.
142. Schwarze J, Makela M, Cieslewicz G, Dakhama A, Lahn M, Ikemura T, Joetham A, Gelfand EW. 1999. Transfer of the enhancing effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on subsequent allergic airway sensitization by T lymphocytes. J Immunol 163:5729-5734.
143. Schweitzer N, Borriello F, Wong RCK, Abbas AK, Sharpe AH. 1997. Role of costimulators in T cell differentiation. Studies using antigen-presenting cells lacking expression of CD80 or CD86. J Immunol 158:2713-2722.
144. Seymour BWP, Pinkerton KE, Friebertshauser KE, Coffman RL, Gershwin LJ. 1997. Second-hand smoke is an adjuvant for T helper-2 responses in a murine model of allergy. J Immunol 159:6169-6175.
145. Seymour BWP, Gershwin LJ, Coffman RL. 1998. Aerosol-induced immunoglobulin (Ig)-E unresponsiveness to ovalbumin does not require CD8(+) or T cell receptor (TCR)-gamma/delta(+) T cells or interferon (IFN)-gamma in a murine model of allergen sensitization. J Exp Med 187:721-731.
146. Shi H-Z, Humbles A, Gerard C, Jin Z, Weller PF. 2000. Lymph node trafficking and antigen presentation by endobronchial eosinophils. J Clin Invest 105:945-953.
147. Sozzani S, Sallusto F, Luini W, Zhou D, Piemonti L, Allavena P, Vandamme J, Valitutti S, Lanzavecchia A, Mantovani A. 1995. Migration of dendritic cells in response to formyl peptides, C5a, and a distinct set of chemokines. J Immunol 155:3292-3295.
148. Stampfli MR, Wiley RE, Scott Neigh G, Gajewska BU, Lei XF, Snider DP, Xing Z, Jordana M. 1998. GM-CSF transgene expression in the airway allows aerosolized ovalbumin to induce allergic sensitization in mice. J Clin Invest 102:1704-1714.
149. Stampfli MR, Cwiartka M, Gajewska BU, Alvarez D, Ritz SA, Inman MD, Xing Z, Jordana M. 1999a. Interleukin-10 Gene Transfer to the Airway Regulates Allergic Mucosal Sensitization in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 21:586-596.
150. Stampfli MR, Scott Neigh G, Wiley RE, Cwiartka M, Ritz SA, Hitt MM, Xing Z, Jordana M. 1999b. Regulation of allergic mucosal sensitization by interleukin-12 gene transfer to the airway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 21:317-326.
151. Stelts D, Egan RW, Falcone A, Garlisi CG, Gleich GJ, Kreutner W, Kung TT, Nahrebne DK, Chapman RW, Minnicozzi M. 1998. Eosinophils retain their granule major basic protein in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:463-470.
152. Stief A, Texido G, Sansig G, Eibel H, Le Gros G, van der Putten H. 1994. Mice deficient in CD23 reveal its modulatory role in IgE production but no role in T and B cell development. J Immunol 152:3378-3390.
153. Suda T, McCarthy K, Vu Q, McCormack J, Schneeberger EE. 1998. Dendritic cell precursors are enriched in the vascular compartment of the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:728-737.
154. Takeda K, Hamelmann E, Joetham A, Shultz LD, Larsen GL, Irvin CG, Gelfand EW. 1997. Development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mast cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 186:449-454.
155. Tanaka H, Demeure C, Rubio M, Delespesse G, Sarfati M. 2000. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells induce naive T cell differentiation into T helper cell type 2 (Th2) or Th1/Th2 effectors: role of stimulator/responder ratio. J Exp Med 192:405-411.
156. Temann UA, Prasad B, Gallup MW, Basbaum C, Ho SB, Flavell RA, Rankin JA. 1997. A novel role for murine IL-4 in vivo: induction of MUC5AC gene expression and mucin hypersecretion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 16:471-478.
157. Temann UA, Geba GP, Rankin JA, Flavell RA. 1998. Expression of interleukin 9 in the lungs of transgenic mice causes airway inflammation, mast cell hyperplasia, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Exp Med 188:1307-1320.
158. Thepen T, Van Rooijen N, Kraal G. 1989. Alveolar macrophage elimination in vivo is associated in vivo with an increase in pulmonary immune responses in mice. J Exp Med 170:494-509.
159. Thepen T, McMenamin C, Girn B, Kraal G, Holt PG. 1992. Regulation of IgE production in pre-sensitized animals: in vivo elimination of alveolar macrophages preferentially increases IgE responses to inhaled allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 22:1107-1114.
160. Tomkinson A, Kanehiro A, Rabinovitch N, Joetham A, Cieslewicz G, Gelfand EW. 1999. The failure of STAT6-deficient mice to develop airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness is overcome by interleukin-5. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1283-1291.
161. Tournoy KG, Kips JC, Pauwels RA. 2000a. Endogenous interleukin-10 suppresses allergen-induced airway inflammation and nonspecific airway responsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy 30:775-783.
162. Tournoy KG, Kips JC, Schou C, Pauwels RA. 2000b. Airway eosinophilia is not a requirement for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy 30:79-85.
163. Tsuyuki S, Tsuyuki J, Einsle K, Kopf M, Coyle AJ. 1997. Costimulation through B7-2 (CD86) is required for the induction of a lung mucosal T helper cell 2 (TH2) immune response and altered airway responsiveness. J Exp Med 185:1671-1679.
164. Tunon de Lara JM, Redington AE, Bradding P, Church MK, Hartley JA, Semper AE, Holgate ST. 1996. Dendritic cells in normal and asthmatic airways: expression of the alfa subunit of the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor. Clin Exp Allergy 26:648-655.
165. Upham JW, Holt BJ, Baronhay MJ, Yabuhara A, Hales BJ, Thomas WR, Loh RKS, Okeeffe PT, Palmer L, Lesouef PN, Sly PD, Burton PR, Robinson BWS, Holt PG. 1995. Inhalant allergen-specific T-cell reactivity is detectable in close to 100% of atopic and normal individuals: Covert responses are unmasked by serum-free medium. Clin Exp Allergy 25:634-642.
166. Van der Heijden FL, Van Neerven RJ, Van Katwijk M, Bos JD, Kapsenberg ML. 1993. Serum-IgE-facilitated allergen presentation in atopic disease. J Immunol 150:3643-3650.
167. van der Pouw Kraan TC, Boeije LC, de Groot ER, Stapel SO, Snijders A, Kapsenberg ML, van der Zee JS, Aarden LA. 1997. Reduced production of IL-12 and IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma release in patients with allergic asthma. J Immunol 158:5560-5565.
168. Van Oosterhout AJ, Fattah D, Van Ark I, Hofman G, Buckley TL, Nijkamp FP. 1995. Eosinophil infiltration precedes development of airway hyperreactivity and mucosal exudation after intranasal administration of interleukin-5 to mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 96: 104-112.
169. van Scott MR, Justice JP, Bradfield JF, Enright E, Signounas A, Sur S. 2000. IL-10 reduces Th2 cytokine production and eosinophilia but augments airway reactivity in allergic mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278:L667-674.
170. Wang J, Palmer K, Lotvall J, Milan S, Lei XF, Matthaei KI, Gauldie J, Inman MD, Jordana M, Xing Z. 1998. Circulating, but not local lung, IL-5 is required for the development of antigen-induced airways eosinophilia. J Clin Invest 102:1132-1141.
171. Wang J, Homer R, Hong L, Cohn L, Lee CG, Jung S, Elias JA. 2000. IL-11 selectively inhibits aeroallergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production. J Immunol 165:2222-2231.
172. Webb DC, McKenzie AN, Koskinen AM, Yang M, Mattes J, Foster PS. 2000. Integrated signals between IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5 regulate airways hyperreactivity. J Immunol 165:108-113.
173. Wild JS, Sigounas A, Sur N, Siddiqui MS, Alam R, Kurimoto M, Sur S. 2000. IFN-gamma-inducing factor (IL-18) increases allergic sensitization, serum IgE, Th2 cytokines, and airway eosinophilia in a mouse model of allergic asthma. J Immunol 164:2701-2710.
174. Wilder JA, Collie DD, Wilson BS, Bice DE, Lyons CR, Lipscomb MF. 1999. Dissociation of airway hyperresponsiveness from immunoglobulin E and airway eosinophilia in a murine model of allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:1326-1334.
175. Williams CMM, Galli SJ. 2000. Mast cells can amplify airway reactivity and features of chronic inflammation in an asthma model in mice. J Exp Med 192:455-462.
176. Wills-Karp M, Luyimbazi J, Xu X, Schofield B, Neben TY, Karp CL, Donaldson DD. 1998. Interleukin-13: Central Mediator of Allergic Asthma. Science 282:2258-2261.
177. Winterrowd GE, Chin JE. 1999. Flow cytometric detection of antigen-specific cytokine responses in lung T cells in a murine model of pulmonary inflammation. Journal of Immunological Methods 226: 105-118.
178. Wolyniec WW, De Sanctis GT, Nabozny G, Torcellini C, Haynes N, Joetham A, Gelfand EW, Drazen JM, Noonan TC. 1998. Reduction of antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilia in ICAM-1-deficient mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:777-785.
179. Yabuhara A, Macaubas C, Prescott SL, Venaille TJ, Holt BJ, Habre W, Sly PD, Holt PG. 1997. TH2-polarized immunological memory to inhalant allergens in atopics is established during infancy and early childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 27:1261-1269.
180. Yamamoto N, Suzuki S, Shirai A, Suzuki M, Nakazawa M, Nagashima Y, Okubo T. 2000. Dendritic cells are associated with augmentation of antigen sensitization by influenza A virus infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 30:316-326.
181. Yang X, Wang S, Fan Y, Han X. 2000. IL-10 deficiency prevents IL-5 overproduction and eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma-like reaction. Eur J Immunol 30:382-391.
182. Yoshinaga SK, Whorisky JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J, Koran T, Shih G, Zhang M, Coccia MA, Kohno T, Tafuri-Bladt A, Brankow D, Campbell P, Chang D, Chiu L, Dai T, Duncan G, Elliot GS, Hui A, McCabe SM, Scully S, Shahinian A, Shaklee CL, Van G, Mak TW, Senaldi G. 1999. T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS. Nature 402:827-832.
183. Zhang Y, Rogers KH, Lewis DB. 1996. β2-microglobulin-dependent T cells are dispensable for allergen-induced T helper 2 responses. J Exp Med 184:1507-1512.
184. Zhou LJ, Tedder TF. 1995. A distinct pattern of cytokine gene expression by human CD83(+) blood dendritic cells. Blood 86:3295-3301.
185. Zhu Z, Homer RJ, Wang Z, Chen Q, Geba GP, Wang J, Zhang Y, Elias JA. 1999. Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production. J Clin Invest 103:779-788.
186. Zuany-Amorim C, Hailé S, Leduc D, Dumarey C, Huerre M, Vargaftig BB, Pretolani M. 1995. Interleukin 10 inhibits antigen-induced cellular recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice. J Clin Invest 95:2644-2651.
187. Zuany-Amorim C, Ruffie C, Haile S, Vargaftig BB, Pereira P, Pretolani M. 1998. Requirement for gammadelta T cells in allergic airway inflammation. Science 280:1265-1267.
188. Zuberi RI, Apgar JR, Chen SS, Liu FT. 2000. Role for IgE in airway secretions: IgE immune complexes are more potent inducers than antigen alone of airway inflammation in a murine model. J Immunol 164:2667-2673.